A smart new business loan for people with no credit | Shivani Siroya

175,822 views ・ 2016-05-18

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Candy Kim κ²€ν† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:12
How much do you need to know about a person
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λˆμ„ λΉŒλ €μ£ΌκΈ°μ— μ•ˆμ „ν•˜λ €λ©΄
00:14
before you'd feel comfortable making a loan?
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ μƒλŒ€μ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ μ•Œ ν•„μš”κ°€ μžˆλ‚˜μš”?
00:18
Suppose you wanted to lend 1,000 dollars
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λ§Œμ•½ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ 1000λ‹¬λŸ¬μ˜ λˆμ„ λΉŒλ €μ€€λ‹€κ³  ν•˜λ©΄
00:20
to the person sitting two rows behind you.
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2쀄 뒀에 앉은 μ‚¬λžŒμ—κ²Œ 빌렀 μ€€λ‹€κ³  κ°€μ •ν•΄λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
00:23
What would you need to know about that person
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ κ·Έ μ‚¬λžŒμ— λŒ€ν•΄ 무엇을 μ•Œμ•„μ•Όλ§Œ
00:25
before you'd feel comfortable?
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마음이 νŽΈν•  수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
00:27
My mom came to the US from India in her late thirties.
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저희 μ–΄λ¨Έλ‹ˆλŠ” 30λŒ€ ν›„λ°˜μ— μΈλ„μ—μ„œ 미ꡭ으둜 μ˜€μ…¨μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:31
She's a doctor in Brooklyn,
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μ–΄λ¨Έλ‹ˆλŠ” λΈŒλ£¨ν΄λ¦°μ—μ„œ μ˜μ‚¬μ΄μ‹œλ©°
00:33
and she often lets friends and neighbors come to see her for health services,
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μΉœκ΅¬λΆ„λ“€κ³Ό μ§€μ—­μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μ˜λ£Œμ„œλΉ„μŠ€λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ μ°Ύμ•„μ˜€λ©΄
λ°”λ‘œ μ§„λ£ŒλΉ„λ₯Ό μ§€λΆˆ ν•  수 μžˆλ“  μ—†λ“  μ§„λ£Œλ₯Ό ν•΄μ£Όμ…¨μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:37
whether they can pay right away or not.
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00:39
I remember running into her patients with her at the grocery store
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가끔 μ–΄λ¨Έλ‹ˆμ™€ ν•¨κ»˜ μžˆμ„ λ•Œ
ν™˜μžλ“€μ„ λ§ˆνŠΈλ‚˜ κΈΈκ°€μ—μ„œ λ§Œλ‚  λ•Œκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:43
or on the sidewalk,
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00:44
and sometimes they would come and pay her right on the spot
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가끔 그듀은 κ·Έ μžλ¦¬μ—μ„œ
μ΄μ „μ˜ μ§„λ£ŒλΉ„λ₯Ό μ§€λΆˆν•˜κΈ°λ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:47
for previous appointments.
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00:48
She would thank them,
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μ–΄λ¨Έλ‹ˆλŠ” κ·Έλ“€μ—κ²Œ κ°μ‚¬ν•΄ν•˜μ‹œλ©°
00:49
and ask them about their families and their health.
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κ·Έλ“€μ˜ κ±΄κ°•μ΄λ‚˜ κ°€μ‘±λ“€μ˜ 건강을 λ¬ΌμœΌμ‹­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:53
She gave them credit because she trusted them.
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μ–΄λ¨Έλ‹ˆλŠ” 그듀을 λ―ΏμœΌμ…¨κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— μ‹ μš©μ„ μ£Όμ‹  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:57
Most of us are like my mom.
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거의 λͺ¨λ“  μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 제 μ–΄λ¨Έλ‹ˆμ™€ 같을 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:59
We would give credit to someone we know
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ•„λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ΄λ‚˜
01:02
or that we live next to.
