Alice Goffman: How we're priming some kids for college — and others for prison

Translator: Abe Felisa Reviewer: Laksmi Wijayanti

On the path that American children travel to adulthood,

Proses kedewasaan anak-anak Amerika

two institutions oversee the journey.

dinaungi oleh dua institusi.

The first is the one we hear a lot about: college.

Yang pertama yang sering kita dengar adalah: universitas.

Some of you may remember the excitement that you felt

Beberapa dari Anda mungkin ingat betapa bersemangat Anda

when you first set off for college.

saat pertama kali berangkat kuliah.

Some of you may be in college right now

Beberapa dari Anda mungkin sedang kuliah saat ini

and you're feeling this excitement at this very moment.

dan Anda merasakan semangat yang sama sekarang.

College has some shortcomings.

Universitas punya beberapa kekurangan.

It's expensive; it leaves young people in debt.

Biayanya mahal, dan banyak orang muda yang harus berhutang.

But all in all, it's a pretty good path.

Tapi kesimpulannya, ini langkah yang cukup baik.

Young people emerge from college with pride and with great friends

Mereka lulus dengan kebanggaan dan teman-teman yang hebat

and with a lot of knowledge about the world.

serta banyak pengetahuan tentang dunia.

And perhaps most importantly,

Dan mungkin yang terpenting:

a better chance in the labor market than they had before they got there.

kesempatan kerja yang lebih baik daripada sebelum mereka kuliah.

Today I want to talk about the second institution

Hari ini saya ingin bicara mengenai institusi yang kedua

overseeing the journey from childhood to adulthood in the United States.

yang menaungi proses kedewasaan anak-anak di Amerika.

And that institution is prison.

Dan institusi tersebut adalah penjara.

Young people on this journey are meeting with probation officers

Dalam proses yang satu ini, anak-anak muda bertemu dengan petugas lapas,

instead of with teachers.

bukannya guru.

They're going to court dates instead of to class.

Mereka pergi ke sidang pengadilan alih-alih pergi ke kelas.

Their junior year abroad is instead a trip to a state correctional facility.

Kunjungan tahun pertama mereka adalah ke Lembaga Permasyarakatan.

And they're emerging from their 20s

Dan mereka melalui usia 20an,

not with degrees in business and English,

bukan dengan gelar bisnis dan Bahasa Inggris,

but with criminal records.

tapi catatan kriminal mereka.

This institution is also costing us a lot,

Institusi ini juga menghabiskan banyak biaya.

about 40,000 dollars a year

Memasukkan seorang pemuda

to send a young person to prison in New Jersey.

ke penjara di New Jersey menghabiskan sekitar USD 40,000 per tahun.

But here, taxpayers are footing the bill

Tapi di sini, para wajib pajak taat pajak

and what kids are getting is a cold prison cell

dan apa yang anak-anak dapatkan adalah sel penjara yang dingin

and a permanent mark against them when they come home

dan reputasi negatif ketika mereka pulang

and apply for work.

dan melamar kerja.

There are more and more kids on this journey to adulthood

Jumlah anak-anak yang melalui proses yang terakhir ini semakin bertambah

than ever before in the United States and that's because in the past 40 years,

lebih banyak di Amerika, karena pada 40 tahun terakhir,

our incarceration rate has grown by 700 percent.

tingkat penahanan kita telah meningkat 700 persen.

I have one slide for this talk.

Saya ingin menunjukkan sesuatu.

Here it is.

Ini dia.

Here's our incarceration rate,

Inilah tingkat penahanan kita:

about 716 people per 100,000 in the population.

sekitar 716 orang per 100,000 populasi.

Ini negara-negara OECD.

Here's the OECD countries.

What's more, it's poor kids that we're sending to prison,

Ironis, anak- anak miskinlah yang sering masuk ke penjara;

too many drawn from African-American and Latino communities

banyak sekali yang berasal dari komunitas Afrika-Amerika dan Latin

so that prison now stands firmly between the young people trying to make it

sehingga penjara kini menjadi batas antara anak muda yang mencoba

and the fulfillment of the American Dream.

memenuhi impiannya yang ideal di Amerika.

