A few ways to fix a government | Charity Wayua

80,878 views ・ 2017-03-20

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μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Mijin Kim κ²€ν† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:12
Growing up in Kenya,
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μΌ€λƒμ—μ„œ 자라며
00:14
I knew I always wanted to study biochemistry.
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μ €λŠ” 늘 생화학λ₯Ό κ³΅λΆ€ν•˜κ³  μ‹Άμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:18
See, I had seen the impact of the high prevalence of diseases like malaria,
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말라리아 같은 μ „μ—Όλ³‘μ˜ μœ„ν—˜μ„±μ„ λͺ©κ²©ν–ˆκΈ°μ—
00:24
and I wanted to make medicines that would cure the sick.
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약을 κ°œλ°œν•΄μ„œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ μΉ˜λ£Œν•΄μ£Όκ³  μ‹Άμ—ˆμ£ .
00:27
So I worked really hard,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ—΄μ‹¬νžˆ κ³΅λΆ€ν•˜μ—¬
00:28
got a scholarship to the United States, where I became a cancer researcher,
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λ―Έκ΅­μ—μ„œ μž₯ν•™κΈˆμ„ λ°›κ³  μ•” 연ꡬ원이 λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:32
and I loved it.
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λ„ˆλ¬΄ ν–‰λ³΅ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:34
For someone who wants to cure diseases,
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병을 μΉ˜λ£Œν•˜κ³ μž ν•˜λŠ” λˆ„κ΅°κ°€μ—κ²Œ
00:36
there is no higher calling.
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이것은 더할 λ‚˜μœ„ μ—†λŠ” μ§μ—…μ΄μ—ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
00:39
Ten years later, I returned to Kenya to do just that.
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10λ…„ ν›„ κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μΌ€λƒλ‘œ λŒμ•„κ°”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:43
A freshly minted PhD,
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박사 ν•™μœ„λ₯Ό κ°“ 끝내고
00:45
ready to take on this horrific illness,
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λ”μ°ν•œ 병을 μΉ˜λ£Œν•  μ€€λΉ„κ°€ λ˜μ–΄μžˆμ—ˆμ£ .
00:47
which in Kenya was almost certainly a death sentence.
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μΌ€λƒμ—μ„œλŠ” μ§ˆλ³‘μ΄ μ‚¬ν˜•μ„ κ³ λ‚˜ 닀름 μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:51
But instead of landing a job in a pharmaceutical company
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ œμ•½νšŒμ‚¬λ‚˜
00:54
or a hospital,
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λ³‘μ›μ—μ„œ 일자리λ₯Ό μ°ΎλŠ” λŒ€μ‹ 
00:56
I found myself drawn to a different kind of lab,
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μ’€ νŠΉλ³„ν•œ μ—°κ΅¬μ†Œμ—μ„œ 직μž₯을 κ΅¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:59
working with a different kind of patient --
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ ν™˜μžκ°€ μžˆλŠ” κ³³μ΄μ—ˆμ£ .
01:01
a patient whose illness was so serious
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이 ν™˜μžμ˜ 병은 맀우 μ‹¬κ°ν–ˆκ³ 
01:03
it impacted every single person in my country;
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λ‚˜λΌμ— μžˆλŠ” λͺ¨λ“  μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œ 영ν–₯을 λΌμ³€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:07
a patient who needed to get healthy fast.
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λΉ λ₯΄κ²Œ κ±΄κ°•ν•΄μ§ˆ ν•„μš”κ°€ μžˆλŠ” ν™˜μžμ˜€μ£ .
01:10
That patient was my government.
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κ·Έ ν™˜μžλŠ” λ°”λ‘œ μ •λΆ€μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:13
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
01:15
See, many of us will agree that lots of governments are unhealthy today.
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μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  λ§Žμ€ 정뢀듀이 κ±΄κ°•ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•˜λ‹€λŠ” 것에 λ™μ˜ν•˜μ‹€ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€
01:20
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
01:22
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
01:28
And Kenya was no exception.
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케냐도 λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:30
When I returned to Kenya in 2014,
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2014λ…„ μ œκ°€ μΌ€λƒλ‘œ λŒμ•„μ™”μ„ λ•Œ
01:33
there was 17 percent youth unemployment.
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μ²­λ…„ μ‹€μ—…λ₯ μ΄ 17%μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:36
And Nairobi, the major business hub,
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λΉ„μ¦ˆλ‹ˆμŠ€ μ€‘μ‹¬μ§€μ˜€λ˜ λ‚˜μ΄λ‘œλΉ„λŠ”
01:38
was rated 177th on the quality of living index.
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μ‚Άμ˜ 질 μ§€μˆ˜κ°€ 177μœ„μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:43
It was bad.
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상황이 λ‚˜λΉ΄μ£ .
01:46
Now, an economy is only as healthy as the entities that make it up.
