A shark-deterrent wetsuit (and it's not what you think) | Hamish Jolly
405,551 views ・ 2014-04-23
請雙擊下方英文字幕播放視頻。
譯者: Neoh Yi Yuan
審譯者: NAN-KUN WU
00:13
Scientific breakthrough,
0
13202
1509
科學突破
00:14
the kind that can potentially save lives,
1
14711
2613
有機會拯救生命
00:17
can sometimes be lying right out in the open
2
17324
2064
它有時會徹底地敞開大門
00:19
for us to discover,
3
19388
1562
等待我們去探索
00:20
in the evolved, accumulated body
4
20950
2206
並逐步累積
00:23
of human anecdote, for example,
5
23156
2592
形成人類趣事軼聞的本身
00:25
or in the time-tested adaptations
6
25748
2026
或者我們可以藉由觀察周圍
00:27
that we observe in the natural world around us.
7
27774
3462
自然界的物競天擇來理解它
00:31
Science starts with observation,
8
31236
2620
科學始於觀察
00:33
but the trick is to identify the patterns and signatures
9
33856
3396
而觀察的訣竅在於
00:37
that we might otherwise dismiss
10
37252
1945
辨別那些我們過去曾視為神話或巧合
00:39
as myth or coincidence,
11
39197
1867
而忽略的圖案和標誌
00:41
isolate them, and test them with scientific rigor.
12
41064
3853
我們將隔離這些線索
運用嚴謹的科學方法加以驗證
00:44
And when we do, the results will often surprise.
13
44917
4058
並經常會得到意想不到的結果。
00:48
Western Australia has had a particular problem
14
48975
1880
過去三年間,在澳大利亞西部
00:50
with shark attacks over the last three years,
15
50855
3215
不時發生鯊魚襲擊事件
00:54
unfortunately and tragically culminating
16
54070
2181
不幸的是,
00:56
in five fatal shark attacks in a 10-month period
17
56251
3080
在短短的10個月中,共發生了五起
00:59
during that time.
18
59331
1760
鯊魚襲擊而致命的事件。
01:01
But Western Australia is not alone in this.
19
61091
2129
然而,澳大利亞西部並不是
唯一飽受鯊魚困擾的地區
01:03
The incident of shark engagements on humans
20
63220
2905
鯊魚襲擊人類的問題
01:06
is escalating worldwide.
21
66125
2344
在全世界不斷惡化
01:08
And so it's not surprising, perhaps,
22
68469
1744
或許這已不足為奇
01:10
that in July of this year,
23
70213
1643
就在今年七月
01:11
Shark Attack Mitigation Systems in collaboration
24
71856
2479
鯊魚攻擊緩解系統
與西澳大學海洋學會合作
01:14
with the University of Western
Australia Oceans Institute
25
74335
3064
01:17
made an announcement which captured the attention
26
77399
2774
並發出通告
引起全球媒體和海洋使用者
01:20
of the worldwide media and of ocean users
27
80173
2236
01:22
worldwide,
28
82409
1791
廣泛關注
01:24
and that was around the development of technology
29
84200
1731
這則通告是有關一項正在發展的新技術
01:25
to mitigate or reduce the risk of shark attack
30
85931
2641
藉由鯊魚視覺的理論
01:28
based on the science of what sharks can see.
31
88572
3148
可減輕被鯊魚襲擊的風險
01:31
And I have for you today
32
91720
1589
今天,我將與大家分享
01:33
the story of that journey,
33
93309
1867
此項技術的研發歷程
01:35
but also the notion that science can be
34
95176
2340
以及闡述一個觀念,那就是
01:37
as powerful as a translator
35
97516
2465
科學在發明的過程中
01:39
as it can be for invention.
36
99981
3359
具有強大的影響力
當我們開始這項研究
是在三年前
01:43
When we began this process,
37
103340
1706
01:45
we were looking, it was about three years ago,
38
105046
3182
當我們開始這項研究
是在三年前
01:48
and we'd just had the first two fatal shark attacks
39
108228
3422
當時,在澳大利亞西部
首次發生兩起鯊魚襲擊致命事件
當時,在澳大利亞西部
首次發生兩起鯊魚襲擊致命事件
01:51
in Western Australia,
40
111650
1771
01:53
and by chance, in a previous role,
41
113421
2207
在偶然的機會下,由於之前的工作
01:55
I happened to be having dinner with Harry Butler.
