A smart new business loan for people with no credit | Shivani Siroya

Prevoditelj: Sanda L Recezent: Dunja Knežević

How much do you need to know about a person

Koliko trebate znati o nekoj osobi

before you'd feel comfortable making a loan?

prije nego odlučite odobriti joj kredit?

Suppose you wanted to lend 1,000 dollars

Recimo da želite posuditi 1000 dolara

to the person sitting two rows behind you.

osobi koja sjedi dva reda iza vas.

What would you need to know about that person

Što biste trebali znati o toj osobi

before you'd feel comfortable?

prije nego što postanete sigurni u to?

My mom came to the US from India in her late thirties.

Moja mama je došla u Ameriku iz Indije u kasnim tridesetima.

She's a doctor in Brooklyn,

Ona je liječnica u Brooklynu,

and she often lets friends and neighbors come to see her for health services,

često dozvoljava prijateljima i susjedima da je posjete zbog zdravstvenih usluga,

whether they can pay right away or not.

bez obzira mogu li to oni odmah platiti.

I remember running into her patients with her at the grocery store

Sjećam se da smo zajedno sretale njezine pacijente u trgovini

or on the sidewalk,

ili na cesti

and sometimes they would come and pay her right on the spot

i nekada bi došli i platili joj na licu mjesta

za prethodne posjete.

for previous appointments.

She would thank them,

Zahvalila bi im

and ask them about their families and their health.

i pitala ih kako su im obitelji i zdravlje.

She gave them credit because she trusted them.

Dozvoljavala im je dug zato što im je vjerovala.

Most of us are like my mom.

Većina nas je poput moje majke.

We would give credit to someone we know

Dopustili bismo da nam duguje netko koga znamo,

or that we live next to.

ili pored koga živimo.

But most of us are probably not going to lend to a stranger

No, većina nas vjerojatno neće dati pozajmicu strancu,

unless we know a little something about them.

ukoliko ne zna barem nešto o njemu.

Banks, credit card companies and other financial institutions

Banke, kartičarske kuće i druge financijske institucije

don't know us on a personal level,

ne poznaju nas osobno,

but they do have a way of trusting us,

ali imaju način da nam poklone povjerenje,

and that's through our credit scores.

a to je putem naše kreditne sposobnosti.

Our credit scores have been created

Naša kreditna sposobnost se stvara

through an aggregation and analysis of our public consumer credit data.

kroz prikupljanje i analizu naših podataka o potrošnji.

And because of them, we have pretty much easy access

Zbog njih su nam prilično lako dostupna

to all of the goods and services that we need,

sva dobra i usluge koji su nam potrebni,

from getting electricity to buying a home,

od dobivanja struje do kupnje kuće,

or taking a risk and starting a business.

ili preuzimanje rizika i pokretanje posla.

But ...

No...

there are 2.5 billion people around the world

postoji 2,5 milijarde ljudi diljem svijeta

that don't have a credit score.

koji nemaju kreditne bodove.

That's a third of the world's population.

To je trećina svjetske populacije.

They don't have a score

Nemaju bodove

because there are no formal public records on them --

jer o njima ne postoje službeni javni podaci;

no bank accounts,

nemaju bankovni račun,

no credit histories

kreditnu povijest

and no social security numbers.

ni svoj OIB.

And because they don't have a score,

I zato što nemaju bodove,

they don't have access to the credit or financial products

nemaju pristup kreditu ili financijskim proizvodima

that can improve their lives.

koji im mogu poboljšati život.

They are not trusted.

Njima se ne vjeruje.

So we wanted to find a way to build trust

Tako smo poželjeli pronaći način izgraditi povjerenje

and to open up financial access for these 2.5 billion.

i dati financijski pristup za ovih 2,5 milijarde ljudi.

So we created a mobile application

Stoga smo napravili mobilnu aplikaciju,

that builds credit scores for them using mobile data.

koja za njih stvara kreditne bodove koristeći mobilne podatke.

There are currently over one billion smartphones in emerging markets.

Trenutno postoji preko milijarde pametnih telefona u takvim zemljama.

And people are using them the same way that we do.

I ljudi ih koriste na isti način kao i mi.

They're texting their friends, they're looking up directions,

Šalju poruke prijateljima, traže upute za kretanje,

they're browsing the Internet

pretražuju internet

and they're even making financial transactions.

čak i vrše financijske transakcije.

Over time, this data is getting captured on our phones,

S vremenom se ovi podaci pohranjuju na našim telefonima,

and it provides a really rich picture of a person's life.

