Stephen Burt: Why people need poetry

296,318 views ใƒป 2014-06-04

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Tal Eldar ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:13
I read poetry all the time
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ืื ื™ ืงื•ืจื ืฉื™ืจื” ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ
00:15
and write about it frequently
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ื•ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืขืœ ื›ืš ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืชื“ื™ืจ
00:17
and take poems apart
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ื•ืžืคืจืง ืฉื™ืจื™ื
00:18
to see how they work
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืจืื•ืช ืื™ืš ื”ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื
00:20
because I'm a word person.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืื ื™ ืื“ื ืฉืœ ืžื™ืœื™ื.
00:21
I understand the world best, most fully,
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ืื ื™ ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื›ื™ ืžืœื,
00:24
in words rather than, say, pictures or numbers,
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ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ, ื ื ื™ื—, ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืื• ืžืกืคืจื™ื.
00:27
and when I have a new experience or a new feeling,
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ื•ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ืื• ืจื’ืฉ ื—ื“ืฉ,
00:30
I'm a little frustrated
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ืื ื™ ืžืขื˜ ืžืชื•ืกื›ืœ
00:31
until I can try to put it into words.
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ืขื“ ืฉืื ื™ ืžืฆืœื™ื— ืœื ืกื— ื–ืืช ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื.
00:34
I think I've always been that way.
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืชืžื™ื“ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื›ืš.
00:36
I devoured science fiction as a child. I still do.
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ื˜ืจืคืชื™ ืกืคืจื™ ืžื“ืข ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ ื›ื™ืœื“, ืื ื™ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืขื•ืฉื” ื–ืืช.
00:39
And I found poems by Andrew Marvell
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ื•ืžืฆืืชื™ ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืžืืช ืื ื“ืจื• ืžืืจื•ื•ืœ
00:42
and Matthew Arnold and Emily Dickinson
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ื•ืžืช'ื™ื• ืืจื ื•ืœื“ ื•ืืžื™ืœื™ ื“ื™ืงื ืกื•ืŸ
00:43
and William Butler Yeats
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ื•ื•ื™ืœื™ืื ื‘ืื˜ืœืจ ื™ื™ื˜ืก
00:45
because they were quoted in science fiction,
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื ืฆื•ื˜ื˜ื• ื‘ืžื“ืข ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื ื™,
00:47
and I loved their sounds
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ื•ืื”ื‘ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืฆืœื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœื”ื
00:48
and I went on to read about ottava rima
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ื•ื”ืžืฉื›ืชื™ ืœืงืจื•ื ืขืœ ืื•ื˜ืื•ื•ื” ืจื™ืžื”
00:51
and medial caesuras and enjambment
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ื•ืฆื–ื•ืจื•ืช ืืžืฆืขื™ื•ืช ื•ืคืจื•ื–ื•ื“ื™ื”
00:54
and all that other technical stuff
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ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื”
00:56
that you care about if you already care about poems,
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ืฉืื›ืคืช ืœืš ืžื”ื ืื ื›ื‘ืจ ืื›ืคืช ืœืš ืžืฉื™ืจื™ื,
01:00
because poems already made me happier
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืฉื™ืจื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืขืฉื• ืื•ืชื™ ืฉืžื— ื™ื•ืชืจ
01:04
and sadder and more alive.
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ื•ืขืฆื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื—ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
01:06
And I became a poetry critic
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ื•ื ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืœืžื‘ืงืจ ืฉื™ืจื”
01:08
because I wanted to know how and why.
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ื›ื™ ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœื“ืขืช ืื™ืš ื•ืœืžื”
01:12
Now, poetry isn't one thing that serves one purpose
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืฉื™ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืœื ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ืฉืžืฉืจืช ืžื˜ืจื” ืื—ืช
01:17
any more than music or computer programming
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ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืžื™ื“ื” ืฉืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ืื• ืชื›ื ื•ืช ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื
01:20
serve one purpose.
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ืžืฉืจืชื™ื ืžื˜ืจื” ืื—ืช.
01:22
The greek word poem, it just means "a made thing,"
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ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ืช "ืฉื™ืจ" ื”ื™ื "ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืฉื•ื™".
01:26
and poetry is a set of techniques,
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ื•ืฉื™ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืกื˜ ืฉืœ ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื•ืช,
01:28
ways of making patterns
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ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช
01:30
that put emotions into words.
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ืฉืžื ืกื—ื•ืช ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื.
01:32
The more techniques you know,
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ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืชื›ื™ืจื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื•ืช,
01:34
the more things you can make,
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ื›ืš ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื,
01:37
and the more patterns you can recognize
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ื•ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช
01:40
in things you might already like or love.
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ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืืชื ืื•ืœื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื—ื‘ื‘ื™ื ืื• ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื.
01:44
That said, poetry does seem to be
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ืขื ื–ืืช, ืฉื™ืจื” ืื›ืŸ ื ืจืื™ืช
01:47
especially good at certain things.