42
115628
2923
我碰巧與哈利•巴特勒共進晚餐
01:58
Now Harry Butler, who most Australians
would know is a famous naturalist,
43
118551
3707
如今,哈利•巴特勒已是
澳大利亞赫赫有名的博物學家
02:02
had spent a lot of time in the marine environment.
44
122258
2335
他大部分時間都在研究海洋環境
02:04
Harry Butler is a precursor, if you like,
45
124593
2106
如果你願意,也可以說
哈利•巴特勒是海洋領域的先驅
02:06
to the late Steve Irwin.
46
126699
1911
是史蒂夫•歐文的先輩
02:08
When I asked him about
47
128610
1311
02:09
what the solution to the problem might be,
48
129921
3298
當我問他
該如何解決鯊魚襲擊問題
當我問他
該如何解決鯊魚襲擊問題
02:13
the answer was quite surprising.
49
133219
1512
他的回答太出人意料了
02:14
He said, "Take a black wetsuit,
50
134731
1875
他說,“穿一件黑色泳衣
02:16
band it in yellow stripes like a bumblebee,
51
136606
2765
泳衣上印有黃色條紋,看起來就像大黃蜂
02:19
and you'll be mimicking the warning systems
52
139371
2288
那麼,你將偽裝成大部分海洋生物的
02:21
of most marine species."
53
141659
2309
警示系統
02:23
I didn't think about that much at the time,
54
143968
1898
那時我也沒多想
02:25
and it wasn't until the next three
fatal shark attacks happened,
55
145866
3590
直到接下來發生三起鯊魚襲擊致命事件
02:29
and it caused me to think,
56
149456
1434
02:30
maybe there's some merit to this idea.
57
150890
2131
我不禁想
也許這個想法是有價值的
我不禁想
也許這個想法是有價值的
02:33
And I turned to the web
58
153021
1465
我打開網頁
02:34
to see if there might be some clues.
59
154486
2255
試圖尋找一些線索
02:36
And it turns out the web is awash
60
156741
2277
結果網路上充斥著
02:39
with this sort of evidence that supports
61
159018
2396
支持這種想法的證據
02:41
this sort of thinking.
62
161414
1562
02:42
So biologically, there are plenty of species
63
162976
1984
在生物界,有大量物種
02:44
that display banding or patterns, warning patterns,
64
164960
2596
身體上有條紋、圖案或警示圖案
02:47
to either be cryptical in the water
65
167556
1702
有的可以在水中隱身
02:49
or warn against being attacked,
66
169258
2584
有的可以預防襲擊
02:51
not the least of which is the pilot fish
67
171842
2113
其中一個具體的例子是舟鰤
02:53
which spends a big slab of its life
68
173955
2156
這種魚在生命裡的大部分時間
02:56
around the business end of a shark.
69
176111
2279
吸附在鯊魚的尾端
02:58
On the human side, Walter Starck, an oceanographer,
70
178390
3091
在人類方面,海洋學家沃爾特•斯塔克
03:01
has been painting his wetsuit since the 1970s,
71
181481
2862
自1970年代以來,一直在設計泳衣圖案
03:04
and anthropologically,
72
184343
1622
而在人類學上
03:05
Pacific island tribes painted themselves in bands
73
185965
3630
太平洋島嶼部落人在海蛇儀式上
03:09
in a sea snake ceremony
74
189595
1781
將身體上繪上條狀圖案
03:11
to ward off the shark god.
75
191376
2594
以避開鯊神
03:13
So what's going on here?
76
193970
1442
所以,發生什麼事?
03:15
Is this an idea lying wide out in the open
77
195412
2878
這就是所謂的
引發我們思考和探索的觀點嗎?
03:18
for us to consider and define?
78
198290
3131
這就是所謂的
引發我們思考和探索的觀點嗎?
03:21
We know that sharks use a range of sensors
79
201421
4369
眾所周知,鯊魚在水中活動時
會使用一系列感覺器官
03:25
when they engage, particularly for attack,
80
205790
3372
尤其是在發起攻擊時
03:29
but the sight sensor is the one that they use
81
209162
1960
但是牠們主要使用視覺感受器
03:31
to identify the target, and particularly
82
211122
1564
以確定攻擊目標的位置
03:32
in the last number of meters before the attack.
