Laws that choke creativity | Larry Lessig

470,814 views ใƒป 2007-11-15

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Shlomo Adam ืžื‘ืงืจ: Sigal Tifferet
00:25
(Applause)
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[ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืžืขื˜ ืขืœ ืชื›ื ื™ ืžืฉืชืžืฉ.
00:26
I want to talk to you a little bit about user-generated content.
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ืืกืคืจ ืœื›ื 3 ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื›ื”ื›ื ื” ืœื˜ื™ืขื•ืŸ ื™ื—ื™ื“
00:30
I'm going to tell you three stories on the way to one argument
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ืืฉืจ ื™ืืžืจ ืœื›ื ืžืฉื”ื•
00:34
that's going to tell you a little bit
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ืขืœ ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ืื ื• ืคื•ืชื—ื™ื ืืช ืชื›ื ื™ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืœืขืกืงื™ื.
00:36
about how we open user-generated content up for business.
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ืื– ื”ื ื” ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ.
00:40
So, here's the first story.
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00:41
1906. This man, John Philip Sousa, traveled to this place,
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ื”ืฉื ื” 1906. ืื™ืฉ ื–ื”, ื’'ื•ืŸ ืคื™ืœื™ืค ืกื•ื–ื”, ื ืกืข ืœื›ืืŸ,
ื‘ื™ืจืช ืืจื”"ื‘, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื–ื•,
00:47
the United States Capitol, to talk about this technology,
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ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ื™ื ื”, ืฆื™ื˜ื•ื˜, "ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืžื“ื‘ืจื•ืช".
00:51
what he called the, quote, "talking machines."
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ืกื•ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืื•ื”ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื‘ืจื•ืช.
00:55
Sousa was not a fan of the talking machines.
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื:
00:59
This is what he had to say.
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"ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืžื“ื‘ืจื•ืช ืืœื” ื™ื”ืจืกื• ืืช ื”ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื”ืืžื ื•ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืกื™ืงื”
01:00
"These talking machines are going to ruin artistic development
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"ื‘ืืจืฅ ื–ื•.
01:04
of music in this country.
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01:05
When I was a boy, in front of every house in the summer evenings,
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"ื‘ื™ืœื“ื•ืชื™, ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืœ ื‘ื™ืช, ื‘ืขืจื‘ื™ ื”ืงื™ืฅ,
"ื”ื™ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ืžื‘ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ื“
01:10
you would find young people together
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01:12
singing the songs of the day, or the old songs.
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"ื•ืฉืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉื™ื, ืื• ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื”ื™ืฉื ื™ื.
"ื”ื™ื•ื ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ืืช ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืฉื˜ืŸ ื”ืืœื” ื™ื•ืžื ื•ืœื™ืœื”.
01:16
Today, you hear these infernal machines going night and day.
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"ื•ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืœื ื™ื™ืฉืืจื• ืœื ื• ืžื™ืชืจื™ ืงื•ืœ," ืืžืจ ืกื•ื–ื”.
01:22
We will not have a vocal chord left," Sousa said.
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"ืžื™ืชืจื™ ื”ืงื•ืœ ื™ื™ืขืœืžื• ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื•ื ื™,
01:25
"The vocal chords will be eliminated by a process of evolution
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"ื›ืžื• ื–ื ื‘ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื, ื›ืฉื”ืชืคืชื— ืžืŸ ื”ืงื•ืฃ".
01:29
as was the tail of man when he came from the ape."
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01:33
Now, this is the picture I want you to focus on.
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืชืชืžืงื“ื• ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื” ื–ื•.
ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืชืจื‘ื•ืช.
01:38
This is a picture of culture.
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01:40
We could describe it using modern computer terminology
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœืชืืจื” ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ ืžื™ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื™ื
ื›ืžื™ืŸ ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงืจื™ืื”-ื›ืชื™ื‘ื”.
01:44
as a kind of read-write culture.
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01:47
It's a culture where people participate in the creation
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ื–ื• ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื ื•ื˜ืœื™ื ื—ืœืง ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืจื”
01:50
and the re-creation of their culture. In that sense, it's read-write.
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ื•ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืจื”-ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื. ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื–ื”, ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืงืจื™ืื”-ื›ืชื™ื‘ื”.
ื—ืฉืฉื• ืฉืœ ืกื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืฉื ืื‘ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื–ื•
01:55
Sousa's fear was that we would lose that capacity
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืื•ืชืŸ, ืฆื™ื˜ื•ื˜, "ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื˜ืŸ".
02:00
because of these, quote, "infernal machines." They would take it away.
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ื”ืŸ ื™ื’ื–ืœื• ื–ืืช ืžืื™ืชื ื•,
ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ื”ื”ื™ืคืš ืžืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืงืจื™ืื”-ื›ืชื™ื‘ื”,
02:05
And in its place, we'd have the opposite of read-write culture,
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ืžื” ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื›ื ื•ืช "ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืงืจื™ืื”-ื‘ืœื‘ื“".
02:09
what we could call read-only culture.
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02:12
Culture where creativity was consumed
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ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื” ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช ื ืฆืจื›ืช ืืš ื”ืฆืจื›ืŸ ืื™ื ื ื• ื‘ื’ื“ืจ ื™ื•ืฆืจ.
02:15
but the consumer is not a creator.
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ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื” ื”ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื™ื
02:18
A culture which is top-down, owned,
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ื•ืžื™ืชืจื™ ื”ืงื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ื™ืื‘ื“ื•.
02:21
where the vocal chords of the millions have been lost.