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ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžื™ื.
01:50
For example, we are all going to die.
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ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื, ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืžื•ืช.
01:56
Poetry can help us live with that.
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ืฉื™ืจื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื ื• ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืขื ื–ื”.
01:59
Poems are made of words, nothing but words.
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ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืžืžื™ืœื™ื, ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืœื‘ื“ ืžื™ืœื™ื.
02:02
The particulars in poems are like
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ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื”ื ื›ืžื•
02:04
the particularities, the personalities,
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ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“, ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช,
02:06
that distinguish people from one another.
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ืฉืžื‘ื“ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ื–ื” ืžื–ื”.
02:09
Poems are easy to share, easy to pass on,
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ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื”ื ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืžืื•ื“ ืงืœ ืœื—ืœื•ืง, ืงืœ ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ื”ืœืื”,
02:12
and when you read a poem, you can imagine
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ื•ื›ืฉืืชื ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืฉื™ืจ, ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ
02:13
someone's speaking to you or for you,
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ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืืœื™ื›ื ืื• ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื,
02:17
maybe even someone far away
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ืื•ืœื™ ืืคื™ืœื• ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืจื—ื•ืง ืžืื•ื“
02:19
or someone made up or someone deceased.
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ืื• ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืžื•ืžืฆื ืื• ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉื ืคื˜ืจ.
02:24
That's why we can go to poems when we want to
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ื–ืืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืคื ื•ืช ืืœ ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื
02:28
remember something or someone,
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ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืžืฉื”ื• ืื• ืžื™ืฉื”ื•,
02:31
to celebrate or to look beyond death
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ืœื—ื’ื•ื’ ืื• ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืžื•ื•ืช
02:34
or to say goodbye,
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ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืฉืœื•ื,
02:36
and that's one reason poems can seem important,
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ื•ื–ื• ืกื™ื‘ื” ืื—ืช ืฉื‘ื’ืœืœื” ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ืจืื•ืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื,
02:40
even to people who aren't me,
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ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื ืœื ืื ื™,
02:42
who don't so much live in a world of words.
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ืฉืœื ื—ื™ื™ื ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ื›ืš ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœ ืžื™ืœื™ื.
02:46
The poet Frank O'Hara said,
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ื”ืžืฉื•ืจืจ ืคืจืื ืง ืื•ื”ืจื” ืืžืจ,
02:48
"If you don't need poetry, bully for you,"
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"ืื ืืชื” ืœื ื–ืงื•ืง ืœืฉื™ืจื”, ื™ื•ืคื™ ืœืš",
02:52
but he also said when he didn't want to be alive anymore,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ื’ื ืืžืจ ืฉื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ืจืฆื” ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ,
02:55
the thought that he wouldn't write any more poems
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ืฉื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื™ืจื™ื
02:58
had stopped him.
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ืขืฆืจื” ืื•ืชื•.
03:00
Poetry helps me want to be alive,
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ืฉื™ืจื” ืขื•ื–ืจืช ืœื™ ืœืจืฆื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื,
03:02
and I want to show you why by showing you how,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื›ื ืœืžื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš ืฉืื ื™ ืืจืื” ืœื›ื ืื™ืš,
03:05
how a couple of poems react to the fact that
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ืื™ืš ื–ื•ื’ ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืžื’ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื”
03:08
we're alive in one place at one time in one culture,
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื—ื“ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืื—ืช,
03:11
and in another we won't be alive at all.
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ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ ืœื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ.
03:16
So here's one of the first poems I memorized.
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ืื– ื”ื ื” ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืฉื™ื ื ืชื™ ื‘ืขืœ ืคื”.
03:20
It could address a child or an adult.
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ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ืขื“ ืœื™ืœื“ ืื• ืœืžื‘ื•ื’ืจ.
03:25
"From far, from eve and morning
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"ืžืจื—ื•ืง, ืžืขืจื‘ ื•ืžื‘ื•ืงืจ
03:28
From yon twelve-winded sky,
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ืžืฉืžื™ื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืฉืชื™ื-ืขืฉืจ ืจื•ื—ื•ืช
03:31
The stuff of life to knit me
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ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืœืื—ื“ ืื•ืชื™
03:33
Blew hither; here am I.
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ื ืฉื‘ ืœื›ืœ ืขื‘ืจ; ื”ื ื ื™.
03:35
Now โ€” for a breath I tarry
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ื›ืขืช-- ืœื ืฉื™ืžื” ืื ื™ ืžืชืžื”ืžื”
03:37
Nor yet disperse apart โ€”
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ื•ื’ื ืขื•ื“ ืœื ืžืชืคื–ืจ--
03:40
Take my hand quick and tell me,
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ืงื—ื™ ืืช ื™ื“ื™ ืžื”ืจื” ื•ืืžืจื™ ืœื™,
03:42
What have you in your heart.
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ืžื” ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื‘ืœื™ื‘ืš.