The problem's actually a bit worse than this

Masalahnya sebenarnya sedikit lebih buruk dari ini

'cause we're not just sending poor kids to prison,

karena selain mengirimkan anak-anak miskin ke penjara,

we're saddling poor kids with court fees,

kita membebani anak-anak miskin ini dengan biaya pengadilan,

with probation and parole restrictions,

dengan masa percobaan dan pembebasan bersyarat,

with low-level warrants,

dengan surat penangkapan dan penahanan,

we're asking them to live in halfway houses and on house arrest,

kita menempatkan mereka di rumah singgah dan rumah tahanan,

and we're asking them to negotiate a police force

dan kita meminta mereka untuk bernegosiasi dengan petugas polisi

that is entering poor communities of color,

yang memasuki komunitas kulit berwarna yang miskin,

not for the purposes of promoting public safety,

bukan untuk mengadvokasikan keamanan umum,

but to make arrest counts, to line city coffers.

tapi menghitung jumlah penangkapan dan mengisi pundi-pundi kota.

This is the hidden underside to our historic experiment in punishment:

Inilah sisi tersembunyi dalam sejarah eksperimen kita dengan hukuman:

young people worried that at any moment, they will be stopped, searched and seized.

anak-anak muda khawatir setiap saat akan dicegat, digeledah, dan ditangkap;

Not just in the streets, but in their homes,

tidak hanya di jalanan, tapi rumah-rumah mereka,

at school and at work.

di sekolah dan di tempat kerja.

I got interested in this other path to adulthood

Saya mulai tertarik pada proses kedewasaan yang ini

when I was myself a college student

sewaktu saya sendiri masih seorang mahasiswa

attending the University of Pennsylvania

di University of Pennsylvania (Penn)

in the early 2000s.

pada awal tahun 2000-an.

Penn sits within a historic African-American neighborhood.

Penn berada di tengah pemukiman bersejarah kaum Afrika-Amerika.

So you've got these two parallel journeys going on simultaneously:

Jadi Anda bisa melihat kedua proses paralel ini berjalan bersamaan:

the kids attending this elite, private university,

anak-anak yang belajar di universitas swasta elit,

and the kids from the adjacent neighborhood,

dan anak-anak dari lingkungan lainnya,

some of whom are making it to college,

beberapa di antaranya berhasil kuliah,

and many of whom are being shipped to prison.

dan banyak yang dikirim ke penjara.

In my sophomore year, I started tutoring a young woman who was in high school

Di tahun kedua saya, saya mengajar seorang siswi SMA

who lived about 10 minutes away from the university.

yang rumahnya berjarak sekitar 10 menit dari universitas.

Soon, her cousin came home from a juvenile detention center.

Tidak lama, sepupunya pulang dari pusat tahanan remaja.

He was 15, a freshman in high school.

Dia berusia 15 tahun, baru saja masuk SMA.

I began to get to know him and his friends and family,

Saya mulai mengenal dia dan teman-temannya dan keluarganya,

and I asked him what he thought about me writing about his life

dan saya bertanya apa pendapatnya jika saya menuliskan kisah hidupnya

for my senior thesis in college.

untuk Tugas Akhir saya di universitas.

This senior thesis became a dissertation at Princeton

Tugas Akhir ini menjadi disertasi di Princeton

and now a book.

dan sekarang adalah sebuah buku.

By the end of my sophomore year,

Di akhir tahun kedua saya,

I moved into the neighborhood and I spent the next six years

Saya pindah ke lingkungan tersebut, dan selama enam tahun saya mencoba

trying to understand what young people were facing as they came of age.

untuk mengerti apa yang anak muda hadapi dalam proses menjadi dewasa.

The first week I spent in this neighborhood,

Minggu pertama saya di sana,

I saw two boys, five and seven years old,

saya melihat dua anak laki-laki berumur 5 dan 7 tahun,

play this game of chase,

bermain kejar-kejaran.

where the older boy ran after the other boy.

Yang lebih tua mengejar yang lebih muda.

He played the cop.