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μ˜†μ§‘μ— μ‚¬λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ„ μ‹ μš©ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:04
But most of us are probably not going to lend to a stranger
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ μƒλŒ€μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 아무 것도 λͺ¨λ₯΄λŠ” μƒν™©μ—μ„œ
01:07
unless we know a little something about them.
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λ‚―μ„ μ‚¬λžŒμ—κ²Œ λˆμ„ 빌렀주렀고 ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:11
Banks, credit card companies and other financial institutions
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은행, μ‹ μš©μΉ΄λ“œ νšŒμ‚¬ λ˜λŠ” λ‹€λ₯Έ κΈˆμœ΅κΈ°κ΄€λ“€μ„
01:15
don't know us on a personal level,
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우리의 사적인 μˆ˜μ€€μ—μ„œλŠ” μ•Œμ§€ λͺ»ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:17
but they do have a way of trusting us,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 그듀은, κ·Έλ“€λ§Œμ˜ μ‹ λ’°μ˜ 기쀀이 있고
01:20
and that's through our credit scores.
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그것은 λ°”λ‘œ μ‹ μš©λ“±κΈ‰μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:23
Our credit scores have been created
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우리의 μ‹ μš©λ“±κΈ‰μ€
01:25
through an aggregation and analysis of our public consumer credit data.
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우리의 λͺ¨λ“  μ†ŒλΉ„κ°€ λͺ¨μ΄κ³ , λΆ„μ„λ˜μ–΄μ„œ νŒλ‹¨λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:29
And because of them, we have pretty much easy access
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그것 덕뢄에, μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ‰½κ²Œ
01:32
to all of the goods and services that we need,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν•„μš”ν•œ μ„œλΉ„μŠ€μ™€ λ¬Όν’ˆμ„ 얻을 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:35
from getting electricity to buying a home,
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, μ „κΈ°μ—μ„œλΆ€ν„° 집을 κ΅¬λ§€ν•˜λŠ” 것
01:38
or taking a risk and starting a business.
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λ˜λŠ” 투자λ₯Ό ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 사업을 μ‹œμž‘ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒκΉŒμ§€ λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:41
But ...
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ
01:42
there are 2.5 billion people around the world
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μ„Έμƒμ—λŠ” 25μ–΅λͺ… μ •λ„μ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄
01:47
that don't have a credit score.
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μ‹ μš©λ“±κΈ‰μ΄ μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:49
That's a third of the world's population.
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그것은 μ„Έκ³„μΈκ΅¬μ˜ 3λΆ„μ˜ 1에 λ‹¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:52
They don't have a score
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그듀이 μ‹ μš©λ“±κΈ‰μ΄ μ—†λŠ” μ΄μœ λŠ”
01:54
because there are no formal public records on them --
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그듀에 λŒ€ν•œ 곡식적인 기둝이 μ—†κ³ 
01:57
no bank accounts,
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μ€ν–‰κ³„μ’Œ
01:58
no credit histories
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μ‹ μš©κ±°λž˜
02:00
and no social security numbers.
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μ‚¬νšŒλ³΄μž₯ λ²ˆν˜Έκ°€ μ—†κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:02
And because they don't have a score,
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μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ 그듀은 등급이 μ—†κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
02:04
they don't have access to the credit or financial products
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κ·Έλ“€μ˜ 삢을 λ°œμ „μ‹œν‚€κΈ°μ— ν•„μš”ν•œ μ‹ μš©κ±°λž˜λ₯Ό ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ κΈˆμœ΅μƒν’ˆμ„
02:08
that can improve their lives.
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μ‚¬μš©ν•  κΆŒλ¦¬κ°€ 주어지지 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:11
They are not trusted.
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그듀은 μ‹ λ’°λ₯Ό 얻지 λͺ»ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:14
So we wanted to find a way to build trust
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ‹ λ’°λ₯Ό μŒ“κΈ° μœ„ν•œ 방법을 μ°Ύκ³  μ‹Άμ—ˆκ³ 
02:18
and to open up financial access for these 2.5 billion.
