A shark-deterrent wetsuit (and it's not what you think) | Hamish Jolly

405,923 views ใƒป 2014-04-23

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Ido Dekkers ืžื‘ืงืจ: Tal Dekkers
00:13
Scientific breakthrough,
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ืคืจื™ืฆืช ื“ืจืš ืžื“ืขื™ืช,
00:14
the kind that can potentially save lives,
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ืžื”ืกื•ื’ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื,
00:17
can sometimes be lying right out in the open
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื™ื”
00:19
for us to discover,
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ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื ื• ืœื’ืœื•ืช,
00:20
in the evolved, accumulated body
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ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืžืคื•ืชื—, ื”ืฆื•ื‘ืจ
00:23
of human anecdote, for example,
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ืฉืœ ื”ืื ืงื“ื•ื˜ื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช, ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”,
00:25
or in the time-tested adaptations
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ืื• ื‘ื”ืชืืžื•ืช ืฉื ื‘ื—ื ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื–ืžืŸ
00:27
that we observe in the natural world around us.
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆื•ืคื™ื ื‘ื”ืŸ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื ื•.
00:31
Science starts with observation,
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ืžื“ืข ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืื‘ื—ื ื”,
00:33
but the trick is to identify the patterns and signatures
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื˜ืจื™ืง ื”ื•ื ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื—ืชื™ืžื•ืช
00:37
that we might otherwise dismiss
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ืฉืื—ืจืช ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื“ื•ื—ื™ื
00:39
as myth or coincidence,
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ื›ืžื™ืชื•ืก ืื• ืžืงืจื”,
00:41
isolate them, and test them with scientific rigor.
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ืœื‘ื•ื“ื“ ืื•ืชืŸ, ื•ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืื•ืชื ืขื ื”ืงืคื“ื” ืžื“ืขื™ืช.
00:44
And when we do, the results will often surprise.
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ื•ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื–ื”, ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœืจื•ื‘ ืžืคืชื™ืขื•ืช.
00:48
Western Australia has had a particular problem
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ืœืžืขืจื‘ ืื•ืกื˜ืจืœื™ื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืขื™ื” ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช
00:50
with shark attacks over the last three years,
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ืขื ื”ืชืงืคื•ืช ื›ืจื™ืฉื™ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช,
00:54
unfortunately and tragically culminating
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ืฉืœืฆืขืจื ื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื˜ืจืื’ื™
00:56
in five fatal shark attacks in a 10-month period
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ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ืžืฉ ืชืงื™ืคื•ืช ื›ืจื™ืฉื™ื ืงื˜ืœื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœ 10 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื
00:59
during that time.
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื–ื”.
01:01
But Western Australia is not alone in this.
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ืื‘ืœ ืžืขืจื‘ ืื•ืกื˜ืจืœื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืœื ืœื‘ื“ ื‘ื–ื”.
01:03
The incident of shark engagements on humans
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ื”ืชืงืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชืงื™ืคื•ืช ื›ืจื™ืฉื™ื ืขืœ ืื ืฉื™ื
01:06
is escalating worldwide.
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ืžื—ืจื™ืคื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
01:08
And so it's not surprising, perhaps,
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ืื– ื–ื” ืœื ืžืคืชื™ืข, ืื•ืœื™,
01:10
that in July of this year,
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ืฉื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ ื”ืฉื ื”,
01:11
Shark Attack Mitigation Systems in collaboration
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ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžื ื™ืขืช ืชืงื™ืคืช ื›ืจื™ืฉื™ื ื™ื—ื“ ืขื
01:14
with the University of Western Australia Oceans Institute
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ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืื•ืงื™ืื ื™ ืฉืœ ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืžืขืจื‘ ืื•ืกื˜ืจืœื™ื”
01:17
made an announcement which captured the attention
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ื™ืฆืื• ื‘ื”ื›ืจื–ื” ืฉืชืคืกื” ืืช ืชืฉื•ืžืช ื”ืœื‘
01:20
of the worldwide media and of ocean users
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ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื” ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ื•ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก
01:22
worldwide,
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ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
01:24
and that was around the development of technology
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ื•ื–ื” ื ื’ืข ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ืฉืœ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”
01:25
to mitigate or reduce the risk of shark attack
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ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ืื• ื”ืคื—ืชืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืชืงื™ืคืช ื›ืจื™ืฉื™ื
01:28
based on the science of what sharks can see.
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ื‘ื”ืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ื”ืžื“ืข ืฉืœ ืžื” ืฉื›ืจื™ืฉ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืจืื•ืช.
01:31
And I have for you today
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื›ื ื”ื™ื•ื
01:33
the story of that journey,
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ืืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืžืกืข ื”ื–ื”,
01:35
but also the notion that science can be
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ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืžื“ืข ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช
01:37
as powerful as a translator
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ื—ื–ืง ื›ืžื• ืžืชืจื’ื
01:39
as it can be for invention.