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ืื– ื›ืฉืžืฉืงื™ืคื™ื ืœืื—ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืžืื” ื”-20,
02:25
Now, as you look back at the twentieth century,
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ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื ื• ื”ื•ื, ืฆื™ื˜ื•ื˜, "ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืคื•ืชื—",
02:29
at least in what we think of as the, quote, "developed world" --
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ืงืฉื” ืฉืœื ืœื”ืกื™ืง ืฉืกื•ื–ื” ืฆื“ืง.
02:34
hard not to conclude that Sousa was right.
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ืžืขื•ืœื, ืขื“ ื›ื”, ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื™ืžื™ ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช
02:37
Never before in the history of human culture
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ื›ื” ืžืงืฆื•ืขื ื™ืช, ื›ื” ืžืจื•ื›ื–ืช.
02:40
had it been as professionalized, never before as concentrated.
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ืžืขื•ืœื ืขื“ ื›ื”, ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ื
02:44
Never before has creativity of the millions
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ืœื ื ื•ืฉืœื” ื‘ืื•ืจื— ื›ื” ื™ืขื™ืœ,
02:47
been as effectively displaced,
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื ื•ืฉืœื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ, ืฆื™ื˜ื•ื˜, "ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื˜ืŸ" ืืœื”.
02:49
and displaced because of these, quote, "infernal machines."
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ื”ืžืื” ื”-20 ืื›ืŸ ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืžืื” ืฉื‘ื”,
02:53
The twentieth century was that century
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02:55
where, at least for those places we know the best,
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ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื ืœื ื•,
ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืขื‘ืจื” ืžืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ืงืจื™ืื”-ื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ืœืงืจื™ืื”-ื‘ืœื‘ื“.
02:58
culture moved from this read-write to read-only existence.
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03:06
So, second. Land is a kind of property --
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ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉื ื™: ื”ืื“ืžื” ื”ื™ื ืžืขื™ืŸ ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ--
03:09
it is property. It's protected by law.
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ื”ื™ื ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ. ื”ื™ื ืžื•ื’ื ืช ืข"ื™ ื”ื—ื•ืง.
03:13
As Lord Blackstone described it, land is protected by trespass law,
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ื‘ื ื™ืกื•ื—ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืœื•ืจื“ ื‘ืœืงืกื˜ื•ืŸ, ื”ืงืจืงืข ืžื•ื’ื ืช ื‘ื—ื•ืง ื ื’ื“ ื”ืกื’ืช-ื’ื‘ื•ืœ
03:18
for most of the history of trespass law,
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ืœืื•ืจืš ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืง ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ื”ืกื’ื•ืช-ื’ื‘ื•ืœ,
ืขืœ ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ื”ื ื—ื” ืฉื”ื—ื•ืง ืžื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืื“ืžื” ืœื›ืœ ืขื•ืžืงื”,
03:21
by presuming it protects the land all the way down below
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ื•ืœื’ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืœืชื™-ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ ืžืขืœื™ื”.
03:26
and to an indefinite extent upward.
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03:30
Now, that was a pretty good system
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ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ืฉื™ื˜ื” ืœื ืจืขื” ื‘ืžืฉืš ืจื•ื‘ ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืงืจืงืข
03:32
for most of the history of the regulation of land,
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ืขื“ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื” ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื–ื•, ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื—ืœื• ืœืชื”ื•ืช,
03:34
until this technology came along, and people began to wonder,
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ื”ืื ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืžืกื™ื’ื™-ื’ื‘ื•ืœ?
03:40
were these instruments trespassers
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ืฉื”ืจื™ ื˜ืกื• ืžืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืื“ืžื” ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื›ืš
03:43
as they flew over land without clearing the rights
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03:46
of the farms below as they traveled across the country?
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ืžื”ื—ื•ื•ืช ืœืžื˜ื”, ื›ืฉื—ืฆื• ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ.
ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื‘-1945 ื”ื–ื“ืžืŸ ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืฉืืœื” ื–ื•.
03:50
Well, in 1945, Supreme Court got a chance to address that question.
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03:55
Two farmers, Thomas Lee and Tinie Causby, who raised chickens,
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ืฉื ื™ ื—ื•ื•ืื™ื, ืชื•ืžืก-ืœื™ ื•ื˜ื™ื ื™ ืงื•ืกื‘ื™, ืฉื’ื™ื“ืœื• ืชืจื ื’ื•ืœื•ืช,
ื”ืจื‘ื• ืœื”ืชืœื•ื ืŸ ื ื’ื“ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”.
04:01
had a significant complaint because of these technologies.
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04:05
The complaint was that their
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ื”ื ื”ืชืœื•ื ื ื• ืฉื”ืชืจื ื’ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ืžื—ืงื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ื,
04:07
chickens followed the pattern of the airplanes
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ื•ืžื˜ื™ืกื•ืช ืืช ืขืฆืžืŸ ืœืขื‘ืจ ืงื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืืกื
04:10
and flew themselves into the walls of the barn
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ื›ืฉื”ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ื ื—ื•ืœืคื™ื ืžืขืœ ืื“ืžืชื.
04:14
when the airplanes flew over the land.
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ื”ื ืขืชืจื• ืœืœื•ืจื“ ื‘ืœืงืกื˜ื•ืŸ ื‘ื˜ืขื ื” ืฉืžื˜ื•ืกื™ื ืืœื” ื”ื ืžืกื™ื’ื™-ื’ื‘ื•ืœ.
04:16
And so they appealed to Lord Blackstone
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04:18
to say these airplanes were trespassing.
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ืžืื– ื•ืžืชืžื™ื“ ืงื‘ืข ื”ื—ื•ืง
04:22
Since time immemorial, the law had said,
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ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœืขื•ืคืฃ ืžืขืœ ื—ืœืงืช-ืื“ืžื” ืœืœื ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื‘ืขืœื™ื,
04:25
you can't fly over the land without permission of the landowner,
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ื˜ื™ืกื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืœื”ื™ืคืกืง.