03:44
Speak now, and I will answer;
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ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื•ืื ื™ ืืขื ื”;
03:46
How shall I help you, say;
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ืื™ืš ืืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืš, ืืžืจื™;
03:49
Ere to the wind's twelve quarters
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ื™ื-ืขืฉืจ ืจื‘ืขื™ ื”ืจื•ื—
03:51
I take my endless way."
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ืืœืš ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™ืช."
03:54
[A. E. Housman]
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[ื.ื. ื”ืื•ืกืžืŸ]
03:56
Now, this poem has appealed
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื”ืฉื™ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืงืกื
03:58
to science fiction writers.
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ืœื›ื•ืชื‘ื™ ืžื“ืข ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื ื™.
03:59
It's furnished at least three science fiction titles,
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ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืกืคืจื™ ืžื“ืข ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื ื™,
04:02
I think because it says poems can brings us news
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืฉื™ืจื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื ื• ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช.
04:05
from the future or the past
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ืžื”ืขืชื™ื“ ืื• ืžื”ืขื‘ืจ
04:07
or across the world,
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ืื• ืžื”ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื,
04:10
because their patterns can seem to tell you
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื ืจืื” ืฉื”ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืœืš
04:12
what's in somebody's heart.
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ืžื” ื™ืฉ ื‘ืœื™ื‘ื• ืฉืœ ืžื™ืฉื”ื•.
04:14
It says poems can bring people together temporarily,
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ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืฉื™ืจื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื—ื“ ืœื–ืžืŸ ืžืกื•ื™ื
04:17
which I think is true,
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ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืžื•ืฆื ืœื ื›ื•ืŸ
04:19
and it sticks in my head not just because it rhymes
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ื•ื–ื” ื ื“ื‘ืง ืœื™ ื‘ืจืืฉ ืœื ืจืง ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื–ื” ืžืชื—ืจื–
04:23
but for how it rhymes,
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ืืœื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ื–ื” ืžืชื—ืจื–
04:24
cleanly and simply on the two and four,
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ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื ืงื™ ื•ืคืฉื•ื˜, ืขืœ ื”"2" ื•ืขืœ ื”"4"
04:26
"say" and "way,"
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"ืืžืจื™" ื•"ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™"
04:28
with anticipatory hints on the one and three,
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ืขื ืจืžื–ื™ื ืžื˜ืจื™ืžื™ื ืขืœ ื”"3" ื•ื”"1"
04:31
"answer" and "quarters,"
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"ืืขื ื”" ื•"ืจื‘ืขื™"
04:32
as if the poem itself were coming together.
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ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ืฉื™ืจ ืขืฆืžื• ืžืชื’ื‘ืฉ.
04:36
It plays up the fact that we die
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ื–ื” ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื ืžื•ืช
04:38
by exaggerating the speed of our lives.
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ื–ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ื•
04:40
A few years on Earth become
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ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืื“ืžื” ื”ื•ืคื›ื•ืช
04:43
one speech, one breath.
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ืœืืžื™ืจื” ืื—ืช, ื ืฉื™ืžื” ืื—ืช.
04:45
It's a poem about loneliness --
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ื–ื” ืฉื™ืจ ืขืœ ื‘ื“ื™ื“ื•ืช
04:47
the "I" in the poem feels no connection will last โ€”
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ื”"ืื ื™" ื‘ืฉื™ืจ ืœื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืฉื•ื ืงืฉืจ-
04:50
and it might look like a plea for help
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ื•ื–ื• ืื•ืœื™ ื ืจืื™ืช ื›ืžื• ืชื—ื™ื ื” ืœืขื–ืจื”
04:52
'til you get to the word "help,"
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ืขื“ ืฉืืชื” ืžื’ื™ืข ืœืžื™ืœื” "ืขื–ืจื”"
04:55
where this "I" facing you, taking your hand,
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ื›ืฉื”"ืื ื™" ื”ื–ื” ืฉืžื•ืœืš ืœื•ืงื— ืืช ื™ื“ืš,
04:57
is more like a teacher or a genie,
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ื›ืžื• ืื™ื–ื” ืžื•ืจื” ืื• ื’'ื™ื ื™,
04:59
or at least that's what he wants to believe.
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ืื• ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ.
05:02
It would not be the first time a poet had
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ื–ื• ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ื” ืžืฉื•ืจืจ
05:05
written the poem that he wanted to hear.
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ื›ืชื‘ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืจืฆื” ืœืฉืžื•ืข.
05:10
Now, this next poem really changed
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื”ืฉื™ืจ ื”ื‘ื ืžืžืฉ ืฉื™ื ื”
05:13
what I liked and what I read
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ืืช ืžื” ืฉืื”ื‘ืชื™ ื•ืืช ืžื” ืฉืงืจืืชื™
05:15
and what I felt I could read as an adult.
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ื•ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ืจื’ืฉืชื™ ืฉืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงืจื•ื ื›ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจ.