83
212686
3734
特別是在距離攻擊物件只有數米時
03:36
It makes sense to pay attention
to the biological anecdote
84
216420
2958
從生物學角度研究問題,是在情理之中
03:39
because that's time-tested evolution
85
219378
1852
因為物競天擇論
03:41
over many millennia.
86
221230
2473
經歷數千年來的驗證
03:43
But isn't human anecdote also an evolution of sorts,
87
223703
3477
但是,人類的進化也屬於生物進化論範疇
03:47
the idea that there's a kernel of truth
88
227180
1731
這一觀點蘊含著真理的精髓
03:48
thought to be important,
89
228911
1592
至關重要
03:50
passed down from generation to generation,
90
230503
3285
人類經驗經過代代相傳
03:53
so that it actually ends up shaping human behavior?
91
233788
3315
是否這最終也左右著人類的行為?
03:57
I wanted to test this idea.
92
237103
1660
我想驗證這一觀點
03:58
I wanted to put some science
93
238763
1218
我想將傳聞式的證據
更加科學化
03:59
to this anecdotal evidence,
94
239981
2336
我想將傳聞式的證據
更加科學化
04:02
because if science could support this concept,
95
242317
1956
因為如果科學支持這一概念
04:04
then we might have at least part of the solution
96
244273
2095
至少我們很可能會找到鯊魚襲擊的
部分解決之道
04:06
to shark attack right under our very nose.
97
246368
3058
不能讓近在眼前的機會溜走
04:09
To do that, I needed some experts
98
249426
1795
為了實現這一點,我需要求助於一些專家
04:11
in shark vision and shark neurology,
99
251221
1853
這些專家最好諳熟於鯊魚視覺和神經系統
04:13
and a worldwide search, again,
100
253074
1809
並且需要開展一次世界性的研究
04:14
led to the University of W.A.
101
254883
1439
這又回到了西澳大學海洋研究所
04:16
on the doorstep here, with the Oceans Institute.
102
256322
2403
這又回到了西澳大學海洋研究所
04:18
And professor Nathan Hart and his team
103
258725
2597
南森•哈特教授和他的團隊
04:21
had just written a paper which tells us,
104
261322
2660
那時剛剛發表了一篇論文
04:23
confirms that predatory sharks see
105
263982
2352
證實了食肉鯊的視覺系統
04:26
in black and white, or grayscale.
106
266334
2863
為黑白模式,或者說灰階模式
04:29
So I called up Nathan,
107
269197
1803
於是我就打電話給南森
04:31
a little bit sheepishly, actually, about this idea
108
271000
1866
事實上,他對這個想法感到有些羞怯
04:32
that maybe we could use these patterns and shapes
109
272866
1881
也許我們可以利用這些圖案和形狀
04:34
to produce a wetsuit to try and
mitigate the risk of shark attack,
110
274747
3506
設計出一套能降低
被鯊魚襲擊風險的潛水服
04:38
and fortunately, he thought that was a good idea.
111
278253
2172
幸運的是,他認為這個主意很棒
04:40
So what ensued is a collaborative bit of research
112
280425
2462
隨後我們的研究獲得了
04:42
supported by the West Australian State Government.
113
282887
2624
西澳洲政府的協助
04:45
And we did three key things.
114
285511
2559
我們一起完成了三項重要工作
04:48
The first is that we mapped the characteristics,
115
288070
2720
第一項,我們測定特性
04:50
the physical characteristics of the eyes
116
290790
2020
確定鯊魚眼睛的物理特性
04:52
of the three main predatory sharks,
117
292810
1938
研究物件為三種主要的食肉鯊
04:54
so the great white, tiger and bull shark.
118
294748
3718
即大白鯊、虎鯊和牛鯊
04:58
We did that genetically
119
298466
1554
我們進行了遺傳學
05:00
and we did that anatomically.