što daje zaista bogatu sliku o životu neke osobe.

Our customers give us access to this data

Naši klijenti nam daju pristup ovim podacima,

and we capture it through our mobile application.

a mi ih prepoznajemo pomoću naše mobilne aplikacije.

It helps us understand the creditworthiness

To nam pomaže razumjeti kreditnu sposobnost

of people like Jenipher, a small-business owner in Nairobi, Kenya.

ljudi kao što je Jenipher, vlasnice male tvrtke u Nairobiju u Keniji.

Jenipher is 65 years old, and for decades has been running a food stall

Jenipher ima 65 godina i desetljećima drži pult s hranom

in the central business district.

u središnjem poslovnom dijelu grada.

She has three sons who she put through vocational school,

Ima trojicu sinova koje je upisala u strukovne škole,

and she's also the leader of her local chama,

a također vodi i lokalnu "chamu",

or savings group.

vrstu štedne zadruge.

Jenipher's food stall does well.

Jenipherin posao prodaje hrane ide dobro.

She makes just enough every day to cover her expenses.

Zarađuje dovoljno da svakodnevno pokrije svoje troškove.

But she's not financially secure.

Ona, međutim, nije financijski osigurana.

Any emergency could force her into debt.

Bilo koji hitni slučaj mogao bi je primorati da se zaduži,

And she has no discretionary income

a nema raspoloživi dio prihoda

to improve her family's way of living,

kojim bi poboljšala način života svoje obitelji,

for emergencies,

za hitne slučajeve

or for investing into growing her business.

ili za ulaganje u razvoj svog posla.

If Jenipher wants credit, her options are limited.

Ako Jenipher želi kredit, njene opcije su ograničene.

She could get a microloan,

Mogla bi podići minikredit,

but she'd have to form a group that could help vouch for her credibility.

ali bi morala formirati grupu za pomoć pri dokazivanju kreditne sposobnosti.

And even then, the loan sizes would be way too small

Čak i tada, visina kredita bila bi premala

to really have an impact on her business,

da bi zaista utjecala na njezin posao,

averaging around 150 dollars.

u prosjeku oko 150 dolara.

Loan sharks are always an option,

Kamatari su uvijek opcija,

but with interest rates that are well above 300 percent,

ali uz kamate koje idu znatno iznad 300 posto,

they're financially risky.

financijski su rizični.

And because Jenipher doesn't have collateral or a credit history,

Budući Jenipher nema kolateral ili kreditnu povijest,

she can't walk into a bank and ask for a business loan.

ne može doći u banku i zatražiti poslovni kredit.

But one day,

No, jednoga dana

Jenipher's son convinced her to download our application

Jenipherin sin uvjerio ju je da preuzme našu aplikaciju

and apply for a loan.

i prijavi se za kredit.

Jenipher answered a few questions on her phone

Jenipher je odgovorila na par pitanja na svom telefonu

and she gave us access to a few key data points on her device.

i omogućila nam pristup nekim ključnim podacima na njenom uređaju.

And here's what we saw.

Evo što smo vidjeli.

So, bad news first.

Prvo loše vijesti.

Jenipher had a low savings balance and no previous loan history.

Jenipher je imala nisku razinu štednje i nije imala prethodnu kreditnu povijest.

These are factors

Ovo su čimbenici

that would have thrown up a red flag to a traditional bank.

koji bi bili znak za uzbunu u tradicionalnoj banci.

But there were other points in her history that showed us

Međutim, bilo je drugih mjesta u njenoj povijesti koja su pokazala

a much richer picture of her potential.

mnogo bogatiju sliku njenog potencijala.

So for one,

Kao prvo,

we saw that she made regular phone calls to her family in Uganda.

vidjeli smo da je redovno zvala svoju obitelj u Ugandi.

Well, it turns out that the data shows

Ispostavilo se da podaci pokazuju

a four percent increase in repayment

povećanje od 4 posto u vraćanju duga

among people who consistently communicate with a few close contacts.

među ljudima koji redovito komuniciraju s par bliskih kontakata.

We could also see

Vidjeli smo i da,

that though she traveled around a lot throughout the day,

iako je puno putovala tijekom dana,

she actually had pretty regular travel patterns,

zapravo je imala prilično uobičajene obrasce putovanja

and she was either at home or at her food stall.

i bila je ili kod kuće, ili za svojim pultom s hranom.