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κ²½μ œλŠ” 이λ₯Ό κ΅¬μ„±ν•˜λŠ” 주체가 건강할 λ•Œ 건강할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:51
So when government --
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λ”°λΌμ„œ κ°€μž₯ ν•„μˆ˜μ μΈ 주체인 μ •λΆ€κ°€
01:52
one of its most vital entities --
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01:53
is weak or unhealthy,
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μ•½ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ κ±΄κ°•ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•  λ•Œ
01:55
everyone and everything suffers.
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λͺ¨λ“  이듀과 λͺ¨λ“  상황이 κ³ ν†΅λ°›μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:58
Sometimes you might put a Band-Aid in place
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λ•Œλ‘œλŠ” 고톡을 μΌμ‹œμ μœΌλ‘œ 쀄이기 μœ„ν•΄
02:01
to try and temporarily stop the pain.
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κ·Έ μžλ¦¬μ— 반창고λ₯Ό 뢙일 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:04
Maybe some of you here have participated
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μ•„λ§ˆ μ—¬κΈ° 계신 μ–΄λ–€ 뢄듀은 아프리카 ꡭ가에
02:06
in a Band-Aid operation to an African country --
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반창고λ₯Ό λΆ™μ΄λŠ” ν™œλ™μ— μ°Έμ—¬ν•˜μ…¨μ„ μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:09
setting up alternative schools, building hospitals, digging wells --
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λŒ€μ•ˆ 학ꡐλ₯Ό μ§“κ±°λ‚˜ 병원을 μ„€λ¦½ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ μš°λ¬Όμ„ νŒŒλŠ” κ±°μ£ .
02:14
because governments there either weren't or couldn't provide
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그곳의 μ •λΆ€λŠ” μ‹œλ―Όλ“€μ—κ²Œ
02:17
the services to their citizens.
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이런 μ„œλΉ„μŠ€λ“€μ„ μ œκ³΅ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜κ³  그럴 μˆ˜λ„ μ—†κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
02:19
We all know this is a temporary solution.
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우리 λͺ¨λ‘λŠ” 이것이 μΌμ‹œμ μΈ ν•΄κ²°μ±…μž„μ„ μ•Œκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:23
There are just some things Band-Aids can't fix,
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λ°˜μ°½κ³ κ°€ ν•΄κ²°ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•˜λŠ” 일듀이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:26
like providing an environment where businesses feel secure
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예λ₯Ό λ“€λ©΄ 사업체듀이 μ•ˆμ •ν™”λ˜μ–΄
02:31
that they'll have an equal opportunity
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ꡭ민듀이 사업을 μ„±κ³΅μ μœΌλ‘œ κ²½μ˜ν•˜κ³  μ‹œμž‘ ν•  수 있게
02:33
to be able to run and start their businesses successfully.
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ν‰λ“±ν•œ 기회λ₯Ό μ£ΌλŠ” ν™˜κ²½μ„ μ œκ³΅ν•˜λŠ” κ±°μ£ .
02:36
Or there are systems in place
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μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ 체계가 μ •μƒν™”λ˜μ–΄
02:38
that would protect the private property that they create.
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ꡭ민듀이 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄λ‚΄λŠ” μ‚¬μœ μž¬μ‚°μ„ λ³΄ν˜Έν•  수 있게 ν•˜λŠ”κ±°μ£ .
02:41
I would argue,
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μ €λŠ” 였직 μ •λΆ€λ§Œμ΄ κ²½μ œκ°€ λ²ˆμ„±ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ
02:42
only government is capable of creating these necessary conditions
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ ν•„μš” 쑰건듀을 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄λ‚΄λŠ” λŠ₯λ ₯이 μžˆλ‹€κ³  μ£Όμž₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:45
for economies to thrive.
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02:48
Economies thrive when business are able to quickly and easily set up shop.
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κ²½μ œλŠ” 쉽고 λΉ λ₯΄κ²Œ 사업을 μ‹œμž‘ ν•  수 μžˆμ„ λ•Œ λ²ˆμ„±ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:53
Business owners create new sources of income for themselves,
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κ²½μ˜μ£Όλ“€μ€ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μˆ˜μž…μ›μ„ 슀슀둜 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄λ‚΄κ³ 
02:56
new jobs get added into the economy
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μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 직업듀이 경제둜 μœ μž…λ˜λ©°
02:59
and then more taxes are paid to fund public projects.
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μ΄λ ‡κ²Œλ˜λ©΄ 더 λ§Žμ€ μ„ΈκΈˆμ΄ κ±·μ–΄μ Έ 곡곡 ν”„λ‘œμ νŠΈμ˜ 자금이 μ‘°μ„±λ˜μ£ .
03:03
New business is good for everyone.
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μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 사업은 λͺ¨λ‘μ—κ²Œ μ΄λ‘­μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:06
And it's such an important measure of economic growth,
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λ˜ν•œ 경제 μ„±μž₯의 μ€‘μš”ν•œ 척도가 되죠.
03:09
the World Bank has a ranking called the "Ease of Doing Business Ranking,"
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μ„Έκ³„μ€ν–‰μ—λŠ” "κΈ°μ—…ν•˜κΈ° 쒋은 ν™˜κ²½ μˆœμœ„"라 λΆˆλ¦¬λŠ” 척도가 μžˆλŠ”λ°
03:13
which measures how easy or difficult it is to start a business
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이것은 각 λ‚˜λΌμ—μ„œ
03:16
in any given country.