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ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืžืฆืื”.
01:43
When we began this process,
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ื›ืฉื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื–ื”,
01:45
we were looking, it was about three years ago,
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ื”ื‘ื˜ื ื•, ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืขืจืš ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื,
01:48
and we'd just had the first two fatal shark attacks
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ื•ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ืืช ืฉืชื™ ื”ืชืงื™ืคื•ืช ื”ืงื˜ืœื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช
01:51
in Western Australia,
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ื‘ืžืขืจื‘ ืื•ืกื˜ืจืœื™ื”,
01:53
and by chance, in a previous role,
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ื•ื‘ืžืงืจื”, ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืงื•ื“ื,
01:55
I happened to be having dinner with Harry Butler.
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ื™ืฆื ืœื™ ืœืกืขื•ื“ ืืจื•ื—ืช ืขืจื‘ ืขื ื”ืืจื™ ื‘ืื˜ืœืจ.
01:58
Now Harry Butler, who most Australians would know is a famous naturalist,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ืืจื™ ื‘ืื˜ืœืจ, ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื•ืกื˜ืจืœื™ื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ื›ื—ื•ื‘ื‘ ื˜ื‘ืข ื™ื“ื•ืข,
02:02
had spent a lot of time in the marine environment.
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ื‘ื™ืœื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื™ืžื™ืช.
02:04
Harry Butler is a precursor, if you like,
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ื”ืืจื™ ื‘ืื˜ืœืจ ื”ื•ื ืžืžืฉื™ืš ื“ืจื›ื•, ืื ืชืจืฆื•,
02:06
to the late Steve Irwin.
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ืฉืœ ืกื˜ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจื•ื•ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื ื•ื—.
02:08
When I asked him about
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ื›ืฉืฉืืœืชื™ ืื•ืชื• ืขืœ
02:09
what the solution to the problem might be,
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ืžื” ื”ืคื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ืœื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช,
02:13
the answer was quite surprising.
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ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื“ื™ ืžืคืชื™ืขื”.
02:14
He said, "Take a black wetsuit,
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ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ, "ืงื— ื—ืœื™ืคืช ืฆืœื™ืœื” ืฉื—ื•ืจื”,
02:16
band it in yellow stripes like a bumblebee,
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ื”ืงืฃ ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืคืกื™ื ืฆื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ื›ืžื• ื“ื‘ื•ืจื”,
02:19
and you'll be mimicking the warning systems
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ื•ืชื—ืงื” ืืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืื–ื”ืจื” ืฉืœ
02:21
of most marine species."
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ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ื”ื™ืžื™ื™ื."
02:23
I didn't think about that much at the time,
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ืœื ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืขืœ ื–ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ,
02:25
and it wasn't until the next three fatal shark attacks happened,
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ื•ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืขื“ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืชืงื™ืคื•ืช ืงื˜ืœื ื™ื•ืช ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ,
02:29
and it caused me to think,
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ื•ื–ื” ื’ืจื ืœื™ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘,
02:30
maybe there's some merit to this idea.
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ืื•ืœื™ ื™ืฉ ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ืจืขื™ื• ื”ื–ื”.
02:33
And I turned to the web
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ื•ืคื ื™ืชื™ ืœืจืฉืช
02:34
to see if there might be some clues.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืจืื•ืช ืื ื™ืฉ ืื•ืœื™ ืจืžื–ื™ื.
02:36
And it turns out the web is awash
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ื•ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉื”ืจืฉืช ืžืœืื”
02:39
with this sort of evidence that supports
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ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื ื›ืืœื• ืฉืœ ืจืื™ื•ืช ืฉืชื•ืžื›ื•ืช
02:41
this sort of thinking.
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ื‘ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืžืกื•ื’ ื–ื”.
02:42
So biologically, there are plenty of species
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ืื– ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช, ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื™ื ื™ื
02:44
that display banding or patterns, warning patterns,
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ืฉืžืฆื™ื’ื™ื ืคืกื™ื ืื• ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช, ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืื–ื”ืจื”,
02:47
to either be cryptical in the water
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ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืกืชื•ื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ื
02:49
or warn against being attacked,
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ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชื’ื•ื ืŸ ืžืคื ื™ ืžืชืงืคื•ืช,
02:51
not the least of which is the pilot fish
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ื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ื ื“ื’ ื”ื ื•ื•ื˜
02:53
which spends a big slab of its life
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ืฉืžื‘ืœื” ื—ืœืง ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื—ื™ื™ื•
02:56
around the business end of a shark.
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ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืจื™ืฉ.