And the data shows a six percent increase in repayment

Podaci pokazuju porast od šest posto u otplati duga

among customers who are consistent

među klijentima koji su dosljedni

with where they spend most of their time.

u tome gdje provode većinu svog vremena.

We could also see that she communicated a lot

Mogli smo vidjeti i da je puno komunicirala

with many different people throughout the day

s mnogo različitih ljudi tijekom dana

and that she had a strong support network.

i da je imala snažnu mrežu potpore.

Our data shows

Naši podaci pokazuju

that people who communicate with more than 58 different contacts

kako je kod ljudi koji komuniciraju s više od 58 različitih kontakata,

tend to be more likely to be good borrowers.

obično veća vjerojatnost da će biti bolji u vraćanju duga.

In Jenipher's case,

U Jenipherinom slučaju,

she communicated with 89 different individuals,

ona je komunicirala s 89 različitih pojedinaca,

which showed a nine percent increase in her repayment.

što je ukazivalo na devetopostotni porast u vraćanju njenog duga.

These are just some of the thousands of different data points

Ovo su samo neki od tisuća različitih podataka

that we look at to understand a person's creditworthiness.

koje proučavamo kako bismo shvatili kreditnu sposobnost neke osobe.

And after analyzing all of these different data points,

I nakon analize svih ovih različitih podataka,

we took the first risk

preuzeli smo prvi rizik

and gave Jenipher a loan.

i dali Jenipher kredit.

This is data that would not be found on a paper trail

Ovo su podaci koji se ne mogu pronaći u papirnatom obliku,

or in any formal financial record.

niti u bilo kojem službenom financijskom zapisu,

But it proves trust.

ali dokazuju povjerenje.

By looking beyond income,

Gledajući ne samo prihode,

we can see that people in emerging markets

vidimo da su ljudi na tržištima u razvoju,

that may seem risky and unpredictable on the surface

koji mogu djelovati riskantno i naizgled nepredvidivo,

are actually willing and have the capacity to repay.

zapravo voljni vratiti dug i imaju kapacitet za to.

Our credit scores have helped us deliver over 200,000 loans in Kenya

Naši kreditni bodovi su nam pomogli da odobrimo preko 200 000 kredita u Keniji

in just the past year.

samo u prošloj godini.

And our repayment rates are above 90 percent --

A stope vraćanja duga su nam preko 90 posto,

which, by the way, is in line with traditional bank repayment rates.

što je, usput, sukladno stopama otplate duga u tradicionalnim bankama.

With something as simple as a credit score,

Pomoću nečeg toliko jednostavnog kao što su kreditni bodovi,

we're giving people the power to build their own futures.

ljudima pružamo moć da izgrade vlastitu budućnost.

Our customers have used their loans for family expenses,

Naši klijenti su koristili kredite za obiteljske troškove,

emergencies, travel

hitne slučajeve, putovanja

and for investing back into growing their businesses.

i za ulaganje u razvoj svog poslovanja.

They're now building better economies and communities

Oni sada izgrađuju bolju ekonomiju i zajednice

where more people can succeed.

u kojima više ljudi može uspjeti.

Over the past two years of using our product,

Tijekom protekle dvije godine korištenja našeg proizvoda,

Jenipher has increased her savings by 60 percent.

Jenipher je uvećala svoju štednju za 60 posto.

She's also started two additional food stalls

Postavila je i još dva dodatna mjesta za prodaju hrane,

and is now making plans for her own restaurant.

a sada ima u planu pokrenuti i vlastiti restoran.

She's applying for a small-business loan from a commercial bank,

Prijavljuje se za mali poduzetnički kredit u komercijalnoj banci,

because she now has the credit history to prove she deserves it.

jer sada ima kreditnu povijest kojom dokazuje da to zaslužuje.

I saw Jenipher in Nairobi just last week,

Srela sam Jenipher u Nairobiju prošli tjedan

and she told me how excited she was to get started.

i ispričala mi je koliko je uzbuđena zbog tog početka.

She said,

Rekla je,

"Only my son believed I could do this. I didn't think this was for me."

"Samo je moj sin vjerovao da ja to mogu. Nisam mislila da je ovo za mene."

She's lived her whole life

Živjela je cijeli svoj život

believing that there was a part of the world that was closed off to her.

u uvjerenju da postoji dio svijeta koji za nju nije dostupan.

Our job now is to open the world to Jenipher

Na nama je da otvorimo svijet za Jenipher

and the billions like her that deserve to be trusted.

i milijarde ljudi poput nje koji zaslužuju povjerenje.

Thank you.

Hvala.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)