A few ways to fix a government | Charity Wayua

Prevoditelj: Sanda L Recezent: Ivan Stamenković

Growing up in Kenya,

Odrastajući u Keniji,

I knew I always wanted to study biochemistry.

znala sam da oduvijek želim studirati biokemiju.

See, I had seen the impact of the high prevalence of diseases like malaria,

Vidite, vidjevši utjecaj visoke raširenosti bolesti poput malarije,

and I wanted to make medicines that would cure the sick.

željela sam stvoriti lijekove koji bi izliječili bolest.

So I worked really hard,

Stoga sam naporno radila,

got a scholarship to the United States, where I became a cancer researcher,

dobila stipendiju za Ameriku, gdje sam postala istraživač raka,

and I loved it.

i to mi se jako svidjelo.

For someone who wants to cure diseases,

Za nekoga tko želi liječiti bolesti

there is no higher calling.

ne postoji viši poziv od toga.

Ten years later, I returned to Kenya to do just that.

Deset godina kasnije, vratila sam se u Keniju samo zbog toga,

A freshly minted PhD,

s upravo stečenim doktoratom,

ready to take on this horrific illness,

spremna suočiti se s ovom strašnom bolešću,

which in Kenya was almost certainly a death sentence.

koja je u Keniji najčešće završavala smrću.

But instead of landing a job in a pharmaceutical company

No, umjesto zaposlenja u farmaceutskoj kompaniji,

or a hospital,

ili u bolnici,

I found myself drawn to a different kind of lab,

zatekla sam se u drugačijoj vrsti laboratorija,

working with a different kind of patient --

radeći s drugačijom vrstom pacijenta,

a patient whose illness was so serious

pacijenta, čija je bolest bila toliko ozbiljna

it impacted every single person in my country;

da je utjecala na svaku pojedinu osobu u mojoj zemlji,

a patient who needed to get healthy fast.

pacijenta koji je trebao ozdraviti što prije.

That patient was my government.

Taj pacijent bila je vlada moje zemlje.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

See, many of us will agree that lots of governments are unhealthy today.

Vidite, mnogi će se složiti da danas ima mnogo nezdravih vlada.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

And Kenya was no exception.

Ni Kenija tu nije bila izuzetak.

When I returned to Kenya in 2014,

Kada sam se vratila u Keniju 2014. godine,

there was 17 percent youth unemployment.

stopa nezaposlenosti mladih bila je 17%.

And Nairobi, the major business hub,

A Nairobi, glavno poslovno središte,

was rated 177th on the quality of living index.

bio je na 177. mjestu prema indeksu kvalitete života.

It was bad.

To je bilo vrlo loše.

Now, an economy is only as healthy as the entities that make it up.

Ekonomija je samo onoliko jaka, koliko su jake njezine sastavnice.

So when government --

I kad je vlada,

kao jedna od njezinih najjačih sastavnica,

one of its most vital entities --

is weak or unhealthy,

slaba ili nezdrava,

everyone and everything suffers.

pate svi i sve.

Sometimes you might put a Band-Aid in place

Ponekad se može organizirati koncert Band-Aid

to try and temporarily stop the pain.

kako bi se privremeno zaustavila bol.

Maybe some of you here have participated

Možda su neki od vas i sudjelovali

in a Band-Aid operation to an African country --

u projektu Band Aid, za pomoć jednoj afričkoj zemlji,

setting up alternative schools, building hospitals, digging wells --

u izgradnji škola, bolnica, postavljanju bunara pitke vode,

because governments there either weren't or couldn't provide

jer tamošnja vlada nije mogla osigurati

the services to their citizens.

te usluge svojim stanovnicima.

We all know this is a temporary solution.

Svi znamo da je to samo privremeno rješenje.

There are just some things Band-Aids can't fix,

Jednostavno postoje stvari koje jedan Band Aid ne može riješiti,

like providing an environment where businesses feel secure

kao što je osigurati okruženje za sigurno poslovanje,

that they'll have an equal opportunity

gdje će svi imati jednaku mogućnost

to be able to run and start their businesses successfully.

vođenja i pokretanja uspješnog poslovanja.

Or there are systems in place

Ili postoje i sustavi

that would protect the private property that they create.

koji bi zaštitili privatno vlasništvo koje te tvrtke stvaraju.

I would argue,

Rekla bih

only government is capable of creating these necessary conditions

da je jedino vlada u mogućnosti stvoriti te potrebne uvjete

for economies to thrive.

kako bi ekonomije rasle.

Economies thrive when business are able to quickly and easily set up shop.

Ekonomije napreduju kada je moguće brzo i jednostavno pokrenuti posao.