Dia menjadi polisinya.

When the cop caught up to the younger boy,

Sewaktu si polisi menangkap anak yang lebih muda,

he pushed him down,

dia mendorongnya ke tanah,

handcuffed him with imaginary handcuffs,

memborgolnya dengan borgol bohongan,

took a quarter out of the other child's pocket,

mengambil 25 sen dari kantong anak itu,

saying, "I'm seizing that."

dan berkata, "Ini saya sita."

He asked the child if he was carrying any drugs

Dia bertanya apakah anak itu membawa narkoba

or if he had a warrant.

atau apakah dia punya surat penangkapan.

Many times, I saw this game repeated,

Sering kali, saya melihat permainan ini berulang.

sometimes children would simply give up running,

Terkadang anak-anak berhenti berlari,

and stick their bodies flat against the ground

dan merebahkan tubuhnya di tanah

with their hands above their heads, or flat up against a wall.

dengan tangan di atas kepalanya atau bersandar pada dinding.

Children would yell at each other,

Mereka berteriak satu sama lain,

"I'm going to lock you up,

"Saya akan memenjarakan kamu,

I'm going to lock you up and you're never coming home!"

Saya akan memenjarakan kamu dan kamu tidak akan pernah pulang!"

Once I saw a six-year-old child pull another child's pants down

Pernah saya melihat anak berumur enam menurunkan celana anak lainnya

and try to do a cavity search.

dan melakukan penggeledahan tubuh.

In the first 18 months that I lived in this neighborhood,

Selama 18 bulan pertama,

I wrote down every time I saw any contact between police

saya akan mencatat acap kali saya melihat ada kontak antara polisi

and people that were my neighbors.

dan para tetangga saya.

So in the first 18 months,

Jadi pada 18 bulan pertama,

I watched the police stop pedestrians or people in cars,

Saya memperhatikan polisi mencegat pejalan kaki atau pengendara mobil,

search people, run people's names,

menggeledah, menyelidiki seseorang,

chase people through the streets,

mengejar orang di jalanan,

pull people in for questioning,

mempepet orang untuk ditanyai,

or make an arrest every single day, with five exceptions.

atau menangkap orang setiap hari, dengan lima pengecualian.

Fifty-two times, I watched the police break down doors,

Saya melihat polisi 52 kali mendobrak pintu,

chase people through houses

mengejar orang dari rumah ke rumah

or make an arrest of someone in their home.

atau menangkap seseorang di rumahnya.

Fourteen times in this first year and a half,

Selama satu setengah tahun pertama, 14 kali saya melihat

I watched the police punch, choke, kick, stomp on or beat young men

polisi menonjok, mencekik, menendang, menginjak, memukuli pemuda

after they had caught them.

setelah mereka menangkap mereka.

Bit by bit, I got to know two brothers,

Perlahan, saya mengenal dua orang kakak-beradik:

Chuck and Tim.

Chuck dan Tim.

Chuck was 18 when we met, a senior in high school.

Chuck berusia 18 tahun ketika itu; seorang senior di SMA.

He was playing on the basketball team and making C's and B's.

Dia tergabung di tim basket dan mendapat nilai C dan B.

His younger brother, Tim, was 10.

Adiknya, Tim, berumur 10.

And Tim loved Chuck; he followed him around a lot,

Dan Tim menyayangi Chuck; dia hampir selalu mengikuti kakaknya

looked to Chuck to be a mentor.

Ia meneladani Chuck.

They lived with their mom and grandfather

Mereka tinggal dengan ibu dan kakeknya

in a two-story row home with a front lawn and a back porch.

di rumah dua lantai dengan halaman depan dan teras belakang.

Their mom was struggling with addiction all while the boys were growing up.

Sang ibu berjuang melawan kecanduan selagi anak-anaknya tumbuh besar.

She never really was able to hold down a job for very long.

Dia tidak pernah bisa melakukan satu pekerjaan untuk waktu lama.

It was their grandfather's pension that supported the family,

Uang pensiun kakeknya lah yang menyokong keluarga itu,

not really enough to pay for food and clothes

namun tidak cukup untuk membeli makanan dan pakaian

and school supplies for growing boys.

serta peralatan sekolah mereka seiring mereka bertumbuh.