04:29
so this flight must stop.
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04:33
Well, the Supreme Court considered this 100-years tradition
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ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืงืœ ืžืกื•ืจืช ื‘ืช-ืžืื” ื–ื•,
ื•ื”ืฆื”ื™ืจ, ื‘ื—ื•ื•ืช-ื“ืขืช ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ืžืืช ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ ื“ืื’ืœืก,
04:38
and said, in an opinion written by Justice Douglas,
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ืฉื‘ื ื™ ืงื•ืกื‘ื™ ื™ื™ืืœืฆื• ืœื”ืคืกื™ื“.
04:42
that the Causbys must lose.
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04:44
The Supreme Court said the doctrine protecting land
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ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืงื‘ืข ืฉื”ื—ื•ืง ื”ื™ื‘ืฉ ื”ืžื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืงืจืงืข
ืžืžื ื” ื•ืขื“ ืœืฉืžื™ื™ื, ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™,
04:48
all the way to the sky has no place in the modern world,
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ืื—ืจืช ื›ืœ ื˜ื™ืกื” ื‘ื™ืŸ-ื™ื‘ืฉืชื™ืช
04:52
otherwise every transcontinental flight would
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ืชื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืืช ืžืคืขื™ืœื™ื” ืœืื™ื ืกืคื•ืจ ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื”ืกื’ืช-ื’ื‘ื•ืœ.
04:56
subject the operator to countless trespass suits.
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04:59
Common sense, a rare idea in the law, but here it was. Common sense --
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ืฉื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืฉื’ ื ื“ื™ืจ ื‘ื—ื•ืง, ืืš ื›ืืŸ ืื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืฉื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจ--
(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
05:04
(Laughter) --
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ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื™ืฉืจ ืžื–ื“ืขื–ืข ืžืขืฆื ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ. ืฉื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจ.
05:05
Revolts at the idea. Common sense.
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05:09
Finally. Before the Internet, the last great terror
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ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜, ื”ืื™ื•ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ
05:17
to rain down on the content industry
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ืขืœ ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ
05:20
was a terror created by this technology. Broadcasting:
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ื”ื•ื ืื™ื•ื ืฉื ื•ืฆืจ ืข"ื™ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื–ื•: ื”ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ.
ื“ืจืš ื—ื“ืฉื” ืœื”ืคืฆืช ืชื›ื ื™ื,
05:26
a new way to spread content,
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ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ืžืœื—ืžื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื‘ืขืกืงื™ื ืฉืขืชื™ื“ื™ื ืœื”ืคื™ืฅ ืชื›ื ื™ื.
05:29
and therefore a new battle over the control
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05:33
of the businesses that would spread content.
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ื•ื‘ืื•ืชื ื™ืžื™ื, ื”ื’ื•ืฃ,
05:37
Now, at that time, the entity,
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ื”ืงืจื˜ืœ ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ ืฉืฉืœื˜ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืฉืœ ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืžื•ืกื™ืงื” ืฉื™ื•ืขื“ื” ืœืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ
05:39
the legal cartel, that controlled the performance rights
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05:43
for most of the music that would be broadcast
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ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืื•ืชืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช, ื”ื™ื” "ืื™ื’ื•ื“ ื”ืžืœื—ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื™ื".
05:47
using these technologies was ASCAP.
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ื”ื™ื• ืœื”ื ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™,
05:49
They had an exclusive license on the most popular content,
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ื•ื”ื ื™ื™ืฉืžื• ืื•ืชืŸ ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ื™ืงืฉื” ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœืžืฉื“ืจื™ื ืžื™ ื‘ืืžืช ื”ื‘ื•ืก.
05:53
and they exercised it in a way that tried to demonstrate
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05:57
to the broadcasters who really was in charge.
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06:00
So, between 1931 and 1939, they raised rates by some 448 percent,
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ื›ืš ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ 1931 ืœ-1939 ื”ื ื”ืขืœื• ืืช ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ื‘ื›-448%
06:07
until the broadcasters finally got together
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ืขื“ ืฉื’ื•ืคื™ ื”ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืชืื—ื“ื• ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื•ืืžืจื•:
"ื˜ื•ื‘, ืžืกืคื™ืง ืขื ื–ื”."
06:10
and said, okay, enough of this.
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ื•ื‘-1939 ืขื•ืจืš-ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉื ืกื™ื“ื ื™ ืงื™ื™ ื”ืงื™ื ื’ื•ืฃ
06:12
And in 1939, a lawyer, Sydney Kaye, started something
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ื‘ืฉื "ืื™ื’ื•ื“ ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจื™ ื”ืžื•ืกื™ืงื”" ื”ืžื•ื›ืจ ืœื ื• ื›ื‘ื™-ืื-ืื™ื™.
06:15
called Broadcast Music Inc. We know it as BMI.
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ื‘ื™-ืื-ืื™ื™ ื”ื™ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื™ื ื‘ืืฉืจ ืœืืžื ื•ืช
06:19
And BMI was much more democratic in the art
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06:22
that it would include within its repertoire,
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ืฉื›ืœืœื• ื‘ืจืคืจื˜ื•ืืจ ืฉืœื”ื,
ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ื”ื ื›ืœืœื• ื‘ืจืคืจื˜ื•ืืจ ืžื•ืกื™ืงื” ืืคืจื•-ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช .
06:25
including African American music for the first time in the repertoire.