02:58
On the human side, Walter Starck, an oceanographer,
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ืžื”ืฆื“ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™, ื•ื•ืœื˜ืจ ืกื˜ืืจืง, ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ื’ืจืฃ,
03:01
has been painting his wetsuit since the 1970s,
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ืฆื‘ืข ืืช ื—ืœื™ืคืช ื”ืฆืœื™ืœื” ืฉืœื• ืžืื– ืฉื ื•ืช ื”70,
03:04
and anthropologically,
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ื•ืื ื˜ืจื•ืคื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช,
03:05
Pacific island tribes painted themselves in bands
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ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื ืžื”ืื™ื™ื ื”ืคืกื™ืคื™ื™ื ืฆื‘ืขื• ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื‘ืคืกื™ื
03:09
in a sea snake ceremony
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ื‘ื˜ืงืก ื ื—ืฉ ื”ื™ื
03:11
to ward off the shark god.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืจื—ื™ืง ืืช ืืœ ื”ื›ืจื™ืฉ.
03:13
So what's going on here?
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ืื– ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ื›ืืŸ?
03:15
Is this an idea lying wide out in the open
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ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืฉื•ื›ื‘ ื’ืœื•ื™
03:18
for us to consider and define?
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื ืฉืงื•ืœ ื•ื ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื•?
03:21
We know that sharks use a range of sensors
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉืœื›ืจื™ืฉื™ื ื™ืฉ ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ืฉื ื™ื
03:25
when they engage, particularly for attack,
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ื›ืฉื”ื ืžืชืงืจื‘ื™ื, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืœืชืงื™ืคื”,
03:29
but the sight sensor is the one that they use
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ืื‘ืœ ื—ื•ืฉ ื”ืจืื™ื” ื”ื•ื ื–ื” ื‘ื• ื”ื ืฉืžืชืžืฉื™ื
03:31
to identify the target, and particularly
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžื˜ืจื”, ื•ืœื™ื™ืชืจ ื“ื™ื•ืง
03:32
in the last number of meters before the attack.
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ื‘ืžื˜ืจื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืชืงื™ืคื”.
03:36
It makes sense to pay attention to the biological anecdote
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ื–ื” ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ ืœืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืœืื ืงื“ื•ื˜ื” ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช
03:39
because that's time-tested evolution
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื–ื” ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื” ืฉื ื‘ื“ืงื” ืขื ื”ื–ืžืŸ
03:41
over many millennia.
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ืžืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉื ื™ื.
03:43
But isn't human anecdote also an evolution of sorts,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืื ื”ืื ืงื“ื•ื˜ื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืœื ืžืขื™ืŸ ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื”,
03:47
the idea that there's a kernel of truth
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ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืืžืช
03:48
thought to be important,
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ืฉื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘,
03:50
passed down from generation to generation,
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ืฉืžื•ืขื‘ืจ ืžื“ื•ืจ ืœื“ื•ืจ,
03:53
so that it actually ends up shaping human behavior?
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ืื– ื–ื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžืขืฆื‘ ืืช ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ?
03:57
I wanted to test this idea.
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ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”.
03:58
I wanted to put some science
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ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืงืฆืช ืžื“ืข
03:59
to this anecdotal evidence,
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ืœืจืื™ื•ืช ื”ืื ืงื“ื•ื˜ื™ื•ืช.
04:02
because if science could support this concept,
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื ื”ืžื“ืข ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”,
04:04
then we might have at least part of the solution
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ืื– ืื•ืœื™ ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ืคื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ื—ืœืงื™
04:06
to shark attack right under our very nose.
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ืœื”ืชืงืคื•ืช ื›ืจื™ืฉื™ื ืžืžืฉ ืžืชื—ืช ืœืืคื ื•.
04:09
To do that, I needed some experts
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”, ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ื›ืžื” ืžืžื•ืžื—ื™ื
04:11
in shark vision and shark neurology,
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ื‘ืจืื™ื™ืช ื›ืจื™ืฉื™ื ื•ื ื•ืจื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื›ืจื™ืฉื™ื,
04:13
and a worldwide search, again,
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ื•ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืขื•ืœืžื™, ืฉื•ื‘,
04:14
led to the University of W.A.
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ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช W.A.
04:16
on the doorstep here, with the Oceans Institute.
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ืขืœ ืžืคืชืŸ ื“ืœืชื ื• ืคื”, ืขื ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืกื™ื.
04:18
And professor Nathan Hart and his team
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ื•ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจ ื ืชืŸ ื”ืืจื˜ ื•ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœื•
04:21
had just written a paper which tells us,
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ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืชื‘ื• ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืžืกืคืจืช ืœื ื•,
04:23
confirms that predatory sharks see
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ืžืืฉืจืช ืฉื›ืจื™ืฉื™ื ื˜ื•ืจืคื™ื ืจื•ืื™ื
04:26
in black and white, or grayscale.