The family was really struggling.

Keluarga itu benar-benar kesulitan.

So when we met, Chuck was a senior in high school.

Jadi waktu kami bertemu, Chuck adalah senior di SMA.

He had just turned 18.

Dia baru saja menginjak umur 18 tahun.

That winter, a kid in the schoolyard

Pada musim dingin tahun itu, seorang anak di halaman sekolah

called Chuck's mom a crack whore.

menyebut ibu Chuck pelacur.

Chuck pushed the kid's face into the snow

Chuck mendorong wajah anak itu ke salju

and the school cops charged him with aggravated assault.

dan polisi sekolah menuntutnya dengan kasus penyerangan.

The other kid was fine the next day,

Anak satunya telah pulih esok harinya,

I think it was his pride that was injured more than anything.

Saya rasa yang jauh lebih terluka adalah harga dirinya.

But anyway, since Chuck was 18,

Tapi, karena Chuck berusia 18 tahun,

this agg. assault case sent him to adult county jail

kasus ini menjerumuskannya ke penjara daerah untuk orang dewasa

on State Road in northeast Philadelphia,

di State Road di timur laut Philadelphia,

where he sat, unable to pay the bail -- he couldn't afford it --

dimana ia tidak dapat membayar uang jaminan karena tidak mampu

while the trial dates dragged on and on and on

sementara persidangannya terus-menerus ditunda,

through almost his entire senior year.

menghabiskan setahun terakhirnya di sekolah.

Finally, near the end of this season,

Akhirnya, mendekati akhir musim itu,

the judge on this assault case threw out most of the charges

hakim yang menangani kasus itu menarik semua tuntutan

and Chuck came home

dan Chuck pulang ke rumah

with only a few hundred dollars' worth of court fees hanging over his head.

dengan hutang beberapa ratus dolar untuk membayar biaya pengadilan.

Tim was pretty happy that day.

Tim cukup senang hari itu.

The next fall, Chuck tried to re-enroll as a senior,

Musim gugur berikutnya, Chuck mencoba mendaftar sekolah lagi,

but the school secretary told him that

tapi sekretaris sekolah berkata,

he was then 19 and too old to be readmitted.

dia sudah berumur 19 dan terlalu tua untuk bersekolah di sana,

Then the judge on his assault case issued him a warrant for his arrest

Kemudian hakim kasus sebelumnya mengeluarkan surat penangkapan

because he couldn't pay the 225 dollars in court fees

karena dia tidak dapat membayar biaya pengadilan sebanyak $225

that came due a few weeks after the case ended.

yang tenggat waktunya jatuh beberapa minggu setelah kasusnya berakhir.

Then he was a high school dropout living on the run.

Semenjak itu, dia menjadi siswa putus sekolah yang hidup dalam pelarian.

Tim's first arrest came later that year

Tim ditangkap pertama kali akhir tahun itu

after he turned 11.

saat dia menginjak umur 11 tahun.

Chuck had managed to get his warrant lifted

Chuck berhasil terlepas dari penangkapannya;

and he was on a payment plan for the court fees

ia berencana membayar biaya pengadilan,

and he was driving Tim to school in his girlfriend's car.

dan ia sedang mengantar Tim ke sekolah dengan mobil pacarnya

So a cop pulls them over, runs the car,

ketika seorang polisi mencegat mereka, memeriksa mobilnya,

and the car comes up as stolen in California.

dan ternyata itu mobil curian dari California.

Chuck had no idea where in the history of this car it had been stolen.

Chuck tidak tahu kapan dan bagaimana mobil tersebut dicuri.

His girlfriend's uncle bought it from a used car auction

Paman pacarnya membeli mobil itu dari pelelangan mobil bekas

in northeast Philly.

di timur laut Philly.

Chuck and Tim had never been outside of the tri-state,

Chuck & Tim belum pernah keluar dari daerah

let alone to California.

tiga negara bagian itu, apalagi California.