05:17
It might not make any sense to you
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ื–ื” ืื•ืœื™ ืœื ื™ืฉืžืข ืœื›ื ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™
05:19
if you haven't seen it before.
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ืื ืœื ืจืื™ืชื ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืขื‘ืจ.
05:22
"The Garden"
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"ื”ื’ืŸ"
05:25
"Oleander: coral
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"ื”ืจื“ื•ืฃ: ืืœืžื•ื’
05:27
from lipstick ads in the 50's.
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ืžืคืจืกื•ืžื•ืช ืœื™ืคืกื˜ื™ืง ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-50
05:30
Fruit of the tree of such knowledge
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ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืขืฅ ืขื ื™ื“ืข ื›ื–ื”
05:33
To smack (thin air)
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"ืœื”ื›ื•ืช" (ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื“ืง)
05:35
meaning kiss or hit.
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ืžืฉืžืข ืœื ืฉืง ืื• ืœื”ืจื‘ื™ืฅ.
05:37
It appears
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ื–ื” ื ืจืื”
05:38
in the guise of outworn usages
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ื›ื‘ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ืžืžื•ืจื˜ ืžืจื•ื‘ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ
05:40
because we are bad?
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ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืื ื• ืจืขื™ื?
05:43
Big masculine threat,
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ืื™ื•ื ื’ื‘ืจื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ,
05:44
insinuating and slangy."
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ืจื•ืžื– ื•ืกืœื ื’ื™."
05:47
[Rae Armantrout]
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[ืจื™ื™ ืืจืžื ื˜ืจืื•ื˜- ืชืจื’ื•ื ืœื ืจืฉืžื™
05:49
Now, I found this poem in an anthology
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืื ื™ ืžืฆืืชื™ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื”ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ืฉื™ืจื™ื
05:52
of almost equally confusing poems in 1989.
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ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืœื‘ื•ืœื ื‘1989.
05:55
I just heard that there were these scandalous writers
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ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืฉืžืขืชื™ ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉื•ืจืจื™ื ื”ืฉืขืจื•ืจื™ื™ืชื™ื ื”ืืœื”
05:57
called Language poets who didn't make any sense,
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ืฉื ืงืจืื• "ืžืฉื•ืจืจื™ ืฉืคื”", ื•ืœื ื›ืชื‘ื• ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™,
05:59
and I wanted to go and see for myself what they were like,
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ื•ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœืœื›ืช ื•ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ืขืฆืžื™ ืื™ืš ื”ื.
06:02
and some of them didn't do much for me,
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ื—ืœืงื ืœื ืขืฉื• ืขื‘ื•ืจื™ ื›ืœื•ื,
06:03
but this writer, Rae Armantrout,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžืฉื•ืจืจืช ื”ื–ื•, ืจื™ื™ ืืจืžื ื˜ืจืื•ื˜,
06:05
did an awful lot, and I kept reading her
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ืขืฉืชื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ ื”ืžื•ืŸ, ื•ื”ืžืฉื›ืชื™ ืœืงืจื•ื ืื•ืชื”
06:08
until I felt I knew what was going on,
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ืขื“ ืฉื”ืจื’ืฉืชื™ ืฉืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžื” ืงื•ืจื”,
06:11
as I do with this poem.
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ื›ืžื• ืฉืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ื‘ืฉื™ืจ ื”ื–ื”.
06:12
It's about the Garden of Eden and the Fall
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ื”ื•ื ืขืœ ื’ืŸ ื”ืขื“ืŸ ื•ื”ื ืคื™ืœื”,
06:15
and the Biblical story of the Fall,
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ื•ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืชื "ื›ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื ืคื™ืœื”,
06:19
in which sex as we know it
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ื‘ื• ืกืงืก ื›ืคื™ ืฉืื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื•,
06:21
and death and guilt
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ื•ืžื•ื•ืช ื•ืืฉืžื”
06:22
come into the world at the same time.
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ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืื“ืžื” ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ.
06:24
It's also about how appearances deceive,
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ื–ื” ื’ื ืขืœ ืื™ืš ืฉืžืจืื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื˜ืขื•ืช,
06:26
how our culture can sweep us along
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ืื™ืš ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืกื—ื•ืฃ ืื•ืชื ื• ื”ืœืื”,
06:29
into doing and saying things we didn't intend
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ืขื“ ืฉื ืขืฉื” ื•ื ื’ื™ื“ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื™ื”ื ืœื ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ื ื•
06:31
or don't like, and Armantrout's style
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ืื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื, ื•ื”ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืืจืžื ื˜ืจืื•ื˜
06:34
is trying to help us stop or slow down.
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ืžื ืกื” ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื ื• ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืื• ืœื”ืื˜.