120
300020
2900
以及解剖學研究
05:02
The next thing we did was to understand,
121
302920
1842
第二項,採用複雜的電腦類比技術弄清
05:04
using complex computer modeling,
122
304762
1435
05:06
what that eye can see
123
306197
2054
鯊魚的眼睛能看到的事物
05:08
at different depths, distances,
124
308251
1769
包括在不同深度、距離
05:10
light conditions, and water clarity in the ocean.
125
310020
4241
光線狀況、透明度的海水中
05:14
And from there, we were able to pinpoint
126
314261
1190
通過以上研究,我們能夠確定
05:15
two key characteristics:
127
315451
1800
兩個關鍵特性:
05:17
what patterns and shapes would present the wearer
128
317251
3033
什麼樣圖案和形狀的泳衣能夠使穿著者
05:20
as hidden or hard to make out in the water, cryptic,
129
320284
3232
在水中隱身或者比較模糊,難以被鯊魚認出
05:23
and what patterns and shapes might provide
130
323516
1496
什麼樣的圖案和形狀可能會產生
05:25
the greatest contrast but provide the greatest
131
325012
2921
最大的對比度,但是可以極大地
05:27
breakup of profile
132
327933
1457
分裂人的外觀
05:29
so that that person wasn't confused for shark prey
133
329390
3644
這樣人就不會被誤當作鯊魚的獵物
05:33
or shark food.
134
333034
2353
或鯊魚的食物
05:35
The next thing we needed to do was to convert this
135
335387
2192
第三項,我們需要將這種想法
05:37
into wetsuits that people might actually wear,
136
337579
2749
體現在人可以穿著的泳衣中
05:40
and to that end, I invited Ray Smith,
137
340328
2622
為了達此目的,我邀請了雷•史密斯
05:42
a surfer, industrial designer, wetsuit designer,
138
342950
3230
他是一名衝浪運動員、工業設計師
和潛水服設計師
05:46
and in fact the guy that designed
the original Quiksilver logo,
139
346180
2362
事實上,是他設計了最初的Quiksilver徽標
05:48
to come over and sit with the science team
140
348542
2285
很榮幸,他應邀加入科學團隊
05:50
and interpret that science
141
350827
3596
並將科技
05:54
into aesthetic wetsuits that
people might actually wear.
142
354423
3142
引入供人穿著的漂亮的潛水服
05:57
And here's an example of one of the first drawings.
143
357565
2456
這裡便是其中一張最初的設計圖
06:00
So this is what I call a "don't eat me" wetsuit.
144
360021
3004
我稱其為“別吃我”潛水服
06:03
So this takes that banding idea,
145
363025
4269
這款潛水服沿襲了條紋圖案設計理念
06:07
takes that banding idea, it's highly visible,
146
367294
2586
這種理念可以使泳衣高度可視
06:09
provides a highly disruptive profile,
147
369880
2005
製造出一種極度分裂的視覺形象
06:11
and is intended to prevent the shark
148
371885
1827
這樣設計的目的是為了防止鯊魚
06:13
from considering that you would be ordinary food,
149
373712
2668
認為你可能是普通的食物
06:16
and potentially even create confusion for the shark.
150
376380
3346
甚至可能會攪亂鯊魚的視覺
06:19
And this one's configured to go with a surfboard.
151
379726
3775
這一款潛水服專門為衝浪運動而設計
06:23
You can see that dark, opaque panel on the front,
152
383501
2613
你可以看到前面深暗、不透明的色塊
06:26
and it's particularly better for the surface,
153
386114
2727
這樣的表面特別有效
06:28
where being backlit and providing a silhouette
154
388841
2848
因為背光而顯現出來的輪廓
會是一個大問題
06:31
is problematic.
155
391689
1612
因為背光而顯現出來的輪廓
會是一個大問題
06:33
Second iteration is the cryptic wetsuit,
156
393301
2908
接下來值得一提的保護色潛水服
06:36
or the one which attempts to hide the wearer
157
396209
1611
這種潛水服可以把潛水夫隱藏在
水層中
06:37
in the water column.
158
397820
1490
這種潛水服可以把潛水夫隱藏在
水層中
06:39
There are three panels on this suit,
159
399310
1690
潛水服上鑲有三色散光片
06:41
and in any given conditions,
160
401000
1624
無論在何種情形下
06:42
one or more of those panels
161
402624
1355
一片或更多的散光片
06:43
will match the reflective spectra of the water
162
403979
2590
具有與水層同樣的反射光譜
06:46
so as to disappear fully or partially,
163
406569
2599
這樣就會全部或部分隱藏
06:49
leaving the last panel or panels
164
409168
2192
而其餘的散光板
06:51
to create a disruptive profile in the water column.