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κ·Έ 25μ–΅λͺ…μ—κ²Œ 금육적 μ ‘κ·Όμ˜ κΆŒν•œμ„ μ£Όκ³  μ‹Άμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:22
So we created a mobile application
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λͺ¨λ°”일 μ–΄ν”Œλ¦¬μΌ€μ΄μ…˜μ„ κ°œλ°œν•˜μ—¬
02:25
that builds credit scores for them using mobile data.
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그듀이 λͺ¨λ°”일 데이터 μ‚¬μš©μ„ 톡해 μ‹ μš©λ“±κΈ‰μ„ μŒ“μ„ 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ ν•˜μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:30
There are currently over one billion smartphones in emerging markets.
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이 μ‹ ν₯μ‹œμž₯μ—λŠ” ν˜„μž¬κΉŒμ§€ 10μ–΅κ°œ μ΄μƒμ˜ 슀마트폰이 ν¬ν•¨λ˜μ–΄μžˆκ³ 
02:34
And people are using them the same way that we do.
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ λ˜‘κ°™μ€ λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ μŠ€λ§ˆνŠΈν°μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:38
They're texting their friends, they're looking up directions,
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μΉœκ΅¬λ“€κ³Ό 문자λ₯Ό ν•˜κ³ , 길을 찾기도 ν•˜κ³ 
02:41
they're browsing the Internet
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인터넷 검색을 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:42
and they're even making financial transactions.
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κ²Œλ‹€κ°€ κΈˆμ „μ  κ±°λž˜λ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:45
Over time, this data is getting captured on our phones,
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μ‹œκ°„μ΄ μ§€λ‚˜λ©΄μ„œ, 데이터듀은 νœ΄λŒ€ν° μ•ˆμ—μ„œ λͺ¨μ—¬
02:48
and it provides a really rich picture of a person's life.
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κ·Έ μ‚¬λžŒμ˜ 인생이 풍뢀해 보이게 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:53
Our customers give us access to this data
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μ†ŒλΉ„μžλ“€μ€ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ κ·Έλ“€μ˜ 데이터에 μ ‘κ·Όν•  수 μžˆλ„λ‘ ν—ˆμš©ν•˜κ³ 
02:55
and we capture it through our mobile application.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 그것을 λͺ¨λ°”일 앱을 톡해 μž‘μ•„λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:58
It helps us understand the creditworthiness
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이것은 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ œλ‹ˆνΌκ°™μ€ 케냐 λ‚˜μ΄λ‘œλΉ„μ˜ μ†Œκ·œλͺ¨ μ‚¬μ—…μžλ“€μ˜
03:01
of people like Jenipher, a small-business owner in Nairobi, Kenya.
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μ‹ μš©μ„ 확인할 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ λ„μ™€μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:06
Jenipher is 65 years old, and for decades has been running a food stall
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μ œλ‹ˆνΌλŠ” 65세이며, μˆ˜μ‹­ λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ μƒμ μ˜ μ€‘μ‹¬κ°€μ—μ„œ
03:11
in the central business district.
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μŒμ‹ 노점을 μš΄μ˜ν•΄ μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:13
She has three sons who she put through vocational school,
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κ·Έλ…€μ—κ²ŒλŠ” κΈ°μˆ μ „λ¬Έ 학ꡐλ₯Ό λ‹€λ‹ˆλŠ” 3λͺ…μ˜ 아듀이 있고
03:17
and she's also the leader of her local chama,
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지역 μ£Όνƒλ“€μ΄λ‚˜
03:19
or savings group.
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μ €μΆ• λͺ¨μž„μ˜ λŒ€ν‘œμ΄κΈ°λ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:21
Jenipher's food stall does well.
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μ œλ‹ˆνΌμ˜ μŒμ‹ 노점은 잘 운영되고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:23
She makes just enough every day to cover her expenses.