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ื‘ืฉื—ื•ืจ ื•ืœื‘ืŸ, ืื• ืืคื•ืจ.
04:29
So I called up Nathan,
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ืื– ื”ืชืงืฉืจืชื™ ืœื ืชืŸ,
04:31
a little bit sheepishly, actually, about this idea
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ืžืขื˜ ื‘ื—ืฉืฉ, ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืœืจืขื™ื•ืŸ
04:32
that maybe we could use these patterns and shapes
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ืฉืื•ืœื™ ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ื”ืืœื• ื•ื‘ืฆื•ืจื•ืช
04:34
to produce a wetsuit to try and mitigate the risk of shark attack,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื—ืœื™ืคืช ืฆืœื™ืœื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœืžื ื•ืข ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืชืงื™ืคืช ื›ืจื™ืฉื™ื,
04:38
and fortunately, he thought that was a good idea.
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ื•ืœืžื–ืœื™, ื”ื•ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘.
04:40
So what ensued is a collaborative bit of research
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ืื– ืžื” ืฉืงืจื” ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™
04:42
supported by the West Australian State Government.
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ืฉื ืชืžืš ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืžืฉืœืช ืžืขืจื‘ ืื•ืกื˜ืจืœื™ื”.
04:45
And we did three key things.
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ื•ืขืฉื™ื ื• ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื.
04:48
The first is that we mapped the characteristics,
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ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฉืžื™ืคื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื,
04:50
the physical characteristics of the eyes
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ื”ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืคื™ืกื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื
04:52
of the three main predatory sharks,
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ืฉืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืจื™ืฉื™ื ื˜ื•ืจืคื™ื,
04:54
so the great white, tiger and bull shark.
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ืื– ื”ืขืžืœืฅ ื”ืœื‘ืŸ, ื›ืจื™ืฉ ื”ื˜ื™ื’ืจื™ืก ื•ื›ืจื™ืฉ ื”ืฉื•ืจ.
04:58
We did that genetically
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ืขืฉื™ื ื• ืืช ื–ื” ื’ื ื˜ื™ืช
05:00
and we did that anatomically.
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ื•ืขืฉื™ื ื• ืืช ื–ื” ืื ื˜ื•ืžื™ืช.
05:02
The next thing we did was to understand,
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื‘ื ืฉืขืฉื™ื ื• ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ,
05:04
using complex computer modeling,
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ื™ื,
05:06
what that eye can see
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ืžื” ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืจืื•ืช
05:08
at different depths, distances,
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ืžืขื•ืžืงื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ืžืจื—ืงื™ื,
05:10
light conditions, and water clarity in the ocean.
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ืชื ืื™ ืชืื•ืจื”, ื•ืฆืœื™ืœื•ืช ืžื™ื ื‘ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก.
05:14
And from there, we were able to pinpoint
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ื•ืžืฉื, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืงื‘ื•ืข
05:15
two key characteristics:
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ืฉื ื™ ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื:
05:17
what patterns and shapes would present the wearer
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ืื™ื–ื” ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ื•ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื™ืฆื™ื’ื• ืืช ื”ืœื•ื‘ืฉื™ื
05:20
as hidden or hard to make out in the water, cryptic,
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ื›ื—ื‘ื•ื™ื™ื ืื• ืงืฉื™ื ืœืื‘ื—ื ื” ื‘ืžื™ื,
05:23
and what patterns and shapes might provide
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ื•ืื™ื–ื” ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ื•ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืื•ืœื™ ื™ืกืคืงื•
05:25
the greatest contrast but provide the greatest
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ืืช ื”ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื‘ืœ ืืช
05:27
breakup of profile
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ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืจื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจื•ืคื™ืœ
05:29
so that that person wasn't confused for shark prey
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ืื“ื ืœื ื™ืจืื” ื›ืžื• ืฆื™ื™ื“
05:33
or shark food.
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ืื• ืื•ื›ืœ ืœื›ืจื™ืฉ.
05:35
The next thing we needed to do was to convert this
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื‘ื ืฉื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ืžื™ืจ ืืช ื–ื”
05:37
into wetsuits that people might actually wear,
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ืœื—ืœื™ืคืช ืฆืœื™ืœื” ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื™ืกื›ื™ืžื• ืœืœื‘ื•ืฉ,
05:40
and to that end, I invited Ray Smith,
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ื•ืœื–ื”, ื”ื–ืžื ืชื™ ืืช ืจื™ื™ ืกืžื™ืช',
05:42
a surfer, industrial designer, wetsuit designer,
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ื’ื•ืœืฉ, ืžืขืฆื‘ ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืชื™, ืžืขืฆื‘ ื—ืœื™ืคื•ืช ืฆืœื™ืœื”,
05:46
and in fact the guy that designed the original Quiksilver logo,
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ื•ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืฉืขืฆื‘ ืืช ืœื•ื’ื• ืงื•ื•ื™ืงืกื™ืœื‘ืจ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™,
05:48
to come over and sit with the science team
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ืœื‘ื•ื ื•ืœืฉื‘ืช ืขื ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืžื“ืขื ื™ื
05:50
and interpret that science
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ื•ืœืชืจื’ื ืืช ื”ืžื“ืข
05:54
into aesthetic wetsuits that people might actually wear.