165
411360
2887
則可以在水層中形成模糊的輪廓
06:54
And this one's particularly well-suited
166
414247
2165
而這一款專門為
06:56
to the dive configuration,
167
416412
2447
潛水者設計
06:58
so when you're deeper under the water.
168
418859
3068
非常適合在深水中穿著
07:01
So we knew that we had
169
421927
1710
說到這裡,大家便清楚
07:03
some really solid science here.
170
423637
1770
我們的潛水服建立在嚴謹的科學基礎之上
07:05
We knew, if you wanted to stand out,
171
425407
1626
我們清楚,如果想穿出與眾不同的感覺
07:07
you needed to look stripy,
172
427033
1172
需要採用條紋狀設計
07:08
and we knew if you wanted to be cryptic,
173
428205
1424
如果想要獲得安全隱蔽的保護
07:09
you needed to look like this.
174
429629
1552
你需要穿成這樣
07:11
But the acid test is always going to be,
175
431181
1826
但是,還要經得起嚴峻的考驗
07:13
how would sharks really behave
176
433007
1332
如果鯊魚看到這些圖案和條紋
07:14
in the context of these patterns and shapes.
177
434339
2731
牠們會作何反應
07:17
And testing to simulate a person in a wetsuit
178
437070
3311
讓模擬人穿著潛水服
07:20
in the water with a predatory shark
179
440381
1548
與食肉鯊一起
07:21
in a natural environment
180
441929
1366
在天然的水下環境中進行測試
07:23
is actually a lot harder than you might think.
181
443295
1952
比你想象的要難得多。
07:25
(Laughter)
182
445247
3351
(笑聲......)
07:28
So we have to bait the rig,
183
448598
2566
我們必須以裝備作為誘餌
07:31
because we need to get the statistical number
184
451164
1544
因為我們需要得到樣品的各項資料
07:32
of samples through to get the scientific evidence,
185
452708
3024
以此獲得科學證據
07:35
and by baiting the rig,
186
455732
789
使用裝備做誘餌
07:36
we're obviously changing shark behavior.
187
456521
2229
顯然改變了鯊魚的行為
07:38
We can't put humans in the water.
188
458750
1817
我們不能把活人放入水中
07:40
We're ethically precluded from even using
189
460567
2886
從倫理上講,我們甚至排除把人形物體
07:43
humanoid shapes and baiting them up in the water.
190
463453
2647
放入水中做誘餌
07:46
But nevertheless, we started the testing process
191
466100
2272
儘管如此,我們還是於今年一月份
07:48
in January of this year,
192
468372
1848
著手進行測試
07:50
initially with tiger sharks
193
470220
1136
最初採用虎鯊做試驗
隨後是大白鯊
07:51
and subsequently with great white sharks.
194
471356
3339
最初採用虎鯊做試驗
隨後是大白鯊
07:54
The way we did that
195
474695
1435
我們的方法是
07:56
was to get a perforated drum which is full of bait,
196
476130
4755
將一個盛滿誘餌的帶孔鼓
08:00
wrap it in a neoprene skin,
197
480885
1896
包進氯丁橡膠皮內
08:02
and then run two stereo underwater cameras
198
482781
2563
並設置兩架水下立體攝影機
08:05
to watch how the shark
actually engages with that rig.
199
485344
3349
以記錄鯊魚是如何撕咬試驗裝備的
08:08
And because we use stereo,
200
488693
1688
由於採用了立體攝像機
08:10
we can capture all the statistics
on how big the shark is,
201
490381
2792
我們就能夠捕獲關於鯊魚的各項資料
08:13
what angle it comes in at, how quickly it leaves,
202
493173
2256
包含鯊魚以什麼角度攻擊、離開的速度等
08:15
and what its behavior is
203
495429
1856
這樣,鯊魚的行為
08:17
in an empirical rather than a subjective way.