Business owners create new sources of income for themselves,

Vlasnici tvrtki stvaraju za sebe nove izvore prihoda,

new jobs get added into the economy

stvaraju se nova radna mjesta

and then more taxes are paid to fund public projects.

čime se plaća i više poreza te je više novca za javne projekte.

New business is good for everyone.

Nove tvrtke dobre su za sve.

And it's such an important measure of economic growth,

I to je tako važan pokazatelj ekonomskog rasta,

the World Bank has a ranking called the "Ease of Doing Business Ranking,"

Svjetska banka ima jednu ljestvicu koja promatra lakoću poslovanja,

which measures how easy or difficult it is to start a business

i mjeri koliko je lako ili teško pokrenuti poslovanje

in any given country.

u nekoj zemlji.

And as you can imagine,

I kao što već pretpostavljate,

starting or running a business in a country with an ailing government --

započeti i voditi poslovanje u zemlji koja ima nezdravu vladu

almost impossible.

gotovo je nemoguće.

The President of Kenya knew this, which is why in 2014,

Predsjednik Kenije je to znao, zbog čega je 2014. godine

he came to our lab and asked us to partner with him

došao u naš laboratorij i ponudio nam partnerstvo

to be able to help Kenya to jump-start business growth.

kako bi se Keniji pomoglo ubrzati njezin poslovni rast.

He set an ambitious goal:

Postavio je ambiciozan cilj:

he wanted Kenya to be ranked top 50 in this World Bank ranking.

uvrstiti Keniju među prvih 50 zemalja na dotičnoj ljestvici Svjetske banke.

In 2014 when he came,

Kada je došao 2014. godine,

Kenya was ranked 136 out of 189 countries.

Kenija je bila na 136. mjestu od ukupno 189 zemalja.

We had our work cut out for us.

Bio je to za nas težak posao.

Fortunately, he came to the right place.

Srećom, predsjednik je došao na pravo mjesto.

We're not just a Band-Aid kind of team.

Mi nismo samo netko poput Band-Aid-a.

We're a group of computer scientists, mathematicians, engineers

Mi smo grupa informatičkih znanstvenika, matematičara, inžinjera,

and a cancer researcher,

i istraživača malignih bolesti

who understood that in order to cure the sickness

koji razumiju da, kako bismo izliječili bolest

of a system as big as government,

u jednom velikom sustavu poput vlade,

we needed to examine the whole body,

moramo pregledati cijelo tijelo,

and then we needed to drill down all the way from the organs,

a onda ući u dubinu, od organa

into the tissues,

do tkiva,

all the way to single cells,

sve do pojedinačnih stanica,

so that we could properly make a diagnosis.

kako bismo ispravno dali dijagnozu.

So with our marching orders from the President himself,

I tako, slijedivši naredbe samog Predsjednika,

we embarked on the purest of the scientific method:

krenuli smo koristeći najčišću znanstvenu metodu:

collecting data --

prikupljanje podataka,

all the data we could get our hands on --

svih podataka do kojih smo mogli doći,

making hypotheses,

stvarajući pretpostavke,

creating solutions,

pa rješenja,

one after the other.

jedna za drugim.

So we met with hundreds of individuals who worked at government agencies,

Radili smo sa stotinama pojedinaca koji su radili u vladinim agencijama,

from the tax agency, the lands office, utilities company,

od porezne uprave, ureda zaduženih za zemljišta, tvrtke za komunalne usluge,

the agency that's responsible for registering companies,

agencije odgovorne za registraciju tvrtki,

and with each of them, we observed them as they served customers,

i kod svih smo promatrali kako služe klijentima,

we documented their processes -- most of them were manual.

bilježili smo njihove procese, većina njih je rađena ručno.

We also just went back and looked at a lot of their previous paperwork

Također smo pregledali unatrag mnogo njihove prijašnje papirologije,

to try and really understand;

zaista pokušavši razumjeti,

to try and diagnose what bodily malfunctions had occurred

pokušati dati dijagnozu o kakvom se zastoju u tijelu radi,

that lead to that 136th spot on the World Bank list.

koje je dovelo do onog 136. mjesta na ljestvici Svjetske banke.

What did we find?

I što smo pronašli?

Well, in Kenya it was taking 72 days

U Keniji je trebalo 72 dana

for a business owner to register their property,

kako bi vlasnik tvrtke registrirao svoju imovinu,

compared to just one day in New Zealand,

za što je na Novom Zelandu potreban samo jedan dan,

which was ranked second on the World Bank list.

čime je zauzeo drugo mjesto na ljestici Svjetske banke.

It took 158 days to get a new electric connection.

Trebalo je 158 dana za dovod strujnog priključka.

In Korea it took 18 days.

U Koreji je za to potrebno 18 dana.