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ืืš ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžื›ืš, ื‘ื™.ืื.ืื™ื™ ืœืงื—ื” ื™ืฆื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื• ื ื—ืœืช-ื”ื›ืœืœ,
06:29
But most important was that BMI took public domain works
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ืขืฉืชื” ืœื”ื ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ื™ื ื•ืžืกืจื” ืื•ืชืŸ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื ืœืžื ื•ื™ื™ื”,
06:34
and made arrangements of them, which they gave away for free
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06:38
to their subscribers. So that in 1940,
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ื›ืš ืฉื‘-1940,
ื›ืฉืื™ื’ื•ื“ ื”ืžืœื—ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื™ื ืื™ื™ื ืœื”ื›ืคื™ืœ ืืช ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื•,
06:42
when ASCAP threatened to double their rates,
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ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ืžืฉื“ืจื™ื ืขื‘ืจื• ืœื‘ื™-ืื-ืื™ื™.
06:46
the majority of broadcasters switched to BMI.
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ืื™ื’ื•ื“ ื”ืžืœื—ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื™ื ืืžืจ ืฉืœื ืื™ื›ืคืช ืœื•.
06:49
Now, ASCAP said they didn't care.
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ื”ื ืฆืคื• ืฉื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ืชืžืจื“ื•, ื›ื™ ื”ืžื•ืกื™ืงื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
06:51
The people will revolt, they predicted, because the very best music
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ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ื–ืžื™ื ื”, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ื™ื ืขื‘ืจื”
06:55
was no longer available, because they had shifted
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06:58
to the second best public domain provided by BMI.
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ืœื ื—ืœืช-ื”ื›ืœืœ ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ื‘ื˜ื™ื‘ื”, ืฉืกื™ืคืงื” ื‘ื™-ืื-ืื™ื™.
ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ืœื ื”ืชืžืจื“ื•,
07:04
Well, they didn't revolt, and in 1941, ASCAP cracked.
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ื•ื‘-1941 ืื™ื’ื•ื“ ื”ืžืœื—ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื™ื ื ืฉื‘ืจ.
07:10
And the important point to recognize
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ื•ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ืฉื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ื›ืืŸ ื”ื™ื,
ืฉืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืื•ืชื ื’ื•ืคื™-ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ ืฉื™ื“ืจื• ืžืฉื”ื•
07:13
is that even though these broadcasters
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07:18
were broadcasting something you would call second best,
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ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืœืจืื•ืชื• ื›ื ื—ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ,
ื”ื™ื” ื“ื™ ื‘ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื‘ื•ืจ, ื‘ื–ืžื ื•,
07:20
that competition was enough to break, at that time,
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ืืช ื”ืงืจื˜ืœ ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ื–ื” ืฉื—ืœืฉ ืขืœ ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืžื•ืกื™ืงื”.
07:25
this legal cartel over access to music.
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. 3 ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื. ื•ื”ื ื” ื”ื˜ื™ืขื•ืŸ:
07:29
Okay. Three stories. Here's the argument.
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ื‘ืขื™ื ื™, ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื›ื™ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื•
07:33
In my view, the most significant thing to recognize
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ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžื” ืฉื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื”ื–ื” ืขื•ืฉื”, ื”ื•ื
07:35
about what this Internet is doing
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07:37
is its opportunity to revive the read-write culture
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ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ื”ื’ืœื•ืžื” ื‘ื• ืœื”ื—ื™ื™ืืช ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืงืจื™ืื”-ื›ืชื™ื‘ื”
ืฉืกื•ื–ื” ืจืื” ื‘ืื•ืจ ื›ื” ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™.
07:41
that Sousa romanticized.
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ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ืช ื”ื™ื-ื”ื™ื ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืœื”ื—ื™ื™ืืช ืžื™ืชืจื™ ื”ืงื•ืœ
07:45
Digital technology is the opportunity
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07:47
for the revival of these vocal chords
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ืขืœื™ื”ื ื ืื ื‘ืœื”ื˜ ื›ื–ื” ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืงื•ื ื’ืจืก.
07:49
that he spoke so passionately to Congress about.
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ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืžื™ืงื•ืจ-ืžืฉืชืžืฉ, ืฉื”ื•ืœืš ื•ืžืชืคืฉื˜ ื‘ืขืกืงื™ื
07:53
User-generated content, spreading in businesses
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ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืืœื”, ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขืจืš ืœื”ืคืœื™ื,
07:57
in extraordinarily valuable ways like these,
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ืžืขืœื” ืขืœ ื ืก ืืช ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื.
08:00
celebrating amateur culture.
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ื•ืื™ื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ื›ืš ืœืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื—ื•ื‘ื‘ื ื™ืช,
08:03
By which I don't mean amateurish culture,
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ืืœื ืœืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžืชื•ืš ืื”ื‘ืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื
08:06
I mean culture where people produce
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08:09
for the love of what they're doing and not for the money.
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ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื™ ืœืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉื™ืœื“ื™ื›ื ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ.
08:13
I mean the culture that your kids are producing all the time.
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ื›ื™ ื›ืฉืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื“ื™ืžื•ื™ ื”ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ ืฉืžืฆื ืกื•ื–ื”
08:18
For when you think of what Sousa romanticized
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ื‘ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ืฉืžื‘ืœื™ื ื™ื—ื“ ื•ืฉืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ื•ืฉืœ ืืชืžื•ืœ
08:21
in the young people together, singing the songs of the day,
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ืืชื ืืžื•ืจื™ื ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืืช ืžื” ืฉื™ืœื“ื™ื›ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืžืžืฉ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•.
08:24
of the old songs, you should recognize
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08:26
what your kids are doing right now.
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ื”ื ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ื•ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื”ื™ืฉื ื™ื
08:29
Taking the songs of the day and the old songs
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ื•ืžืžืงืกืกื™ื ืื•ืชื ืœื›ืœืœ ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื•ื ื”.
08:31
and remixing them to make them something different.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืชื ื”ื“ืจืš ืœื’ืฉืช ืœืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื–ื•.
08:35
It's how they understand access to this culture.