06:37
"Smack" can mean "kiss" as in air kisses,
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"ืœื”ื›ื•ืช" ืžืฉืžืข "ืœื ืฉืง" ื›ืžื• ื ืฉื™ืงื•ืช ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ืจ,
06:41
as in lip-smacking,
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ื›ืžื• ืœื”ื›ื•ืช ืฉืคืชื™ื™ื,
06:42
but that can lead to "smack" as in "hit"
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœ"ืœื”ื›ื•ืช" ื›ืžื• "ืœื”ืจื‘ื™ืฅ"
06:45
as in domestic abuse,
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ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœ ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช,
06:47
because sexual attraction can seem threatening.
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ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืžื™ื ื™ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื“ืžื•ืช ื›ืžืื™ื™ืžืช.
06:51
The red that means fertility
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ื”ืื“ื•ื ืฉืžืฉืžืขื• "ืคื•ืจื™ื•ืช"
06:53
can also mean poison.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื’ื ืœื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืขืœ "ืจืขืœ".
06:55
Oleander is poisonous.
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ื”ืจื“ื•ืฃ ื”ื•ื ืจืขื™ืœ.
06:56
And outworn usages like "smack" for "kiss"
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ื•ืžืžื•ืจื˜ ืžืจื•ื‘ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื›ืžื• "ืœื”ื›ื•ืช" ืขื‘ื•ืจ "ื ืฉื™ืงื”"
06:59
or "hit" can help us see
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ืื• "ืœื”ืจื‘ื™ืฅ" ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื ื• ืœืจืื•ืช
07:02
how our unacknowledged assumptions
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ืื™ืš ื”ื ื—ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื”ืœื-ืžื•ืฉื›ืœื•ืช
07:04
can make us believe we are bad,
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื ื• ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจืขื™ื,
07:06
either because sex is sinful
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ืื• ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืกืงืก ื–ื” ื—ื˜ื
07:08
or because we tolerate so much sexism.
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ืื• ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืกื•ื‘ืœื ื™ื ื›ืœืคื™ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืกืงืกื™ื–ื.
07:11
We let guys tell women what to do.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื ืฉื™ื ืžื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช.
07:14
The poem reacts to old lipstick ads,
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ื”ืฉื™ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืžื’ื™ื‘ ืœืคืจืกื•ืžื•ืช ื™ืฉื ื•ืช ืœืœื™ืคืกื˜ื™ืง,
07:17
and its edginess about statement,
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ื•ื”ืงื•ืฆื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื• ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ืฆื”ืจื•ืช,
07:19
its reversals and halts, have everything to do
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ื”ื”ื—ืœืคื•ืช ื‘ื• ื•ื”ืขืฆื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื•, ืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืงืฉืจ ื”ื“ื•ืง
07:21
with resisting the language of ads
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ืขื ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ืœืฉืคืช ื”ืคืจืกื•ืžื•ืช
07:24
that want to tell us so easily what to want,
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ืฉืžืชื™ื™ืžืจืช ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื ื• ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื,
07:27
what to do, what to think.
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ืžื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช, ืžื” ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘.
07:28
That resistance is a lot of the point of the poem,
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ื”ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ื”ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช ื‘ืฉื™ืจ
07:31
which shows me, Armantrout shows me
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ืžื” ืฉืžืจืื” ืœื™, ืืจืžื ื˜ืจืื•ื˜ ืžืจืื” ืœื™
07:33
what it's like to hear grave threats
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ืื™ืš ื–ื” ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืื™ื•ืžื™ ืžื•ื•ืช
07:35
and mortal dishonesty in the language
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ื•ื—ื•ืกืจ ื›ื ื•ืช ืื ื•ืฉื™ ื‘ืฉืคืช
07:37
of everyday life, and once she's done that,
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ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ื, ื•ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื–ื”,
07:40
I think she can show other people, women and men,
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœืื—ืจื™ื, ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื’ื‘ืจื™ื,
07:44
what it's like to feel that way
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ืื™ืš ื–ื” ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื›ื›ื”
07:46
and say to other people, women and men
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ื•ืœื•ืžืจ ืœืื—ืจื™ื, ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื ืฉื™ื
07:49
who feel so alienated or so threatened
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ืฉืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžื ื•ื›ืจื™ื ืื• ืžืื•ื™ืžื™ื
07:52
that they're not alone.
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ืฉื”ื ืœื ืœื‘ื“.
07:54
Now, how do I know that I'm right
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืื™ืš ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉืื ื™ ืฆื•ื“ืง
07:57
about this somewhat confusing poem?
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ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืฉื™ืจ ื”ืžื‘ืœื‘ืœ ื”ื–ื”?
07:59
Well in this case, I emailed the poet a draft of my talk
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœื—ืชื™ ืœืžืฉื•ืจืจืช ื˜ื™ื•ื˜ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืจืฆืื” ืฉืœื™
08:02
and she said, "Yeah, yeah, that's about it."
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื”, "ื›ืŸ ื›ืŸ, ื–ื” ื‘ืขืจืš ืขืœ ื–ื”".