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ืœื—ืœื™ืคื” ืืกื˜ื˜ื™ืช ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืื•ืœื™ ื™ืกื›ื™ืžื• ืœืœื‘ื•ืฉ.
05:57
And here's an example of one of the first drawings.
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ื•ื”ื ื” ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืฉืœ ืื—ื“ ื”ืื™ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื.
06:00
So this is what I call a "don't eat me" wetsuit.
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ืื– ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืงื•ืจื ืœื• ื—ืœื™ืคืช "ืืœ ืชืื›ืœ ืื•ืชื™".
06:03
So this takes that banding idea,
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ืื– ื–ื” ืœื•ืงื— ืืช ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืคืกื™ื,
06:07
takes that banding idea, it's highly visible,
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ืœื•ืงื— ืืช ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืคืกื™ื, ื–ื” ื›ืžืขื˜ ืœื ื ืจืื”,
06:09
provides a highly disruptive profile,
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ื•ืžืกืคืง ืคืจื•ืคื™ืœ ืžืžืฉ ืžื•ืคืจืข,
06:11
and is intended to prevent the shark
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ื•ืžื™ื•ืขื“ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืžื”ื›ืจื™ืฉ
06:13
from considering that you would be ordinary food,
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ืžืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืืชื ืื•ื›ืœ ืจื’ื™ืœ,
06:16
and potentially even create confusion for the shark.
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ื•ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืœื‘ื•ืœ ืœื›ืจื™ืฉ.
06:19
And this one's configured to go with a surfboard.
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ื•ื–ื• ืžื•ืชืืžืช ืœืœื›ืช ืขื ื’ืœืฉืŸ.
06:23
You can see that dark, opaque panel on the front,
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืคืื ืœ ื”ื›ื”ื” ื”ืื˜ื•ื ื”ื”ื•ื ื‘ื—ื–ื™ืช,
06:26
and it's particularly better for the surface,
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ื•ื–ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืœืžืฉื˜ื—,
06:28
where being backlit and providing a silhouette
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ืฉื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืืจ ืžืื—ื•ืจ ื•ืœืกืคืง ืฆืœืœื™ืช
06:31
is problematic.
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ื–ื” ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™.
06:33
Second iteration is the cryptic wetsuit,
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ื”ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ื—ืœื™ืคื” ื”ื ืกืชืจืช,
06:36
or the one which attempts to hide the wearer
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ืื• ื–ื• ืฉืžื ืกื” ืœื”ื—ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืœื•ื‘ืฉ
06:37
in the water column.
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ื‘ืขืžื•ื“ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื.
06:39
There are three panels on this suit,
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ื™ืฉ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืคื ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื—ืœื™ืคื”,
06:41
and in any given conditions,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืฆื‘ ื ืชื•ืŸ,
06:42
one or more of those panels
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ืื—ื“ ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืคื ืœื™ื ื”ืืœื”
06:43
will match the reflective spectra of the water
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ื™ืชืื™ื ืœืกืคืงื˜ืจื•ื ื”ืžื—ื–ื™ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ื
06:46
so as to disappear fully or partially,
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ืขืœื ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืื• ื—ืœืงื™ืช,
06:49
leaving the last panel or panels
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ื•ื™ืฉืื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืคืื ืœ ื”ื ื•ืชืจ ืื• ื”ื ื•ืชืจื™ื
06:51
to create a disruptive profile in the water column.
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ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืคืจื•ืคื™ืœ ืžื•ืคืจืข ื‘ืขืžื•ื“ ื”ืžื™ื.
06:54
And this one's particularly well-suited
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ื•ื–ื” ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืžืชืื™ื
06:56
to the dive configuration,
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ืœืชืฆื•ืจืช ืฆืœื™ืœื”,
06:58
so when you're deeper under the water.
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ืื– ื›ืฉืืชื ืขืžื•ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืชื—ืช ืœืžื™ื.
07:01
So we knew that we had
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ืื– ื™ื“ืขื ื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื•
07:03
some really solid science here.
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ืžื“ืข ืžืžืฉ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืคื”.
07:05
We knew, if you wanted to stand out,
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ื™ื“ืขื ื•, ืฉืื ืจืฆื™ื ื• ืœื”ืชื‘ืœื˜,
07:07
you needed to look stripy,
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืžืคื•ืกืคืกื™ื,
07:08
and we knew if you wanted to be cryptic,
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ื•ื™ื“ืขื ื• ืฉืื ืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ื—ื‘ื•ื™ื™ื,
07:09
you needed to look like this.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ื›ื›ื”.