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08:38
So, let's have some very few examples
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ืื– ื”ื‘ื” ื•ื ืฉืžืข ืžืขื˜ ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช
ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžื•ืฉื’ ืขืœ ืžื” ืื ื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื›ืืŸ.
08:41
to get a sense of what I'm talking about here.
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ื”ื ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ื”ืงืจื•ื™ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ืžื•ื ืคืฉ ืžื•ืกื™ืงืœื™. ื“ื•ื’ืžื ืจืืฉื•ื ื”,
08:43
Here's something called Anime Music Video, first example,
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08:45
taking anime captured from television
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ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืงื˜ืขื™ ื”ื ืคืฉื” ืฉื”ื•ืงืœื˜ื• ืžื”ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื”
ื•ืขื•ืจื›ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืœืคื™ ืขืจื•ืฆื™ ืžื•ืกื™ืงื”.
08:49
re-edited to music tracks.
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08:51
(Music)
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(ืžื•ืกื™ืงื”: ืžื ื” ืžื ื”, ื”ื—ื‘ื•ื‘ื•ืช)
(ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืžื•ืกื™ืงื”)
ื‘ืงื˜ืข ื”ื–ื”-- ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื™ืจื’ืข. ื™ืฉื• ื—ื™. ืืœ ืชื“ืื’ื•.
09:31
This one you should be -- confidence. Jesus survives. Don't worry.
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(ืžื•ืกื™ืงื”: "ืื ื™ ืืฉืจื•ื“" ื‘ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื’ืœื•ืจื™ื” ื’ื™ื™ื ื•ืจ)
09:36
(Music)
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(ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืžื•ืกื™ืงื”)
10:21
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
ื•ื–ื” ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘.
10:29
And this is the best.
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10:31
(Music)
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"ืงื™ืจืื• ืืช ืฉืคืชื™"
(ืžื•ืกื™ืงื”: "ืื”ื‘ืช ื ืฆื—", ืœื™ื•ื ืœ ืจื™ืฆ'ื™ ื•ื“ื™ืื ื” ืจื•ืก]
10:38
My love ...
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ื ืฉื™ื ืืจื”"ื‘ ื‘ื•ืฉ: ืื”ื•ื‘ื™,
10:42
There's only you in my life ...
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ืจืง ืืชื” ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™,
10:47
The only thing that's bright ...
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“,
10:53
My first love ...
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ืจื•"ืž ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”, ื‘ืœื™ื™ืจ: ืื”ื•ื‘ื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ,
10:58
You're every breath that I take ...
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ื”ื ืš ื›ืœ ื ืฉื™ืžืช ืืคื™,
11:02
You're every step I make ...
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ื›ืœ ืฆืขื“ ืžืฆืขื“ื™,
11:08
And I ....
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ื•ืื ื™,
11:12
I want to share all my love with you ...
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื—ืœื•ืง ืืช ื›ืœ ืื”ื‘ืชื™ ืื™ืชืš,
11:23
No one else will do ...
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ืื™ืฉ ืžื‘ืœืขื“ื™ืš,
11:28
And your eyes ...
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ื•ืขื™ื ื™ืš,
11:32
They tell me how much you care ...
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ืื•ืžืจื•ืช ืœื™ ืžื” ืจื‘ื” ืื”ื‘ืชืš...
11:38
(Music)
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"ืงื™ืจืื• ืืช ืฉืคืชื™"
ื–ื”ื• ืื ื›ืŸ ืจืžื™ืงืก.
11:43
So, this is remix, right?
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
11:45
(Applause)
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ื•ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืฉืžื” ืฉื–ื” ืœื-
11:51
And it's important to emphasize that what this is not
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11:53
is not what we call, quote, "piracy."
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ื–ื” ืœื ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืžื›ื ื™ื, ืฆื™ื˜ื•ื˜, "ืคื™ืจืื˜ื™ื•ืช".
ืžื” ืฉืื™ื ื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื•, ื•ืœื ืžืฆื“ื™ืง ืื•ืชื•
11:56
I'm not talking about nor justifying
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ื”ื•ื ื›ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ื‘ืกื™ื˜ื•ื ื•ืช ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืฉื™ืฆืจื• ืื—ืจื™ื
11:59
people taking other people's content in wholesale
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ื•ืžืคื™ืฆื™ื ื–ืืช ืœืœื ืจืฉื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช.
12:02
and distributing it without the permission of the copyright owner.
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ืื ื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ื•ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžื—ื“ืฉ
12:05
I'm talking about people taking and recreating
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ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืฉืœ ืื—ืจื™ื, ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ื•ืช,
12:08
using other people's content, using digital technologies
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื•ืžืจ ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื—ืจืช.
12:12
to say things differently.
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ื•ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื–ื” ืื™ื ื” ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื” ืฉืจืื™ืชื ื›ืืŸ.
12:14
Now, the importance of this
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12:15
is not the technique that you've seen here.
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ื›ื™ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื›ืœ ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื” ืฉืจืื™ืชื ื›ืืŸ
12:19
Because, of course, every technique that you've seen here
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ื”ื™ื ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื”ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ื•ืžืคื™ืงื™ ื”ืกืจื˜ื™ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ื‘ืจ 50 ืฉื ื”.
12:21
is something that television and film producers
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12:23
have been able to do for the last 50 years.
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ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื” ื–ื• ื ืขืฉืชื” ืฉื™ื•ื•ื™ื•ื ื™ืช.
12:25
The importance is that that technique has been democratized.
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ื”ื™ื•ื, ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืžื—ืฉื‘ ืฉืœ 1,500 ื“ื•ืœืจ
12:30
It is now anybody with access to a $1,500 computer
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื—ืช ืฆืœื™ืœื™ื ื•ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืžื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ื ื•
12:35
who can take sounds and images from the culture around us
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ื•ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื•ืžืจ ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื—ืจืช.