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 맀일의 μ†ŒλΉ„λ₯Ό μΆ©λ‹Ήμ‹œν‚€κΈ°μ— μΆ©λΆ„ν•œ 만큼의 μˆ˜μž…μ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:27
But she's not financially secure.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ·Έλ…€λŠ” μž¬μ •μ μœΌλ‘œ μ•ˆμ „ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:29
Any emergency could force her into debt.
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μ–΄λ–€ μœ„κΈ°μƒν™©μ΄ κ·Έλ…€μ—κ²Œ λΉšμ„ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ 쀄지 λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:32
And she has no discretionary income
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λ˜ν•œ κ·Έλ…€λŠ” μ—¬μœ λˆμ„ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ 쀄 μˆ˜μž…μ΄ μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:34
to improve her family's way of living,
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κ°€μ‘±λ“€μ˜ μƒν™œλ°©μ‹μ„ ν’μ‘±ν•˜κ²Œ ν•œλ‹€λ“ μ§€
03:37
for emergencies,
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긴급상황에 λŒ€λΉ„ν•œλ‹€λ“ μ§€
03:38
or for investing into growing her business.
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μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄, 사업을 μ„±μž₯μ‹œν‚€κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 투자λ₯Ό ν•  μžκΈˆμ€ μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:42
If Jenipher wants credit, her options are limited.
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κ·Έλ…€μ˜ μ‹ μš©κ±°λž˜μ—λŠ” ν•œκ³„κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:45
She could get a microloan,
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” μ†Œμ•‘μ˜ μœ΅μžκΈˆμ„ 받을 수 μžˆμ§€λ§Œ
03:47
but she'd have to form a group that could help vouch for her credibility.
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그러기 μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ” μ‹ μš©μ„±μ„ 보증해 쀄 λͺ‡λͺ…μ˜ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:51
And even then, the loan sizes would be way too small
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κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ ν•œλ‹€κ³  ν•˜λ”λΌλ„, 빌릴 수 μžˆλŠ” 돈의 μ•‘μˆ˜λŠ” 맀우 μž‘μ•„
03:53
to really have an impact on her business,
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사업에 μ‹€μ§ˆμ μœΌλ‘œ 도움을 주진 λͺ»ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:56
averaging around 150 dollars.
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μ•‘μˆ˜λŠ” ν‰κ· μ μœΌλ‘œ μ•½ 150λ‹¬λŸ¬ 정도 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:59
Loan sharks are always an option,
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κ³ λ¦¬λŒ€κΈˆ μ—…μžλ“€ λ˜ν•œ 또 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ˜΅μ…˜μ΄μ§€λ§Œ
04:02
but with interest rates that are well above 300 percent,
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300%κ°€ 훨씬 λ„˜λŠ” 이자율 λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
04:06
they're financially risky.
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κΈˆμ „μ μœΌλ‘œ μœ„ν—˜ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:08
And because Jenipher doesn't have collateral or a credit history,
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그리고, μ œλ‹ˆνΌλŠ” λ‹΄λ³΄λ‚˜ μ‹ μš©κ±°λž˜ λ‚΄μš©μ΄ μ—†κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
04:12
she can't walk into a bank and ask for a business loan.
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은행에 μ‚¬μ—…μžκΈˆ λŒ€μΆœμ„ μš”κ΅¬ν•˜λŠ” 것은 λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:16
But one day,
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μ–΄λŠ λ‚ 
04:17
Jenipher's son convinced her to download our application
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μ œλ‹ˆνΌμ˜ 아듀은 κ·Έλ…€κ°€ 우리의 μ–΄ν”Œλ¦¬μΌ€μ΄μ…˜μ„ λ‹€μš΄λ°›κ³ 
04:21
and apply for a loan.