204
497285
3206
就可以通過觀察而非主觀的方式判定
08:20
Because we needed to
preserve the scientific method,
205
500491
2488
因為我們需要以科學方法為依據
08:22
we ran a control rig
206
502979
1698
試驗採用的控制裝備
08:24
which was a black neoprene rig
207
504677
3712
由黑色氯丁橡膠製成
08:28
just like a normal black wetsuit
208
508389
1809
就像平常的黑色潛水服
08:30
against the, what we call,
209
510198
1479
裝備採用的技術稱之為
08:31
SAMS technology rig.
210
511677
2128
SAMS技術
08:33
And the results were not just exciting,
211
513805
2728
最終的試驗結果不僅令人興奮
更是大大地鼓舞了我們
08:36
but very encouraging,
212
516533
1438
最終的試驗結果不僅令人興奮
更是大大地鼓舞了我們
08:37
and today I would like to just give you a snapshot
213
517971
2548
現在我將以快照的形式
08:40
of two of those engagements.
214
520519
3662
向大家展示兩次鯊魚襲擊時的剪影
08:44
So here we've got a four-meter tiger shark
215
524181
2120
這條身長四米的虎鯊
08:46
engaging the black control rig,
216
526301
3087
正在攻擊黑色控制裝備
08:49
which it had encountered about
217
529388
1341
它第一次發現裝備大約在
08:50
a minute and a half before.
218
530729
3960
一分半鐘之前
09:11
Now that exact same shark had engaged,
219
551780
2430
現在畫面中的鯊魚與前面提到的是同一條
09:14
or encountered this SAMS rig,
220
554210
1830
它首次發現這個
09:16
which is the Elude SAMS rig,
221
556040
1612
Elude SAMS裝備
09:17
about eight minutes before,
222
557652
1179
大約在八分鐘之前
09:18
and spent six minutes circling it, hunting for it,
223
558831
3143
這只鯊魚與裝備周旋了六分鐘
09:21
looking for what it could
smell and sense but not see,
224
561974
2805
試圖搜尋、嗅出些什麼來
但是牠無法看到裝備
09:24
and this was the final engagement.
225
564779
2472
這是最後一次鯊魚糾纏裝備
09:29
Great white sharks are more
confident than the tigers,
226
569734
2953
大白鯊比虎鯊顯得更自信
09:32
and here you see great white shark
227
572687
2048
這裡便是一條大白鯊
09:34
engaging a control rig,
228
574735
1407
正在糾纏控制裝備
09:36
so a black neoprene wetsuit,
229
576142
1833
黑色的氯丁橡膠潛水服
09:37
and going straight to the bottom,
230
577975
1584
垂直下降
09:39
coming up
231
579559
2551
又上來了
09:42
and engaging.
232
582110
3037
又一次撕咬
09:46
In contrast to the SAMS technology rig,
233
586257
2683
與採用SAMS技術的裝備相比
09:48
this is the banded one,
234
588940
1469
這套裝備採用條紋狀設計
09:50
where it's more tactile,
235
590409
1941
更易感知
09:52
it's more investigative,
236
592350
1510
更便於研究
09:53
it's more apprehensive,
237
593860
1634
也更易於理解
09:55
and shows a reluctance to come straight in and go.
238
595494
4005
看,鯊魚不情願靠近,轉身離去
10:08
(Applause)
239
608297
7303
(掌聲)
10:18
So, it's important for us that all
the testing is done independently,
240
618601
4276
所有測試均獨立進行
這一點對我們來說尤為重要
10:22
and the University of W.A. is doing the testing.
241
622877
2318
負責測試的是西澳大學
10:25
It'll be an ongoing process.
242
625195
1752
這是一個持續不斷的過程
10:26
It's subject to peer review and subject to publication.
243
626947
2409
受到同行審查和出版物監督
10:29
It's so important that this concept
244
629356
2343
這個概念是有科學根據的
這點相當重要
10:31
is led with the science.
245
631699
1798
這個概念是有科學根據的
這點相當重要
10:33
From the perspective of Shark
Attack Mitigation Systems,
246
633497
2244
在鯊魚攻擊緩解系統看來
10:35
we're a biotechnology licensing company,
247
635741
2405
我們是一家生物技術授權公司
10:38
so we don't make wetsuits ourselves.
248
638146
2287
因此我們本身並不生產潛水服
10:40
We'll license others to do that.