But anyway, the cops down at the precinct

Tapi, para polisi di daerah tersebut

charged Chuck with receiving stolen property.

menuduh Chuck menerima barang curian.

And then a juvenile judge, a few days later,

Beberapa hari setelahnya, hakim kriminalisasi remaja

charged Tim, age 11,

menuduh Tim yang berumur 11 tahun

with accessory to receiving a stolen property

membantu menerima barang curian

and then he was placed on three years of probation.

dan dia dihukum dengan tiga tahun masa percobaan.

With this probation sentence hanging over his head,

Chuck memikirkan hukuman masa percobaan ini,

Chuck sat his little brother down

dan berbincang dengan adiknya.

and began teaching him how to run from the police.

Ia mulai mengajarinya cara melarikan diri dari polisi.

They would sit side by side on their back porch

Mereka duduk bersebelahan di teras belakang

looking out into the shared alleyway

yang menghadap gang rumah mereka,

and Chuck would coach Tim how to spot undercover cars,

dan Chuck melatih Tim cara mengenali mobil penyamaran polisi,

how to negotiate a late-night police raid, how and where to hide.

cara bernegosiasi sewaktu razia, cara dan lokasi untuk bersembunyi.

Saya ingin Anda membayangkan sebentar

I want you to imagine for a second

what Chuck and Tim's lives would be like

seperti apa hidup Chuck dan Tim

if they were living in a neighborhood where kids were going to college,

jika mereka tinggal di lingkungan yang semua anak-anaknya berkuliah,

not prison.

bukannya dipenjarakan.

A neighborhood like the one I got to grow up in.

Lingkungan semacam lingkungan masa kecil saya.

Okay, you might say.

Mungkin Anda berkata, baiklah.

But Chuck and Tim, kids like them, they're committing crimes!

Tapi anak-anak seperti Chuck dan Tim melakukan kejahatan!

Don't they deserve to be in prison?

Bukankah mereka pantas dipenjara,

Don't they deserve to be living in fear of arrest?

dan hidup penuh ketakutan akan penangkapan?

Well, my answer would be no.

Jawaban saya adalah: Tidak.

They don't.

Itu tidak pantas,

And certainly not for the same things that other young people

terutama karena anak-anak lain dari keluarga yang lebih mampu

with more privilege are doing with impunity.

mendapatkan kekebalan hukum saat melakukan hal serupa.

If Chuck had gone to my high school,

Jika Chuck belajar di SMA saya,

that schoolyard fight would have ended there,

perkelahiannya ketika itu akan dianggap sekadar

as a schoolyard fight.

sebagai perkelahian antarsiswa,

It never would have become an aggravated assault case.

dan tidak akan pernah dipermasalahkan lebih lanjut.

Not a single kid that I went to college with

Tak satupun teman-teman kuliah saya

has a criminal record right now.

memiliki catatan kriminal.

Not a single one.

Tak seorang pun.

But can you imagine how many might have if the police had stopped those kids

Bisakah Anda bayangkan berapa banyak yang akan memiliki

and searched their pockets for drugs as they walked to class?

catatan kriminal apabila mereka semua diperlakukan seperti Chuck dan Tim?

Or had raided their frat parties in the middle of the night?

Dicegat & digeledah; pestanya dirazia di tengah malam?

Okay, you might say.

Anda berkata, Baiklah.

But doesn't this high incarceration rate

Tapi bukankah tingginya rasio penahanan

partly account for our really low crime rate?

disebabkan oleh setidaknya rendahnya tingkat kriminalitas?

Crime is down. That's a good thing.

Jumlah kriminalitas menurun. Bagus, bukan?

Totally, that is a good thing. Crime is down.

Tentu ini bagus. Tingkat kriminalitas menurun,

It dropped precipitously in the '90s and through the 2000s.

tepatnya menurun drastis di tahun 90an sampai 2000an.

But according to a committee of academics

Tapi menurut sekumpulan akademisi

convened by the National Academy of Sciences last year,

yang berkumpul pada Akademi Ilmiah Nasional tahun lalu,

the relationship between our historically high incarceration rates

hubungan antara sejarah tingkat penangkapan kita

and our low crime rate is pretty shaky.

dan rendahnya rasio kriminalitas tidaklah konsisten.