12:37
and use it to say things differently.
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12:39
These tools of creativity have become tools of speech.
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ืืžืฆืขื™ ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช ืืœื” ื ืขืฉื• ืœืืžืฆืขื™-ื”ื‘ืขื”.
ื‘ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”, ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืื•ืจื™ื™ื ื•ืช.
12:44
It is a literacy for this generation. This is how our kids speak.
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ื›ืš ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
ื›ืš ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื; ื›ืืœื” ื”ื ื™ืœื“ื™ื›ื,
12:51
It is how our kids think. It is what your kids are
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ืฉื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื•ืจื•ื›ืฉื™ื ืขื•ื“ ื•ืขื•ื“ ื”ื‘ื ื” ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ื•ืช
12:56
as they increasingly understand digital technologies
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ื•ื‘ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืขื™ืžืŸ.
13:00
and their relationship to themselves.
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ืื– ื‘ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื”ื–ื”,
13:03
Now, in response to this new use of culture using digital technologies,
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ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ื•ืช,
ื”ื—ื•ืง ืœื ืงื™ื‘ืœ ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื” ืืช ืชื—ื™ื™ืชื• ืฉืœ ืกื•ื–ื”
13:10
the law has not greeted this Sousa revival
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ื•ืœื ื”ืคื’ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจ.
13:14
with very much common sense.
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื–ืืช, ืžื‘ื ื” ื—ื•ืง ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื
13:16
Instead, the architecture of copyright law
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ื•ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ื•ืช,
13:19
and the architecture of digital technologies,
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ื”ืžืคื’ืฉ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื”ื ืคื™ืง ืืช ื”ื ื—ืช ื”ื™ืกื•ื“
13:21
as they interact, have produced the presumption
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ืฉืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืืœื” ื”ืŸ ื‘ืœืชื™-ื—ื•ืงื™ื•ืช.
13:24
that these activities are illegal.
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ื›ื™ ืื ื—ื•ืง ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืขืฆื ื‘ืžื” ืฉืงืจื•ื™ "ืขื•ืชืงื™ื"
13:27
Because if copyright law at its core regulates something called copies,
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ื›ื™-ืื– ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื”ืื—ืช ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžื ื•ืก ืžืžื ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™
13:30
then in the digital world the one fact we can't escape
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ื”ื™ื ืฉื›ืœ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื•ื“ื“ ื‘ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื–ื• ืžืคื™ืง ืขื•ืชืง.
13:33
is that every single use of culture produces a copy.
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื›ืœ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื•ื“ื“ ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื”ืจืฉืื”;
13:38
Every single use therefore requires permission;
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ืžื™ ืฉืœื ืžืงื‘ืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืžืกื™ื’-ื’ื‘ื•ืœ,
13:41
without permission, you are a trespasser.
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ืžืกื™ื’-ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืœืคื™ ืื•ืชื• ื”ื’ื™ื•ืŸ
13:44
You're a trespasser with about as much sense
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13:46
as these people were trespassers.
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ืฉืืžืจ ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืืœื” ื”ื™ื• ืžืกื™ื’ื™-ื’ื‘ื•ืœ.
ืื‘ืœ ื›ืืŸ ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื™ืฉืจ ื˜ืจื ื”ืชืงื•ืžื
13:51
Common sense here, though, has not yet revolted
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ื‘ืžืขื ื” ืœืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ื–ื• ืฉืžืฆื™ืข ื”ื—ื•ืง ืœืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืืœื” ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช.
13:55
in response to this response that the law has offered
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13:58
to these forms of creativity.
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื–ื”, ืžื” ืฉืจืื™ื ื• ื”ื•ื ื’ืจื•ืข ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืชืงื•ืžืžื•ืช.
14:01
Instead, what we've seen
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14:02
is something much worse than a revolt.
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ื™ืฉ ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื•ื’ื“ืœื” ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื‘ื•ื™ื›ื•ื— ื–ื”,
14:06
There's a growing extremism that comes from both sides
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14:10
in this debate, in response to this conflict
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ื‘ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืœืงื•ื ืคืœื™ืงื˜ ื–ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืง ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืืœื”.
14:13
between the law and the use of these technologies.
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ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืื—ื“ ืžืคืชื— ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ื–ื• ืฉื”ื•ื›ืจื–ื” ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”
14:16
One side builds new technologies, such as one recently announced
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14:20
that will enable them
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ืฉื™ืืคืฉืจื• ืœื• ืœื”ืกื™ืจ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ืช ืžืืชืจื™ื ื›ืžื• "ื™ื•-ื˜ื™ื•ื‘"
14:23
to automatically take down from sites like YouTube
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ื›ืœ ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืฉืžื•ื’ืŸ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื
14:26
any content that has any copyrighted content in it,
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ืื ื™ืฉ ืื• ืื™ืŸ ืงื‘ื™ืขื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ื•ื’ืŸ
14:28
whether or not there's a judgment of fair use
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ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื™ื—ืกื” ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืชื•ื›ืŸ.
14:31
that might be applied to the use of that content.
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ื•ืžื ื’ื“, ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•,
14:33
And on the other side, among our kids,
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื“ื•ื’ืœื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื,
14:36
there's a growing copyright abolitionism,
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ื“ื•ืจ ืฉื“ื•ื—ื” ืืช ืขืฆื ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ
14:40
a generation that rejects the very notion
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ืฉืœ ืžื” ืฉื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืืžื•ืจื•ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช,
14:43
of what copyright is supposed to do, rejects copyright
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ื“ื•ื—ื” ืื•ืชืŸ ื•ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื—ื•ืง ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžื˜ื•ืžื˜ื
14:46
and believes that the law is nothing more than an ass
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืชืขืœื ืžืžื ื• ื•ืœื”ื™ืื‘ืง ื‘ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืืคืฉืจื™ืช.