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λŒ€μΆœμ„ 받을 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ μ„€λ“ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:23
Jenipher answered a few questions on her phone
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μ œλ‹ˆνΌλŠ” ν•Έλ“œν°μ„ 톡해 λͺ‡ 개의 문항에 λ‹΅ν•˜μ˜€κ³ 
04:25
and she gave us access to a few key data points on her device.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λͺ‡ λͺ‡μ˜ 메인 데이터에 μ ‘κ·Όν•˜λŠ” 것을 μˆ˜λ½ν•˜μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:30
And here's what we saw.
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그리고 이것이 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ°œκ²¬ν•œ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:32
So, bad news first.
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λ‚˜μœμ†Œμ‹μ„ λ¨Όμ € μ•Œλ €λ“œλ¦¬μžλ©΄
04:34
Jenipher had a low savings balance and no previous loan history.
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μ œλ‹ˆνΌλŠ” μ €μΆ•λœ 돈이 μ•„μ£Ό μ μ—ˆκ³ , 이전에 λˆμ„ 빌린 기둝이 μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:40
These are factors
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이런 μ΄μœ λ“€λ‘œ
04:41
that would have thrown up a red flag to a traditional bank.
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기쑴의 은행듀은, μ œλ‹ˆνΌλ₯Ό μ‹ λ’°ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•œ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:44
But there were other points in her history that showed us
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ, μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ·Έλ…€μ˜ 과거기둝듀 쀑 λͺ‡ λͺ‡μ—μ„œ
04:47
a much richer picture of her potential.
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μΆ©λΆ„ν•œ 잠재된 κ°€λŠ₯성을 λ³΄μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:51
So for one,
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ν•˜λ‚˜ 예λ₯Ό λ“€μžλ©΄
04:52
we saw that she made regular phone calls to her family in Uganda.
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 주기적으둜 μš°κ°„λ‹€μ— μžˆλŠ” κ·Έλ…€μ˜ κ°€μ‘±λ“€μ—κ²Œ μ „ν™”λ₯Ό ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:57
Well, it turns out that the data shows
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λ°μ΄ν„°μ˜ 톡계λ₯Ό 톡해 λ³΄μ—¬μ§€λŠ” 것은
05:00
a four percent increase in repayment
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평균보닀 4% λ§Žμ€ μƒν™˜κΈˆμ΄
05:02
among people who consistently communicate with a few close contacts.
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λͺ‡ 개의 번호둜 계속적인 μ „ν™”λ₯Ό ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€λ‘œλΆ€ν„° λ‚©λΆ€λœλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:08
We could also see
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또, μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ³Ό 수 μžˆμ—ˆλ˜ 것은
05:09
that though she traveled around a lot throughout the day,
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” ν•˜λ£¨ λ™μ•ˆμ˜ μ΄λ™λŸ‰μ΄ λ§Žμ§€λ§Œ
05:12
she actually had pretty regular travel patterns,
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κ½€ κ·œμΉ™μ μΈ 이동 νŒ¨ν„΄μ΄ 있고
05:15
and she was either at home or at her food stall.
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주둜 집과 μŒμ‹λ…Έμ μ„ μ˜€κ°€λŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:19
And the data shows a six percent increase in repayment
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그리고, 톡계상 μƒν™˜λ˜λŠ” κΈˆμ•‘μ΄ 6%κ°€ μ¦κ°€ν•˜μ˜€μ„ λ•Œ
05:23
among customers who are consistent
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μ†ŒλΉ„μžλ“€μ΄ κ·œμΉ™μ μΈ
05:25
with where they spend most of their time.
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μ΄λ™νŒ¨ν„΄μ„ 가지고 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:29
We could also see that she communicated a lot
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λ˜ν•œ, μ œλ‹ˆνΌλŠ” λ§Žμ€ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€κ³Όμ˜
05:31
with many different people throughout the day
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ν•˜λ£¨ λ™μ•ˆμ˜ μ†Œν†΅μ΄ λ§Žλ‹€λŠ” 것을 톡해
05:34
and that she had a strong support network.