249
640433
2280
我們授權其它公司來做
10:42
But I thought you might be interested
250
642713
959
也許你有興趣
10:43
in seeing what SAMS technology looks like
251
643672
2001
看到採用SAMS技術的潛水服
10:45
embedded in a wetsuit, and to that end,
252
645673
2999
會是什麼樣子,照那樣說來
10:48
for the first time, live, worldwide --
253
648672
3216
這是第一次在世人面前現場直播
10:51
(Laughter) —
254
651888
1974
(笑聲......)
10:53
I can show you what biological adaptation,
255
653862
2896
我可以向你展示生物適應
10:56
science and design looks like in real life.
256
656758
3527
科學和設計如何體現在現實生活中
11:00
So I can welcome Sam, the surfer,
257
660285
1897
下面有請山姆,他是一名衝浪運動員
11:02
from this side. Where are you, Sam?
258
662182
2708
從這邊上來了。山姆,你在哪?
11:04
(Applause)
259
664890
1796
(掌聲)
11:06
And Eduardo.
260
666686
1670
還有愛德華多。
11:08
(Applause)
261
668356
1816
(掌聲)
11:10
Cheers, mate.
262
670172
2694
歡迎你,老兄
11:12
Cheers.
263
672866
2090
歡迎!
11:14
Thanks, gentlemen. (Applause)
264
674956
4964
感謝兩位。(掌聲)
11:21
So what have we done here?
265
681656
1287
我們做了些什麼?
11:22
Well, to my mind, rather than take a blank sheet
266
682943
3017
嗯,在我看來,我們不是拿一張白紙
11:25
and use science as a tool for invention,
267
685960
3320
而是用科學作為發明的工具
11:29
we've paid attention to the biological evidence,
268
689280
2856
我們留心於生物學證據
11:32
we've put importance to the
269
692136
1690
重視
11:33
human anecdotal evidence,
270
693826
1710
人類軼事證據
11:35
and we've used science as a tool
271
695536
3082
我們把科學用作
11:38
for translation,
272
698618
1403
解碼工具
11:40
translation of something that was already there
273
700021
2227
將已經存在的事物
11:42
into something that we can
use for the benefit of mankind.
274
702248
3571
轉譯成可以造福人類的事物
11:45
And it strikes me that this idea of science
275
705819
1924
這使我突然發現
11:47
as a tool for translation rather than invention
276
707743
3056
將科學作為轉譯的工具
而非發明的工具的觀點
11:50
is one that we can apply much more widely than this
277
710799
2664
是我們能夠更廣泛應用的
11:53
in the pursuit of innovation.
278
713463
1947
而非一味追求創新
11:55
After all, did the Wright brothers
279
715410
2325
畢竟,萊特兄弟
11:57
discover manned flight,
280
717735
2052
創造了載人飛機
11:59
or did they observe the biological fact of flight
281
719787
3189
還是他們是靠觀察動物飛行而得到啟示
12:02
and translate that mechanically, replicate it
282
722976
3192
將原理轉譯並複製到機械當中
12:06
in a way that humans could use?
283
726168
2517
供世人使用的呢?
12:08
As for the humble wetsuit,
284
728685
1534
至於這微不足道的潛水服
12:10
who knows what oceanwear will look like
285
730219
1941
誰曉得在未來它會變成什麼樣子
12:12
in two years' time, in five years' time
286
732160
2951
比如說,兩年後、五年後
12:15
or in 50 years' time, but with this new thinking,
287
735111
3092
或者五十年以後……但是按照這種新思維
12:18
I'm guessing there's a fair chance
288
738203
1266
我猜,有相當大的可能
12:19
it won't be pure black.
289
739469
1721
未來的潛水服不會是純黑色
12:21
Thank you.
290
741190
2169
謝謝!
12:23
(Applause)
291
743359
3911
(掌聲)
New videos
Original video on YouTube.com
關於本網站
本網站將向您介紹對學習英語有用的 YouTube 視頻。 您將看到來自世界各地的一流教師教授的英語課程。 雙擊每個視頻頁面上顯示的英文字幕,從那裡播放視頻。 字幕與視頻播放同步滾動。 如果您有任何意見或要求,請使用此聯繫表與我們聯繫。