It turns out that the crime rate goes up and down

Faktanya, rasio kriminalitas tidaklah stabil,

irrespective of how many young people we send to prison.

terlepas dari jumlah pemuda/i yang kita jebloskan ke penjara.

We tend to think about justice in a pretty narrow way:

Kita cenderung memandang konsep keadilan secara sempit:

good and bad, innocent and guilty.

baik dan buruk, bersalah dan tak bersalah.

Injustice is about being wrongfully convicted.

Ketidakadilan adalah ketika seseorang dituduh secara tidak benar.

So if you're convicted of something you did do,

Jadi jika Anda didakwa atas sesuatu yang Anda lakukan,

you should be punished for it.

Anda harus dihukum karenanya.

There are innocent and guilty people,

Ada orang yang bersalah dan tidak,

there are victims and there are perpetrators.

ada korban dan pelaku kejahatan.

Maybe we could think a little bit more broadly than that.

Mungkin kita dapat berpikir sedikit lebih luas lagi.

Right now, we're asking kids who live in the most disadvantaged neighborhoods,

Saat ini, kita mengharapkan anak-anak di lingkungan miskin,

who have the least amount of family resources,

yang penghasilan keluarganya sedikit sekali,

who are attending the country's worst schools,

yang belajar di sekolah terburuk di negara ini,

who are facing the toughest time in the labor market,

yang memiliki kesulitan terbesar di dalam lapangan kerja,

who are living in neighborhoods where violence is an everyday problem,

yang tinggal di lingkungan penuh kekerasan sebagai makanan sehari-hari,

we're asking these kids to walk the thinnest possible line --

untuk menelusuri jalan yang amat sempit:

to basically never do anything wrong.

untuk tidak pernah melakukan kesalahan.

Why are we not providing support to young kids facing these challenges?

Mengapa kita bukannya membantu mereka menghadapi tantangan ini?

Why are we offering only handcuffs, jail time and this fugitive existence?

Mengapa kita hanya memborgol, memenjarakan dan mengejar mereka?

Can we imagine something better?

Dapatkah kita melakukan sesuatu yang lebih baik?

Can we imagine a criminal justice system that prioritizes recovery,

Bayangkan sistem peradilan pidana yang memprioritaskan perbaikan,

prevention, civic inclusion,

pencegahan, keterlibatan sipil,

rather than punishment?

alih-alih penghukuman.

(Applause)

(Tepuk tangan)

A criminal justice system that acknowledges

Suatu sistem peradilan pidana yang mengakui adanya

the legacy of exclusion that poor people of color in the U.S. have faced

diskriminasi dan pengucilan komunitas miskin kulit berwarna di Amerika

and that does not promote and perpetuate those exclusions.

dan tidak menyokong, malahan melanggengkan pengucilan tersebut.

(Applause)

(Tepuk tangan)

And finally, a criminal justice system that believes in black young people,

Dan suatu sistem peradilan yang akhirnya mempercayai,

rather than treating black young people as the enemy to be rounded up.

dan bukannya memperlakukan pemuda/i kulit hitam sebagai musuh.

(Applause)

(Tepuk tangan)

The good news is that we already are.

Kabar baiknya adalah: kita sedang mengusahakan ini.

A few years ago, Michelle Alexander wrote "The New Jim Crow,"

Beberapa tahun lalu, Michelle Alexander menulis "The New Jim Crow,"

which got Americans to see incarceration as a civil rights issue

yang membuat warga Amerika melihat penahanan sebagai isu hak-hak sipil

of historic proportions in a way they had not seen it before.

melalui perspektif yang sangat baru, sehingga ini sangatlah historis.

President Obama and Attorney General Eric Holder have come out very strongly

Presiden Obama dan Jaksa Agung Eric Holder menyokong penuh

on sentencing reform,

reformasi penghukuman,

on the need to address racial disparity in incarceration.

perlunya mengatasi diskriminasi rasial dalam penahanan.