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κ·Έλ…€λ₯Ό 뒷바침해쀄 관계가 νƒ„νƒ„ν•˜λ‹€λŠ” 것을 λ³Ό 수 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:37
Our data shows
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우리의 기쀀은
05:38
that people who communicate with more than 58 different contacts
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58개 μ΄μƒμ˜ μ‚¬λžŒκ³Ό 연락을 μ£Όκ³ λ°›λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ„
05:43
tend to be more likely to be good borrowers.
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λ”μš± λ‚˜μ€ 차용자라고 νŒλ‹¨ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:46
In Jenipher's case,
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μ œλ‹ˆνΌμ˜ κ²½μš°μ—λŠ”
05:47
she communicated with 89 different individuals,
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89λͺ…μ˜ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€κ³Ό μ†Œν†΅μ„ ν–ˆκ³ 
05:51
which showed a nine percent increase in her repayment.
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κ·Έλ…€μ˜ μƒν™©κΈˆμ•‘μ€ 9%κ°€ μ¦κ°€ν•œ 것을 λ³Ό 수 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:55
These are just some of the thousands of different data points
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이것듀은 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ–΄λ–€ μ‚¬λžŒμ„ μ‹ μš©ν•  수 μžˆλŠ”κ°€λ₯Ό νŒλ‹¨ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ
05:59
that we look at to understand a person's creditworthiness.
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수 천 개의 데이터 μΈ‘μ • κΈ°μ€€ 쀑 λͺ‡ 개일 λΏμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:03
And after analyzing all of these different data points,
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그리고 이 μ—¬λŸ¬ 개의 기쀀듀을 ν™•μΈν•˜κ³  λ‚˜μ„œ
06:06
we took the first risk
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 일차적인 μœ„ν—˜μ„ μ•ˆκ³ 
06:08
and gave Jenipher a loan.
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μ œλ‹ˆνΌμ—κ²Œ λŒ€μΆœκΈˆμ„ μ£Όμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:11
This is data that would not be found on a paper trail
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이런 μžλ£Œλ“€μ€ μ„œλ₯˜μƒμœΌλ‘œλ‚˜
06:14
or in any formal financial record.
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μž¬λ¬΄κΈ°λ‘μœΌλ‘œλŠ” μ°Ύμ•„ λ‚Ό 수 μ—†λŠ” κ²ƒλ“€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:17
But it proves trust.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ‹ λ’°λ₯Ό 증λͺ…ν•˜κΈ°μ— μΆ©λΆ„ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:20
By looking beyond income,
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ μ†Œλ“μ„ λ– λ‚˜
06:22
we can see that people in emerging markets
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이 μ‹ ν₯μ‹œμž₯에 μ°Έμ—¬ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄
06:24
that may seem risky and unpredictable on the surface
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μ‘°κΈˆμ€ λΆˆμ•ˆμ •ν•΄ 보이고, ν‘œλ©΄μ μœΌλ‘œ μ˜ˆμΈ‘ν•  수 μ—†μ§€λ§Œ
06:28
are actually willing and have the capacity to repay.
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λˆμ„ 갚기 μœ„ν•΄ λ…Έλ ₯ν•˜κ³ , μ‹€μ œλ‘œ μΆ©λΆ„ν•œ λŠ₯λ ₯이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:33
Our credit scores have helped us deliver over 200,000 loans in Kenya
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이 μ‹ μš©λ“±κΈ‰μ€, μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μΌ€λƒμ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œ μ§€λ‚œ ν•΄μ—λ§Œ 20만건 μ΄μƒμ˜ λŒ€μΆœμ„
06:38
in just the past year.
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해쀄 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ λ„μ™€μ£Όμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:40
And our repayment rates are above 90 percent --
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우리의 λŒ€μ—¬κΈˆ μƒν™˜μœ¨μ€ 90% μ΄μƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:43
which, by the way, is in line with traditional bank repayment rates.