08:05
Yeah. (Laughter) (Applause)
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ื›ืŸ. (ืฆื—ื•ืง) (ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
08:08
But usually, you can't know. You never know.
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ, ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื“ืขืช. ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืืฃ ืคืขื ืœื“ืขืช.
08:11
You can't be sure, and that's okay.
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ืืชื” ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื•ื—, ื•ื–ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจ.
08:14
All we can do we is listen to poems
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ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ื” ืœื”ืงืฉื™ื‘ ืœืฉื™ืจื™ื
08:16
and look at poems and guess
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ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ื”ื ื•ืœื ื—ืฉ
08:17
and see if they can bring us what we need,
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ื•ืœืจืื•ืช ืื ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืชืช ืœื ื• ืืช ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื,
08:20
and if you're wrong about some part of a poem,
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ื•ืื ื˜ืขื™ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื—ืœืง ื‘ืฉื™ืจ,
08:23
nothing bad will happen.
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ืœื ืงืจื” ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ.
08:27
Now, this next poem is older than Armantrout's,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื”ืฉื™ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื™ืฉืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื–ื” ืฉืœ ืืจืžื ื˜ืจืื•ื˜,
08:29
but a little younger than A. E. Housman's.
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืžืขื˜ ืฆืขื™ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื–ื” ืฉืœ ื.ื. ื”ืื•ืกืžืŸ.
08:33
"The Brave Man"
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"ื”ืื™ืฉ ื”ืืžื™ืฅ"
08:35
"The sun, that brave man,
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"ื”ืฉืžืฉ, ื”ืื™ืฉ ื”ืืžื™ืฅ,
08:38
Comes through boughs that lie in wait,
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ื™ื•ืฆืืช ื“ืจืš ืขื ืคื™ื ืฉืฉื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ื•ืžื—ื›ื™ื,
08:40
That brave man.
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ื”ืื™ืฉ ื”ืืžื™ืฅ ื”ื–ื”.
08:43
Green and gloomy eyes
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ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื™ืจื•ืงื•ืช ื•ืขื’ืžื•ืžื™ื•ืช
08:44
In dark forms of the grass
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ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ ืขืฉื‘ ืืคืœื™ื
08:46
Run away.
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ื‘ืจื—.
08:48
The good stars,
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ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื,
08:49
Pale helms and spiky spurs,
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ื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ื—ื™ื•ื•ืจ ื•ื“ืจื‘ืŸ ื“ื•ืงืจื ื™,
08:52
Run away.
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ื‘ืจื—.
08:54
Fears of my bed,
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ืคื—ื“ ืžืžืฉื›ื‘ื™,
08:55
Fears of life and fears of death,
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ืคื—ื“ื™ื ืžื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืคื—ื“ื™ื ืžืžื•ื•ืช,
08:57
Run away.
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ื‘ืจื—.
08:59
That brave man comes up
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ื”ืื™ืฉ ื”ืืžื™ืฅ ืžืชืงืจื‘,
09:01
From below and walks without meditation,
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ืžืœืžื˜ื” ื•ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืœื ื”ืจื”ื•ืจื™ื,
09:04
That brave man."
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ื”ืื™ืฉ ื”ืืžื™ืฅ ื”ื–ื”."
09:06
[Wallace Stevens]
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[ื•ื•ืืœืืก ืกื˜ื™ื‘ื ืก]
09:09
Now, the sun in this poem,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื”ืฉืžืฉ ื‘ืฉื™ืจ,
09:11
in Wallace Stevens' poem, seems so grave
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ื‘ืฉื™ืจ ืฉืœ ื•ื•ืืœืืก ืกื˜ื™ื‘ื ืก, ื ืจืื™ืช ื›ื” ื—ืžื•ืจื”
09:14
because the person in the poem is so afraid.
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ื›ื™ ื”ืื™ืฉ ื‘ืฉื™ืจ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžืคื—ื“.
09:17
The sun comes up in the morning through branches,
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ื”ืฉืžืฉ ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื“ืจืš ืขื ืคื™ื,
09:20
dispels the dew, the eyes, on the grass,
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ืžืฆื™ื’ื” ืืช ื”ื˜ืœ, ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื, ืขืœ ื”ื“ืฉื,
09:23
and defeats stars envisioned as armies.
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ื•ืžื‘ื™ืกื” ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ืฉื ื“ืžื™ื ื›ืฆื‘ืื•ืช.
09:26
"Brave" has its old sense of showy
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ืœ"ืืžื™ืฅ" ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืขืชื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ืจืื•ื•ืชื ื™
09:28
as well as its modern sense, courage.
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ื›ืžื• ื’ื ืืช ื”ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช, ืื•ืžืฅ ืœื‘.
09:30
This sun is not afraid to show his face.
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ื”ืฉืžืฉ ืœื ืžืคื—ื“ืช ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืืช ืคื ื™ื”.
09:34
But the person in the poem is afraid.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืื™ืฉ ื‘ืฉื™ืจ ื›ืŸ ืžืคื—ื“.