We're seeing states throw out Stop and Frisk

Banyak negara bagian menghapuskan penggeledahan di tempat

as the civil rights violation that it is.

karena itu melanggar hak-hak sipil.

We're seeing cities and states decriminalize possession of marijuana.

Banyak kota dan negara bagian mendekriminalisasi mariyuana.

New York, New Jersey and California

New York, New Jersey, dan California

have been dropping their prison populations, closing prisons,

telah menurunkan jumlah populasi penjara, menutup penjara, dan

while also seeing a big drop in crime.

mengalami penurunan drastis tingkat kriminalitas.

Texas has gotten into the game now,

Texas juga turut serta sekarang:

also closing prisons, investing in education.

menutup penjara, berinvestasi dalam bidang pendidikan.

This curious coalition is building from the right and the left,

Koalisi yang menarik ini dibentuk oleh berbagai pihak:

made up of former prisoners and fiscal conservatives,

oleh mantan napi dan para konservatif dalam hal fiskal,

of civil rights activists and libertarians,

oleh aktivis hak-hak sipil dan kebebasan,

of young people taking to the streets to protest police violence

oleh pemuda/i yang turun ke jalanan untuk memprotes kekerasan polisi

against unarmed black teenagers,

terhadap remaja kulit hitam yang tak bersenjata,

and older, wealthier people --

dan orang-orang yang lebih tua dan kaya --

some of you are here in the audience --

beberapa dari Anda diantaranya --

pumping big money into decarceration initiatives

menyalurkan dana yang besar untuk memprakarsai pembebasan

In a deeply divided Congress,

di tengah Kongres yang terbagi,

menyusun ulang sistem peradilan pidana kita

the work of reforming our criminal justice system

is just about the only thing that the right and the left

adalah isu yang menyatukan

are coming together on.

semua lapisan masyarakat kita.

I did not think I would see this political moment in my lifetime.

Saya tidak menyangka saya akan menyaksikan momentum politik ini.

I think many of the people who have been working tirelessly

Saya rasa banyak orang yang telah menulis tanpa lelah

to write about the causes and consequences

akan penyebab dan konsekuensi dari

of our historically high incarceration rates

tingginya jumlah penahanan dalam sejarah

did not think we would see this moment in our lifetime.

tidak menyangka kita akan melihat momentum ini di dalam hidup kita.

The question for us now is, how much can we make of it?

Pertanyaannya sekarang: seberapa jauh kita akan memanfaatkan ini?

How much can we change?

Seberapa jauh kita dapat berubah?

I want to end with a call to young people,

Saya ingin menutup dengan panggilan bagi para pemuda/i,

the young people attending college

mereka yang masih berkuliah

and the young people struggling to stay out of prison

dan mereka yang berusaha untuk tidak masuk penjara

or to make it through prison and return home.

atau yang berhasil keluar dan pulang ke rumah.

It may seem like these paths to adulthood are worlds apart,

Kedua proses kedewasaan ini memang tampak sangatlah berbeda,

but the young people participating in these two institutions

tapi mereka yang terlibat dalam kedua institusi

conveying us to adulthood,

yang mengantarkan kita menuju kedewasaan ini

they have one thing in common:

memiliki satu persamaan:

Both can be leaders in the work of reforming our criminal justice system.

Keduanya dapat memimpin reformasi sistem peradilan pidana kita.

Young people have always been leaders in the fight for equal rights,

Anak muda selalu memimpin perjuangan penyamarataan hak,

the fight for more people to be granted dignity

agar lebih banyak orang memperoleh martabatnya

and a fighting chance at freedom.

dan berkesempatan memperjuangkan kebebasannya.

The mission for the generation of young people

Misi generasi muda yang beranjak dewasa

coming of age in this, a sea-change moment, potentially,

pada masa titik balik ini, secara potensial,

is to end mass incarceration and build a new criminal justice system,

adalah untuk mengakhiri tahanan masal dan membangun sistem yang baru,

emphasis on the word justice.

yang menitikberatkan keadilan.

Thanks.

Terima kasih.

(Applause)

(Tepuk tangan)