14:49
to be ignored and to be fought at every opportunity possible.
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ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ืžื•ืœื™ื“ื” ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ืื—ืจ,
14:56
The extremism on one side begets extremism on the other,
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ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžืžื ื” ืœืงื— ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื–ืžืŸ,
15:00
a fact we should have learned many, many times over,
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ื•ืฉื ื™ ื”ืงืฆื•ื•ืช ื‘ื•ื™ื›ื•ื— ื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื˜ื•ืขื™ื.
15:04
and both extremes in this debate are just wrong.
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ื”ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื™ ืžื ืกื” ืœื”ื™ืื‘ืง ืœืžืขื ื•-
15:08
Now, the balance that I try to fight for,
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ืื ื™, ื›ืœื™ื‘ืจืœ ื˜ื•ื‘,
15:12
I, as any good liberal, try to fight for first
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ืžื ืกื” ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ ืœื”ื™ืื‘ืง ืข"ื™ ืคื ื™ื™ื” ืœืžื™ืžืฉืœ.
15:14
by looking to the government. Total mistake, right?
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ื˜ืขื•ืช ื’ืžื•ืจื”, ื ื›ื•ืŸ? (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
ืœืคื ื•ืช ืงื•ื“ื ืœื‘ืชื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืœืžื—ื•ืงืงื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืื ืœื›ืš
15:18
(Laughter)
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15:19
Looked first to the courts and the legislatures to try to get them
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ืฉื™ืขืฉื• ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืชื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ืช,
15:22
to do something to make the system make more sense.
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ื–ื” ื ื›ืฉืœ, ื—ืœืงื™ืช ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื‘ืชื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืคืกื™ื‘ื™ื™ื ืžื“ื™,
15:24
It failed partly because the courts are too passive,
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ื—ืœืงื™ืช ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ืžื—ื•ืงืงื™ื ืžื•ืฉื—ืชื™ื,
15:28
partly because the legislatures are corrupted,
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ื•ืื™ื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืฉื•ื—ื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืืžื™ืชื™,
15:30
by which I don't mean that there's bribery
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15:33
operating to stop real change,
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ืืœื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื›ืš ืฉื›ืœื›ืœืช-ื”ื›ื•ื— ืงื•ื‘ืขืช ืื™ืš ืžืชืคืงื“ ื”ืงื•ื ื’ืจืก,
15:36
but more the economy of influence that governs how Congress functions
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืงื•ื‘ืขื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื›ืืŸ ืœื ื™ื‘ื™ื ื• ืืช ื–ื”
15:40
means that policymakers here will not understand this
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ืขื“ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืื•ื—ืจ ืžื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืงืŸ ื–ืืช.
15:44
until it's too late to fix it.
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ื›ืš ืฉืื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื•ื ื”, ืœืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืžืกื•ื’ ืื—ืจ,
15:46
So, we need something different, we need a different kind of solution.
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ื•ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื›ืืŸ, ื‘ืขื™ื ื™, ื”ื•ื ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืื™ืฉื™,
15:50
And the solution here, in my view, is a private solution,
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ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืฉืžื˜ืจืชื• ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื—ื•ืงื™ ืืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ืช ืฆืขื™ืจ,
15:54
a solution that looks to legalize what it is to be young again,
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ื•ืœืžืžืฉ ืืช ื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ืฉื‘ื›ืš,
15:58
and to realize the economic potential of that,
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ื•ื›ืืŸ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™-ืื-ืื™ื™ ื ืขืฉื” ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™.
16:00
and that's where the story of BMI becomes relevant.
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื›ืคื™ ื‘ื™-ืื-ืื™ื™ ื”ืžื—ื™ืฉื”, ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื›ืืŸ
16:04
Because, as BMI demonstrated, competition here
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ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ื›ืœืฉื”ื•. ืื•ืชื• ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืงืจื•ืช ื›ืขืช.
16:07
can achieve some form of balance. The same thing can happen now.
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ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ื›ื™ื•ื ื ื—ืœืช-ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื” ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ,
16:12
We don't have a public domain to draw upon now,
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ืื– ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื–ื” ืื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืฉื ื™ ืกื•ื’ื™ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™.
16:15
so instead what we need is two types of changes.
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ืจืืฉื™ืช, ืฉื”ืืžื ื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื™ืืžืฆื• ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ;
16:18
First, that artists and creators embrace the idea,
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ืฉื™ื—ืœื™ื˜ื• ืžืจืฆื•ืŸ ืฉืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื ืชื”ื™ื” ื–ืžื™ื ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื.
16:22
choose that their work be made available more freely.
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ืœืžืฉืœ, ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื ื–ืžื™ื ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื ื
16:26
So, for example, they can say their work is available freely
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ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืœื-ืžืกื—ืจื™, ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื—ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื ื›ืžื• ื–ื”,
16:29
for non-commercial, this amateur-type of use,
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ืืš ื–ืžื™ื ื” ื‘ืชืฉืœื•ื ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืžืกื—ืจื™.
16:31
but not freely for any commercial use.