If you wanted to get a construction permit

Ako ste trebali građevinsku dozvolu

so you could put up a building,

kako biste nešto sagradili,

in Kenya, it was going to take you 125 days.

u Keniji vam je za to trebalo 125 dana.

In Singapore, which is ranked first, that would only take you 26 days.

U Singapuru, koji je prvi na ljestvici, za to bi vam trebalo samo 26 dana.

God forbid you had to go to court

Bože sačuvaj ako ste trebali ići na sud,

to get help in being able to settle a dispute to enforce a contract,

za pomoć u pokretanja spora oko primjene nekog ugovora,

because that process alone would take you 465 days.

jer samo taj proces oduzeo bi vam 465 dana.

And if that wasn't bad enough,

Ako ni ovo još nije dovoljno loše,

you would lose 40 percent of your claim in just fees --

potrošili biste 40% svojih potraživanja samo na razne naknade,

legal fees, enforcement fees, court fees.

odvjetničke i sudske troškove, naknade za pokretanje postupka...

Now, I know what you're thinking:

Znam što sada mislite:

for there to exist such inefficiencies in an African country,

uz takvu neučinkovitost u jednoj afričkoj zemlji

there must be corruption.

sigurno mora postojati i korupcija.

The very cells that run the show must be corrupt to the bone.

Korupcija mora da je prisutna doslovno svugdje.

I thought so, too, actually.

Zapravo, i ja sam tako mislila.

When we started out,

Kada smo započeli,

I thought I was going to find so much corruption,

mislila sam da ću naići na toliko korupcije,

I was literally going to either die or get killed in the process.

da ću tijekom istraživanja doslovno ili umrijeti ili biti ubijena.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

But when we dug deeper,

No, što smo išli dublje,

we didn't find corruption in the classic sense:

nismo naišli na korupciju u onom klasičnom smislu:

slimy gangsters lurking in the darkness,

gangsteri koji vrebaju u tami,

waiting to grease the palms of their friends.

i čekaju da "podmažu" svoje prijatelje.

What we found was an overwhelming sense of helplessness.

Ono na što smo naišli bio je osjećaj opće bespomoćnosti.

Our government was sick,

Vlada je bila bolesna,

because government employees felt helpless.

jer su se njezini zaposlenici osjećali bespomoćno.

They felt that they were not empowered to drive change.

Osjećali su se nedovoljno snažnima da bi potakli promjene.

And when people feel stuck and helpless,

A kada se ljudi osjećaju slabo i bespomoćno,

they stop seeing their role in a bigger system.

ne vide ni svoju ulogu u većem sustavu.

They start to think the work they do doesn't matter in driving change.

Počinju misliti da njihov rad nije važan u pokretanju promjene.

And when that happens,

I kada se to dogodi,

things slow down,

stvari se usporavaju,

fall through the cracks

počinju pucati

and inefficiencies flourish.

i neučinkovitost procvjeta.

Now imagine with me,

Sada zamislite,

if you had a process you had to go through --

da ste morali proći kroz neki proces,

had no other alternative --

koji nema alternative,

and this process was inefficient, complex

i taj proces je neučinkovit, složen

and very, very slow.

i vrlo, vrlo spor.

What would you do?

Što biste učinili?

I think you might start by trying to find somebody to outsource it to,

Mogli biste pokušati naći nekoga kome biste to prebacili,

so that they can just take care of that for you.

kako bi se oni brinuli za to umjesto vas.

If that doesn't work,

A ako to ne upali,

maybe you'd consider paying somebody

mogli biste razmisliti da platite nekoga

to just "unofficially" take care of it on your behalf --

tko će se "neslužbeno" pobrinuti za to u vaše ime,

especially if you thought nobody was going to catch you.

naročito ako mislite da vas nitko u tome neće uhvatiti.

Not out of malice or greed,

Ne iz zlobe ili pohlepe,

just trying to make sure that you get something to work for you

već se samo pobrinuti da imate nešto što radi za vas

kako biste vi mogli ići dalje.

so you can move on.

Unfortunately, that is the beginning of corruption.

Nažalost, to je početak korupcije.

And if left to thrive and grow,

I ako puštate da se ona razvija i raste,

it seeps into the whole system,

zahvatit će cijeli sustav

and before you know it,

i prije nego shvatite,

the whole body is sick.

cijelo tijelo bit će bolesno.

Knowing this,

Prema tome,

we had to start by making sure

morali smo započeti pobrinuvši se

that every single stakeholder we worked with had a shared vision

da svaki sudionik s kojim smo radili dijeli viziju onoga

for what we wanted to do.

što smo željeli napraviti.