09:37
He might have been up all night.
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ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืขืจ ื›ืœ ื”ืœื™ืœื”.
09:38
That is the reveal Stevens saves for that fourth stanza,
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ื–ื• ื”ืชื’ืœื™ืช ืฉืกื˜ื™ื‘ืŸ ื—ื•ืฉืฃ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™,
09:42
where run away has become a refrain.
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ื›ืฉื‘ืจื— ื”ื•ืคืš ืœืคื–ืžื•ืŸ ื—ื•ื–ืจ.
09:45
This person might want to run away too,
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ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ื•ื’ื ื”ืื™ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื‘ืจื•ื—,
09:47
but fortified by the sun's example,
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ืื‘ืœ ืžืื•ืฉืฉ ืžื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืžืฉ,
09:50
he might just rise.
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ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ื•ื’ื ื”ื•ื ื™ืขืœื”.
09:52
Stevens saves that sonically odd word "meditation"
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ืกื˜ื™ื‘ื ืก ืฉื•ืžืจ ืืช ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ืžืฉื•ื ื” "ื”ืจื”ื•ืจื™ื"
09:57
for the end.
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ืœืกื•ืฃ.
09:58
Unlike the sun, human beings think.
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ืœื ื›ืžื• ื”ืฉืžืฉ, ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื.
10:01
We meditate on past and future, life and death,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื”ืจื”ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืขื‘ืจ ื•ืขืชื™ื“, ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืžื•ื•ืช,
10:05
above and below.
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ืžืžืขืœ ื•ืžืœืžื˜ื”.
10:08
And it can make us afraid.
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ื•ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื ื• ืœืคื—ื“.
10:12
Poems, the patterns in poems,
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ืฉื™ืจื™ื, ื”ื“ืคื•ืก ื”ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืจื™ื,
10:14
show us not just what somebody thought
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ืžืจืื™ื ืœื ื• ืœื ืจืง ืžื” ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื—ืฉื‘
10:16
or what someone did or what happened
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ืื• ืžื” ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืขืฉื”, ืื• ืžื” ืงืจื”
10:17
but what it was like to be a person like that,
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ืืœื ืื™ืš ื–ื” ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื“ื ื›ื–ื”,
10:22
to be so anxious, so lonely, so inquisitive,
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ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ื” ื—ืจื“, ื›ื” ื‘ื•ื“ื“, ื›ื” ื—ืงืจืŸ,
10:26
so goofy, so preposterous, so brave.
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ื›ื” ืžื’ื•ื—ืš, ื›ื” ืื‘ืกื•ืจื“ื™, ื›ื” ืืžื™ืฅ.
10:32
That's why poems can seem at once so durable,
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ื–ืืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœื” ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื‘ืจื™-ืงื™ื™ืžื
10:35
so personal, and so ephemeral,
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ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื, ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื‘ื ื™ ื—ืœื•ืฃ,
10:37
like something inside and outside you at once.
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ื›ืžื• ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ื•ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืœืš ื‘ื• ื–ืžื ื™ืช.
10:41
The Scottish poet Denise Riley compares poetry
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ื”ืžืฉื•ืจืจ ื”ืกืงื•ื˜ื• ื“ื ื™ืก ืจื™ื™ืœื™ ืžืฉื•ื•ื” ืฉื™ืจื”
10:44
to a needle, a sliver of outside I cradle inside,
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ืœืžื—ื˜, ืฉื‘ื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ืฉืื ื™ ืžืขืจืกืœ ืœื‘ืคื ื™ื.
10:48
and the American poet Terrance Hayes
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ื”ืžืฉื•ืจืจ ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ ื˜ืจื ืก ื”ืื™ื™ืก
10:50
wrote six poems called "Wind in a Box."
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ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื™ืฉื” ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืฉื ืงืจืื™ื "ืจื•ื— ื‘ืงื•ืคืกื”".
10:53
One of them asks, "Tell me,
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ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ืžื‘ืงืฉ, "ืืžื•ืจ ืœื™,
10:55
what am I going to do when I'm dead?"
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ืžื” ืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืฉืืžื•ืช?"
10:58
And the answer is that he'll stay with us
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ื•ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ืฉืืจ ืื™ืชื ื•
11:00
or won't stay with us inside us as wind,
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ืื• ืฉืœื ื™ืฉืืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื• ื›ืžื• ืจื•ื—,
11:03
as air, as words.
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ื›ืžื• ืื•ื•ื™ืจ, ื›ืžื• ืžื™ืœื™ื.
11:06
It is easier than ever to find poems
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ืงืœ ืžืชืžื™ื“ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืฉื™ืจื™ื
11:09
that might stay inside you, that might stay with you,
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ืฉืื•ืœื™ ื™ืฉืืจื• ื‘ืชื•ื›ืš, ืฉืื•ืœื™ ื™ืฉืืจื• ืื™ืชืš,
11:13
from long, long ago, or from right this minute,
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ืžื™ืžื™ื ื™ืžื™ืžื”, ืื• ืžืจื’ืข ื–ื”,
11:15
from far away or from right close to where you live,
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ืžืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืจื—ื•ืงื™ื ืื• ืžืงืจื‘ืช ื‘ื™ืชืš,
11:18
almost no matter where you live.