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이 μˆ˜μΉ˜λŠ” κΈ°μ‘΄ μ€ν–‰λ“€μ˜ μƒν™˜μœ¨κ³Ό 크게 λ‹€λ₯΄μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:49
With something as simple as a credit score,
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이 κ°„λ‹¨ν•œ μ‹ μš©λ“±κΈ‰μ„ 톡해
06:52
we're giving people the power to build their own futures.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μžμ‹ λ§Œμ˜ 미래λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ λ‚˜κ°ˆ 수 μžˆλŠ” νž˜μ„ μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:56
Our customers have used their loans for family expenses,
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고객듀은, κ·Έλ“€μ˜ λŒ€μΆœκΈˆμ„ κ°€μ‘±μ—κ²Œ νˆ¬μžν•˜κ±°λ‚˜
06:59
emergencies, travel
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긴급상황, μ—¬ν–‰
07:01
and for investing back into growing their businesses.
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λ˜λŠ” κ·Έλ“€μ˜ 사업을 λ°œμ „μ‹œν‚€κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ νˆ¬μžν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:05
They're now building better economies and communities
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ν˜„μž¬ 그듀은, λ‚˜μ€ μ‚¬νšŒμ™€ 경제λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ–΄κ°€κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:09
where more people can succeed.
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λ”μš± λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 성곡할 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:12
Over the past two years of using our product,
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μ§€λ‚œ 2λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ 우리의 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ
07:15
Jenipher has increased her savings by 60 percent.
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μ œλ‹ˆνΌλŠ” κ·Έλ…€μ˜ μ €μΆ•κΈˆμ„ 60% κ°€λŸ‰ μ¦κ°€μ‹œμΌ°μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:19
She's also started two additional food stalls
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λ˜ν•œ, 2개의 μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μŒμ‹λ…Έμ μ„ μ—΄ μˆ˜μžˆμ—ˆμœΌλ©°
07:22
and is now making plans for her own restaurant.
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κ·Έλ…€λ§Œμ˜ λ ˆμŠ€ν† λž‘μ„ κ³„νšν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:25
She's applying for a small-business loan from a commercial bank,
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 상업은행에 μž‘μ€ μ‚¬μ—…λŒ€κΈˆμ„ μ‹ μ²­ν•΄ λ†“μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:28
because she now has the credit history to prove she deserves it.
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄, μ΄μ œλŠ” κ·Έλ…€μ˜ λ…Έλ ₯이 μ‹ μš©κΈ°λ‘μ„ 톡해 보여지기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:34
I saw Jenipher in Nairobi just last week,
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μ €λŠ” μ§€λ‚œ 주에 λ‚˜μ΄λ‘œλΉ„μ—μ„œ μ œλ‹ˆνΌλ₯Ό λ§Œλ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:36
and she told me how excited she was to get started.
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 일을 μ‹œμž‘ν•  수있게 λ˜μ—ˆμ„ λ•Œ μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ κΈ°λ»€μ—ˆλŠ”μ§€ λ§ν•΄μ£Όμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:40
She said,
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ”, "우리 μ•„λ“€λ§Œ 이것이 κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜λ‹€κ³  ν–ˆκ³ 
07:42
"Only my son believed I could do this. I didn't think this was for me."
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μ €λŠ”, μ €λ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ 것이라고 μƒκ°ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€" 라고 λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:48
She's lived her whole life
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ”, κ·Έλ…€μ˜ 온 인생을
07:50
believing that there was a part of the world that was closed off to her.
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μ„Έμƒμ˜ 일뢀가 그녀에겐 λ§‰ν˜€μžˆλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•˜λ©° μ‚΄μ•„μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:55
Our job now is to open the world to Jenipher
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν•  일은, κ·Έ 세상을 μ œλ‹ˆνΌμ—κ²Œ μ—΄μ–΄μ£Όκ³ 
07:59
and the billions like her that deserve to be trusted.
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μˆ˜μ‹­μ–΅μ˜ 그녀와 κ°™μ€μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 신뒰받을 수 있게 ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:04
Thank you.
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:05
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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