07:11
But the acid test is always going to be,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช,
07:13
how would sharks really behave
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ืื™ืš ื›ืจื™ืฉื™ื ื‘ืืžืช ื™ืชื ื”ื’ื•
07:14
in the context of these patterns and shapes.
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ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ื•ื”ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืืœื•.
07:17
And testing to simulate a person in a wetsuit
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ื•ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื“ืžื•ืช ืื“ื ื‘ื—ืœื™ืคืช ืฆืœื™ืœื”
07:20
in the water with a predatory shark
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ื‘ืžื™ื ืขื ื›ืจื™ืฉ ื˜ื•ืจืฃ
07:21
in a natural environment
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ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช
07:23
is actually a lot harder than you might think.
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ื–ื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงืฉื” ืžืžื” ืฉืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื.
07:25
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
07:28
So we have to bait the rig,
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ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืฉื™ื ืคื™ืชื™ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืžืชืงืŸ,
07:31
because we need to get the statistical number
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžืกืคืจ ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™
07:32
of samples through to get the scientific evidence,
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ืฉืœ ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืจืื™ื•ืช ืžื“ืขื™ื•ืช,
07:35
and by baiting the rig,
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ื•ื›ืฉืฉืžื™ื ืคืชื™ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืžืชืงืŸ,
07:36
we're obviously changing shark behavior.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืฉื ื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืจื™ืฉื™ื.
07:38
We can't put humans in the water.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉื™ื ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื.
07:40
We're ethically precluded from even using
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื ื•ืขื™ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืืชื™ืช ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ
07:43
humanoid shapes and baiting them up in the water.
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ื‘ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื•ืžื ื•ืื™ื“ื™ื•ืช ื•ืœืฉื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ืคืชื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื™ื.
07:46
But nevertheless, we started the testing process
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ืื‘ืœ ืขื ื–ืืช, ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืืช ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื”
07:48
in January of this year,
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ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ ื”ืฉื ื”,
07:50
initially with tiger sharks
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ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœื” ืขื ื›ืจื™ืฉ ื˜ื™ื’ืจื™ืก
07:51
and subsequently with great white sharks.
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ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืขื ืขืžืœืฆื™ื ืœื‘ื ื™ื.
07:54
The way we did that
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ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ืขืฉื™ื ื• ื–ืืช
07:56
was to get a perforated drum which is full of bait,
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ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืชื•ืฃ ืžื—ื•ืจืจ ืฉืžืœื ื‘ืคืชื™ื•ืŸ,
08:00
wrap it in a neoprene skin,
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ืœืขื˜ื•ืฃ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืขื•ืจ ื ื™ืื•ืคืจืŸ,
08:02
and then run two stereo underwater cameras
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ื•ืื– ืœื”ืจื™ืฅ ืฉืชื™ ืžืฆืœืžื•ืช ืกื˜ืจืื• ืชืช ืžื™ืžื™ื•ืช
08:05
to watch how the shark actually engages with that rig.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฆืคื•ืช ื‘ื›ืจื™ืฉ ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžืชืขืกืง ืขื ื”ืžืชืงืŸ.
08:08
And because we use stereo,
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ื•ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืกื˜ืจืื•,
08:10
we can capture all the statistics on how big the shark is,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืœื›ื•ื“ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ืขืœ ื›ืžื” ื”ื›ืจื™ืฉ ื’ื“ื•ืœ,
08:13
what angle it comes in at, how quickly it leaves,
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ืžืื™ื–ื• ื–ื•ื™ืช ื”ื•ื ื”ื’ื™ืข, ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืจ ื”ื•ื ืขื•ื–ื‘,
08:15
and what its behavior is
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ื•ืžื” ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืฉืœื•
08:17
in an empirical rather than a subjective way.
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ื‘ื“ืจืš ืืžืคื™ืจื™ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืกื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช.
08:20
Because we needed to preserve the scientific method,
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ืžื“ืขื™ืช,
08:22
we ran a control rig
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ื”ืจืฆื ื• ืžืชืงืŸ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช
08:24
which was a black neoprene rig
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ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžืชืงืŸ ื ืื•ืคืจื™ืŸ ืฉื—ื•ืจ
08:28
just like a normal black wetsuit
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ืžืžืฉ ื›ืžื• ื—ืœื™ืคื•ืช ื”ืฆืœื™ืœื” ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจื•ืช
08:30
against the, what we call,
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ืžื•ืœ, ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื•,
08:31
SAMS technology rig.
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ืžืชืงืŸ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” SAMS.