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ื•ืฉื ื™ืช, ืื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ืขืกืงื™ื ืฉืžืคืชื—ื™ื ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื–ื• ืฉืœ ืงืจื™ืื”-ื›ืชื™ื‘ื”
16:33
And second, we need the businesses
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16:36
that are building out this read-write culture
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ื™ืืžืฆื• ื‘ืžื•ืคื’ืŸ ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ื”ื–ื•, ืฉื™ืืคืฉืจื• ืื•ืชื”,
16:39
to embrace this opportunity expressly, to enable it,
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ื›ืš ืฉืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื–ื• ืฉืœ ืชื•ื›ืŸ-ื—ื™ื ื, ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื—ื™ื ืžื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ
16:44
so that this ecology of free content, or freer content,
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ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืชืคืชื— ืขืœ ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื” ื ื™ื™ื˜ืจืœื™ืช
16:49
can grow on a neutral platform
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16:51
where they both exist simultaneously,
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ืฉืขืœื™ื” ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื•-ื–ืžื ื™ืช,
ื›ืš ืฉื—ื™ื ื-ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื ื-ืคื—ื•ืช,
16:54
so that more-free can compete with less-free,
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ื•ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืœืคืชื— ืืช ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื–ื•
16:59
and the opportunity to develop the creativity in that competition
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ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืœืื—ื“ ืืช ืœืงื—ื™ ื”ืฉื ื™.
17:03
can teach one the lessons of the other.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ืช ืื—ืช ื›ื–ื•
17:06
Now, I would talk about one particular such plan
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ืฉืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืขืœื™ื” ืžืฉื”ื•
17:10
that I know something about,
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ืืš ืื™ื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืคืจ ืืช ื“ื™ื‘ืจืช ื”ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืžืก' 1 ืฉืœ TED,
17:11
but I don't want to violate TED's first commandment of selling,
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ืœื›ืŸ ืœื ืื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื” ื‘ื›ืœืœ.
17:14
so I'm not going to talk about this at all.
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ืืœื ืื–ื›ื™ืจ ืœื›ื ืืช ื”ืœืงื— ืฉื‘ื™-ืื-ืื™ื™ ืžืœืžื“ืช ืื•ืชื ื•.
17:16
I'm instead just going to remind you of the point that BMI teaches us.
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ืฉื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ื”ืืžืŸ ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืคืชื— ืœื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉื”
17:23
That artist choice is the key for new technology
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ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืขื™ืกืงื™ืช,
17:28
having an opportunity to be open for business,
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ื•ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืคืชื— ื›ืืŸ ืืช ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ื”ืืžืŸ,
17:31
and we need to build artist choice here
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ืื ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื ื• ืฉื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืืœื” ื™ื–ื›ื• ื‘ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ื–ื•.
17:34
if these new technologies are to have that opportunity.
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ืืš ื”ื‘ื” ื•ืืกื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉื”ื• ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืœื“ืขืชื™ --
17:37
But let me end with something I think much more important --
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืขืกืงื™ื.
17:40
much more important than business.
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ื•ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉืืœื” ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื–ื” ืžืชื—ื‘ืจ ืืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•.
17:42
It's the point about how this connects to our kids.
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ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืžืื™ืชื ื•. ืืœื” ืื ื—ื ื•, ื›ืŸ?
17:45
We have to recognize they're different from us. This is us, right?
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
17:50
(Laughter)
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ืื ื• ื”ืงืœื˜ื ื• ืงืœื˜ื•ืช-ืื•ืกืฃ; ื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืจืžื™ืงืกื™ื ืœืžื•ืกื™ืงื”.
17:51
We made mixed tapes; they remix music.
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ืื ื• ืฆืคื™ื ื• ื‘ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื”; ื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื”.
17:53
We watched TV; they make TV.
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ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืขืฉืชื” ืื•ืชื ืฉื•ื ื™ื,
17:56
It is technology that has made them different,
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ื•ื›ืฉืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืžื” ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื–ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช
18:00
and as we see what this technology can do,
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ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืจื•ื’
18:02
we need to recognize you can't kill
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ืืช ื”ื™ืฆืจ ืฉื™ื•ืฆืจืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”; ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ื• ืจืง ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ืื• ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื—ื•ืง.
18:05
the instinct the technology produces. We can only criminalize it.
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ืื™ื ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืžื ื•ืข ืžื™ืœื“ื™ื ื• ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”;
18:09
We can't stop our kids from using it.
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ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ื• ืจืง ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื›ืš ืœืจื“ืช ืœืžื—ืชืจืช.
18:11
We can only drive it underground.
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ืื™ื ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืฉื•ื‘ ืืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื• ืœืคืกื™ื‘ื™ื™ื;
18:13
We can't make our kids passive again.
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ืืœื ืจืง ืœื”ื•ืคื›ื, ืฆื™ื˜ื•ื˜, ืœ"ืคื™ืจืื˜ื™ื". ื”ืื ื–ื” ื˜ื•ื‘?
18:16
We can only make them, quote, "pirates." And is that good?
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ืื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ืžืฉื•ื ื”, ืžืขื™ืŸ "ืชืงื•ืคืช ื™ื•ื‘ืฉ",
18:21
We live in this weird time. It's kind of age of prohibitions,
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ื›ืฉื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ื•,
18:25
where in many areas of our life,
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ืื ื• ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืง.
18:27
we live life constantly against the law.
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื—ื•ืง,
18:30
Ordinary people live life against the law,
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ - ืื ื• - ืžืขื•ืœืœื™ื ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•.
18:32
and that's what I -- we are doing to our kids.
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ื”ื ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืง.
18:36
They live life knowing they live it against the law.
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ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื–ื” ื”ืจืกื ื™ ืขื“ ืžืื“,
18:40
That realization is extraordinarily corrosive,
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ืžืฉื—ื™ืช ืขื“ ืžืื“.
18:44
extraordinarily corrupting.
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ื•ื›ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื” ื—ื•ื‘ืชื ื• ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
18:47
And in a democracy, we ought to be able to do better.
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ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจื, ืื ืœื ืžื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื”ืขืกืงื™ืช.
18:51
Do better, at least for them, if not for opening for business.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœื›ื.
18:58
Thank you very much.
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
18:59
(Applause)
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ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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