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ื›ืžืขื˜ ื•ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืืชื” ื’ืจ.
11:21
Poems can help you say, help you show how you're feeling,
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ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืš ืœื”ื’ื™ื“, ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืื™ืš ืืชื” ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ,
11:24
but they can also introduce you
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื’ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืœืš
11:27
to feelings, ways of being in the world,
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ืจื’ืฉื•ืช, ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
11:29
people, very much unlike you,
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ืื ืฉื™ื, ืžืื“ ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืžืžืš,
11:32
maybe even people from long, long ago.
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ืื•ืœื™ ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื™ืžื™ื ื™ืžื™ืžื”.
11:36
Some poems even tell you
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ื™ืฉ ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœืš
11:38
that that is what they can do.
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ืฉื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช.
11:43
That's what John Keats is doing
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื’'ื•ืืŸ ืงื™ื˜ืก ืขื•ืฉื”
11:45
in his most mysterious, perhaps, poem.
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ื‘ืฉื™ืจ ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื›ื™ ืžืกืชื•ืจื™ ืฉืœื•.
11:50
It's mysterious because it's probably unfinished,
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ื”ื•ื ืžืกืชื•ืจื™ ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ื ืจืื” ืœื ื’ืžื•ืจ,
11:54
he probably left it unfinished,
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ื”ื•ื ื›ื ืจืื” ื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืื•ืชื• ืœื ื’ืžื•ืจ,
11:56
and because it might be meant
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ื•ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืื•ืœื™ ื–ื” ื ื•ืขื“
11:58
for a character in a play,
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ืœื“ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžื—ื–ื”,
12:00
but it might just be Keats' thinking
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ืื‘ืœ ืื•ืœื™ ืืœื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงื™ื˜ืก
12:02
about what his own writing,
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ืขืœ ืžื” ื”ื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœื•,
12:04
his handwriting, could do,
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ื›ืชื‘ ื”ื™ื“ ืฉืœื• ืขืฆืžื•, ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช,
12:06
and in it I hear, at least I hear, mortality,
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ื•ื‘ื–ื” ืื ื™ ืฉื•ืžืข, ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืื ื™ ืฉื•ืžืข, ืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ื‘ืช ื—ืœื•ืฃ.
12:10
and I hear the power of older poetic techniques,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืฉื•ืžืข ืืช ื”ื›ื— ืฉืœ ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื•ืช ืฉื™ืจื” ืขืชื™ืงื•ืช,
12:13
and I have the feeling, you might have the feeling,
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื”ืจื’ืฉื”, ืื•ืœื™ ืœื›ื ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื’ืฉื”,
12:16
of meeting even for an instant, almost becoming,
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ืฉืœ ืคื’ื™ืฉื” ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืจื’ืข, ื›ืžืขื˜ ื”ืคื™ื›ื”
12:19
someone else from long ago,
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ืœืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ, ืžืžื–ืžืŸ,
12:20
someone quite memorable.
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ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉืงืฉื” ืœืฉื›ื—.
12:23
"This living hand, now warm and capable
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" ื”ื™ื“ ื”ื—ื™ื” ื”ื–ืืช, ื›ืขืช ื—ืžื” ื•ืžืกื•ื’ืœืช
12:26
Of earnest grasping, would, if it were cold
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ืœืชืคื™ืกื”, ื”ื™ืชื”, ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืงืจื”,
12:30
And in the icy silence of the tomb,
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ื•ื‘ื“ืžืžืช ื”ืงืจื— ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘ืจ,
12:32
So haunt thy days and chill thy dreaming nights
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ืคืงื“ื” ืืช ื™ืžื™ ื”ืงื•ืจ, ื‘ืœื™ืœื•ืช ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืช
12:36
That thou would wish thine own heart dry of blood
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ืื– ืชื™ื™ื—ืœ ืฉืœื™ื‘ืš ืฉืœืš ื™ื™ื‘ืฉ ืžื“ื
12:40
So in my veins red life might stream again,
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ื›ืš ืฉื‘ื•ื•ืจื™ื“ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืื“ื•ืžื™ื ื™ื–ืจืžื• ืฉื•ื‘,
12:43
And thou be conscience-calmโ€™d -- see here it is --
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ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ืฉืงื˜ ืžืฆืคื•ืŸ-- ืจืื”, ื”ื ื” ื–ื”--
12:48
I hold it towards you."
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ืื ื™ ืžื—ื–ื™ืง ืืช ื–ื” ืžื•ืœืš."
12:53
Thanks.
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ืชื•ื“ื”.
12:55
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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