08:33
And the results were not just exciting,
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ื•ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ืœื ืจืง ืžืจื’ืฉื•ืช,
08:36
but very encouraging,
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ืืœื ืžืžืฉ ืžืขื•ื“ื“ื•ืช,
08:37
and today I would like to just give you a snapshot
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ื•ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจืง ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืชืช ืœื›ื ื”ืฆืฆื”
08:40
of two of those engagements.
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ืขืœ ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืžื”ืžืคื’ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
08:44
So here we've got a four-meter tiger shark
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ืื– ื›ืืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื›ืจื™ืฉ ื˜ื™ื’ืจื™ืก ื‘ืื•ืจืš ืืจื‘ืขื” ืžื˜ืจื™ื
08:46
engaging the black control rig,
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ืžืชืขืกืง ืขื ืžืชืงืŸ ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจ,
08:49
which it had encountered about
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ื‘ื• ื”ื•ื ื ืคื’ืฉ ื‘ืขืจืš
08:50
a minute and a half before.
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ื“ืงื” ื•ื—ืฆื™ ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ.
09:11
Now that exact same shark had engaged,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืื•ืชื• ื›ืจื™ืฉ ื”ืชืขืกืง
09:14
or encountered this SAMS rig,
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ืื• ื ืชืงืœ ื‘ืžืชืงืŸ SAMS,
09:16
which is the Elude SAMS rig,
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ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืชืงืŸ ืžื•ืกื•ื•ื” SAMS,
09:17
about eight minutes before,
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ื‘ืขืจืš ืฉืžื•ื ื” ื“ืงื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ,
09:18
and spent six minutes circling it, hunting for it,
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ื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืฉืฉ ื“ืงื•ืช ื‘ื”ืงืคื” ืฉืœื•, ,ืฆื“ ืื•ืชื•,
09:21
looking for what it could smell and sense but not see,
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ืžื—ืคืฉ ืžื” ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืจื™ื— ื•ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืœืจืื•ืช,
09:24
and this was the final engagement.
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ื”ืชืขืกืงื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื”.
09:29
Great white sharks are more confident than the tigers,
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ืขืžืœืฆื™ื ืœื‘ื ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ืžื”ื˜ื™ื’ืจื™ืกื™ื,
09:32
and here you see great white shark
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ื•ื›ืืŸ ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื”ืขืžืœืฅ
09:34
engaging a control rig,
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ืžืชืขืกืง ืขื ืžืชืงืŸ ื”ื‘ืงืจื”,
09:36
so a black neoprene wetsuit,
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ืื– ื—ืœื™ืคืช ื ืื•ืคืจื™ืŸ ืฉื—ื•ืจื”,
09:37
and going straight to the bottom,
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ื•ื”ื•ืœืš ื™ืฉืจ ืœืชื—ืชื™ืช,
09:39
coming up
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ืขื•ืœื” ืœืžืขืœื”
09:42
and engaging.
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ื•ืžืชืขืกืง.
09:46
In contrast to the SAMS technology rig,
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ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืžืชืงืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช SAMS.
09:48
this is the banded one,
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ื–ื” ื”ืžืคื•ืกืคืก,
09:50
where it's more tactile,
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ืฉื ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ืงื˜ื™ืœื™,
09:52
it's more investigative,
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ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ืงืจื ื™,
09:53
it's more apprehensive,
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ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ื“ืื’,
09:55
and shows a reluctance to come straight in and go.
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ื•ืžืจืื” ื—ื•ืกืจ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœื‘ื•ื ื™ืฉืจ ื•ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ.
10:08
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
10:18
So, it's important for us that all the testing is done independently,
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ืื–, ื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื ื• ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืžื‘ื—ื ื™ื ื ืขืฉื™ื ืขืฆืžืื™ืช,
10:22
and the University of W.A. is doing the testing.
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ื•ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืžืขืจื‘ ืื•ืกื˜ืจืœื™ื” ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช.
10:25
It'll be an ongoing process.
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ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžืชืžืฉืš.
10:26
It's subject to peer review and subject to publication.
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ื–ื” ื ืชื•ืŸ ืœื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืขืžื™ืชื™ื ื•ื›ืคื•ืฃ ืœืคืจืกื•ืžื™ื.
10:29
It's so important that this concept
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ื–ื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”
10:31
is led with the science.
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ืžื•ื‘ืœ ืขื ื”ืžื“ืข.
10:33
From the perspective of Shark Attack Mitigation Systems,
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ืžื”ืคืจืกืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžื ื™ืขืช ืชืงื™ืคื•ืช ื›ืจื™ืฉื™ื,
10:35
we're a biotechnology licensing company,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื‘ืจืช ืจืฉื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”,
10:38
so we don't make wetsuits ourselves.
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ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ืœื™ืคื•ืช ื‘ืขืฆืžื ื•.