So we met with everyone,

I tako smo se sastali sa svakim,

from the clerk whose sole job is to remove staples

od službenika, čiji je sav posao bio skidanje spajalica

from application packets,

s dokumenata za prijavu,

to the legal drafters at the attorney general's office,

do pravnika u uredu državnog odvjetnika,

to the clerks who are responsible for serving business owners

sve do službenika odgovornih za pomoć vlasnicima tvrtki

when they came to access government services.

koji dolaze obaviti nešto u državnoj upravi.

And with them,

I s njima

we made sure that they understood

pobrinuli smo se da razumiju

kako njihovi svakodnevni postupci utječu na sposobnost same države

how their day-to-day actions were impacting our ability as a country

to create new jobs and to attract investments.

u otvaranju novih radnih mjesta i privlačenju investicija.

No one's role was too small; everyone's role was vital.

Ničija uloga nije premala, svačija uloga je važna.

Now, guess what we started to see?

I pogodite što se počelo događati?

A coalition of government employees

Suradnja državnih zaposlenika

who are excited and ready to drive change,

željnih i spremnih na pokretanje promjena

began to grow and form.

počela je rasti i razvijati se.

And together we started to implement changes

I zajedno smo počeli primjenjivati promjene

that impacted the service delivery of our country.

koje su utjecale na kvalitetu usluge u državi.

The result?

Rezultat?

In just two years,

U samo dvije godine,

Kenya's ranking moved from 136 to 92.

Kenija se sa 136. pomakla na 92. mjesto.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

And in recognition of the significant reforms we've been able to implement

I prepoznajući značajne reforme koje smo primijenili

in such a short time,

u tako kratkom vremenu,

Kenya was recognized

Kenija je prepoznata i uvrštena

to be among the top three global reformers in the world

među prva tri globalna pokretača promjena na svijetu

two years in a row.

dvije godine za redom.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

Are we fully healthy?

Jesmo li posve ozdravili?

No.

Nismo.

We have some serious work still to do.

I dalje imamo još ozbiljnog posla.

I like to think about these two years like a weight-loss program.

Na ove dvije godine gledam kao na program mršavljenja.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

It's that time after months of hard, grueling work at the gym,

Ovo je kao vrijeme nakon mjeseci napornog vježbanja,

and then you get your first time to weigh yourself,

kada idete na prvo mjerenje težine

and you've lost 20 pounds.

i vidite da ste izgubili 10 kg.

You're feeling unstoppable.

Osjećate se nezaustavljivo.

Now, some of you may think this doesn't apply to you.

Neki od vas možda misle da se to ne odnosi na njih.

You're not from Kenya.

Jer niste iz Kenije.

You don't intend to be an entrepreneur.

I ne namjeravate postati poduzetnik.

But think with me for just a moment.

No, promislite sa mnom samo na trenutak.

When is the last time you accessed a government service?

Kada ste zadnji puta obavljali nešto u državnoj upravi?

Maybe applied for your driver's license,

Možda ste predali zahtjev za vozačku dozvolu,

tried to do your taxes on your own.

pokušali sami izračunati porez.

It's easy in this political and global economy

Lako je u ovoj političkoj i globalnoj ekonomiji

to want to give up when we think about transforming government.

poželjeti odustati kad razmišljamo o transformiranju državne uprave.

We can easily resign to the fact or to the thinking

Jednostavno se možemo pomiriti s činjenicom ili mišlju,

that government is too inefficient,

da je državna uprava previše neučinkovita,

too corrupt,

previše korumpirana,

unfixable.

i nepopravljiva.

We might even rarely get some key government responsibilities

Možda i ponekad dobijemo tamo neku od ključnih odgovornosti

to other sectors,

prema drugim sektorima,

to Band-Aid solutions,

za nešto poput Band-Aid-a,

or to just give up and feel helpless.

ili se samo predamo i osjećamo bespomoćno.

But just because a system is sick doesn't mean it's dying.

No, to što sustav nije zdrav, ne znači i da umire.

We cannot afford to give up

Ne možemo si dozvoliti odustajanje

when it comes to the challenges of fixing our governments.

kada se radi o izazovima poboljšanja naših državnih uprava.

In the end,

I na kraju,

what really makes a government healthy is when healthy cells --

vladu čini zdravom ono kada zdrave stanice,

that's you and I --

a to smo vi i ja,

get to the ground,

dođu na teren,

roll up our sleeves,

odvrnu rukave,

refuse to be helpless

odbijaju biti bespomoćni

and believe that sometimes,

i vjeruju da ponekad,

all it takes is for us to create some space

sve što nam treba je stvoriti prostor

for healthy cells to grow and thrive.

kako bi one zdrave stanice mogle rasti i napredovati.

Thank you.

Hvala.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)