10:40
We'll license others to do that.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื™ืชืŸ ืจืฉื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”.
10:42
But I thought you might be interested
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ืื‘ืœ ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉืื•ืœื™ ืชืชืขื ื™ื™ื ื•
10:43
in seeing what SAMS technology looks like
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ื‘ืœืจืื•ืช ืื™ืš ื ืจืื™ืช ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ืช SAMS
10:45
embedded in a wetsuit, and to that end,
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ืžื•ื˜ืžืขืช ื‘ื—ืœื™ืคืช ืฆืœื™ืœื”, ื•ืœื–ื”,
10:48
for the first time, live, worldwide --
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ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ื—ื™, ื‘ืขื•ืœื --
10:51
(Laughter) โ€”
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง) --
10:53
I can show you what biological adaptation,
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ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื›ื ืื™ืš ื”ืชืืžื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช,
10:56
science and design looks like in real life.
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ืžื“ืข ื•ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื ืจืื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื.
11:00
So I can welcome Sam, the surfer,
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ืื– ืื ื™ ืื–ืžื™ืŸ ืืช ืกืื, ื”ื’ื•ืœืฉ,
11:02
from this side. Where are you, Sam?
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ืžื”ืฆื“, ืื™ืคื” ืืชื” ืกืื?
11:04
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
11:06
And Eduardo.
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ื•ืื“ื•ืืจื“ื•.
11:08
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
11:10
Cheers, mate.
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ื”ื™ื™, ื—ื‘ืจ.
11:12
Cheers.
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ื”ื™ื™.
11:14
Thanks, gentlemen. (Applause)
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ืชื•ื“ื”, ื‘ื—ื•ืจื™ื. (ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
11:21
So what have we done here?
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ืื– ืžื” ืขืฉื™ื ื• ืคื”?
11:22
Well, to my mind, rather than take a blank sheet
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืœื“ืขืชื™, ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืงื—ืช ื“ืฃ ืœื‘ืŸ
11:25
and use science as a tool for invention,
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ื•ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื“ืข ื›ื›ืœื™ ืœื”ืžืฆืื”,
11:29
we've paid attention to the biological evidence,
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ืฉืžื ื• ืœื‘ ืœืจืื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช,
11:32
we've put importance to the
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ืฉืžื ื• ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ
11:33
human anecdotal evidence,
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ื”ืจืื™ื•ืช ื”ืื ืงื“ื•ื˜ืœื™ื•ืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืช,
11:35
and we've used science as a tool
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ื•ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื ื• ื‘ืžื“ืข ื›ื›ืœื™
11:38
for translation,
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ืœืชืจื’ื•ื,
11:40
translation of something that was already there
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ืชืจื’ื•ื ืฉืœ ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื” ืฉื
11:42
into something that we can use for the benefit of mankind.
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ืœืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื• ืœืชื•ืขืœืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช.
11:45
And it strikes me that this idea of science
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ื•ื ืจืื” ืœื™ ืฉื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžื“ืข
11:47
as a tool for translation rather than invention
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ื›ื›ืœื™ ืœืชืจื’ื•ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ืžืฆืื”
11:50
is one that we can apply much more widely than this
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ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืœื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืžื–ื”
11:53
in the pursuit of innovation.
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ื‘ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืื—ืจ ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช.
11:55
After all, did the Wright brothers
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ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื›ืœ, ื”ืื ื”ืื—ื™ื ืจื™ื™ื˜
11:57
discover manned flight,
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ื’ื™ืœื• ืืช ื”ื˜ื™ืกื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช,
11:59
or did they observe the biological fact of flight
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ืื• ืฉื”ื ื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื• ื‘ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžืขื•ืฃ
12:02
and translate that mechanically, replicate it
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ื•ืชืจื’ืžื• ืืช ื–ื” ืžื›ืื ื™ืช, ืฉื™ื›ืคืœื• ืื•ืชื•
12:06
in a way that humans could use?
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ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”?
12:08
As for the humble wetsuit,
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ื•ื‘ืืฉืจ ืœื—ืœื™ืคืช ื”ืฆืœื™ืœื” ื”ืฆื ื•ืขื”,
12:10
who knows what oceanwear will look like
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ืžื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืื™ืš ื™ืจืื• ื—ืœื™ืคื•ืช ืœื™ื
12:12
in two years' time, in five years' time
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื
12:15
or in 50 years' time, but with this new thinking,
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ืื• ื‘ืขื•ื“ 50 ืฉื ื”, ืื‘ืœ ืขื ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ื”ื–ื•,
12:18
I'm guessing there's a fair chance
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ืื ื™ ืžื ื—ืฉ ืฉื™ืฉ ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘
12:19
it won't be pure black.
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ืฉื”ื ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื ืœื’ืžืจื™.
12:21
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื.
12:23
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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