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사업을 μ‹œμž‘ν•˜κΈ°κ°€ μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ 쉽고 μ–΄λ €μš΄μ§€λ₯Ό μΈ‘μ •ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:17
And as you can imagine,
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μƒμƒν•˜μ‹œλŠ” κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ
03:20
starting or running a business in a country with an ailing government --
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병든 μ •λΆ€κ°€ μžˆλŠ” λ‚˜λΌμ—μ„œ 사업을 μ‹œμž‘ν•˜κ³  μš΄μ˜ν•˜λŠ” 것은
03:23
almost impossible.
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거의 λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯ν•˜μ£ .
03:26
The President of Kenya knew this, which is why in 2014,
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케냐 λŒ€ν†΅λ Ήλ„ 이λ₯Ό μ•Œκ³  μžˆμ—ˆκΈ°μ— 2014λ…„
03:30
he came to our lab and asked us to partner with him
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저희 연ꡬ싀에 μ™€μ„œ 그와 νŒŒνŠΈλ„ˆκ°€ λ˜μ–΄
03:33
to be able to help Kenya to jump-start business growth.
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케냐 경제의 ν™œμ„±ν™”λ₯Ό ν•¨κ»˜ 이끌자고 λΆ€νƒν•œ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:37
He set an ambitious goal:
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κ·ΈλŠ” 야심 μ°¬ λͺ©ν‘œλ₯Ό 가지고 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:39
he wanted Kenya to be ranked top 50 in this World Bank ranking.
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세계은행 μˆœμœ„μ—μ„œ 케냐가 50μœ„ μ•ˆμ— λ“€κΈ°λ₯Ό μ›ν–ˆμ£ .
03:44
In 2014 when he came,
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κ·Έκ°€ λ°©λ¬Έν–ˆλ˜ 2014년에
03:47
Kenya was ranked 136 out of 189 countries.
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μΌ€λƒλŠ” 189개 λ‚˜λΌ 쀑 136μœ„μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:51
We had our work cut out for us.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” ν•  일이 λ„ˆλ¬΄ λ§Žμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:55
Fortunately, he came to the right place.
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λ‹€ν–‰νžˆ κ·ΈλŠ” μ œλŒ€λ‘œ μ°Ύμ•„μ˜¨κ±°μ£ .
03:58
We're not just a Band-Aid kind of team.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ·Έμ € 반창고λ₯Ό λΆ™μ΄λŠ” νŒ€μ΄ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:00
We're a group of computer scientists, mathematicians, engineers
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 컴퓨터 κ³΅ν•™μž, μˆ˜ν•™μž, μ—”μ§€λ‹ˆμ–΄
04:04
and a cancer researcher,
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μ•” 연ꡬ원이 λͺ¨μ—¬ μžˆλŠ” νŒ€μ΄λ©°
04:06
who understood that in order to cure the sickness
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정뢀와 같은 κ±°λŒ€ν•œ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ˜
04:08
of a system as big as government,
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μ•„ν”ˆ 곳을 μΉ˜λ£Œν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ”
04:10
we needed to examine the whole body,
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λͺΈ 전체λ₯Ό κ΄€μ°°ν•΄μ•Όν–ˆκ³ 
04:13
and then we needed to drill down all the way from the organs,
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λͺΈμ˜ μž₯κΈ°λΆ€ν„°
04:16
into the tissues,
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세포에 이λ₯΄κΈ°κΉŒμ§€ λͺ¨λ“  곳을 λš«μ–΄λ‚˜κ°€μ•Όν–ˆμ£ .
04:17
all the way to single cells,
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세포 ν•˜λ‚˜ν•˜λ‚˜κΉŒμ§€ 말이죠.
04:19
so that we could properly make a diagnosis.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ •ν™•ν•œ 진단을 내리기 μœ„ν•΄
04:22
So with our marching orders from the President himself,
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λŒ€ν†΅λ Ήμ˜ 좜격 λͺ…령을 λ°›λ“€μ–΄
04:25
we embarked on the purest of the scientific method:
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κ°€μž₯ μˆœμˆ˜ν•œ 과학적 λ°©λ²•μœΌλ‘œ μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:28
collecting data --
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자료λ₯Ό μˆ˜μ§‘ν•˜λŠ” κ±°μ£ .
04:29
all the data we could get our hands on --
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얻을 수 μžˆλŠ” λͺ¨λ“  μžλ£Œλ“€μ„μš”.
04:31
making hypotheses,
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가섀을 μ„Έμš°κ³ 
04:33
creating solutions,
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해결책을 λ‚΄λ†“λŠ” κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
04:34
one after the other.
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λŠμž„μ—†μ΄ 말이죠.
04:36
So we met with hundreds of individuals who worked at government agencies,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 세무 κΈ°κ΄€, 토지 λ“±κΈ°μ†Œ, 곡곡기업체 λ“±
04:40
from the tax agency, the lands office, utilities company,
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μ •λΆ€ κΈ°κ΄€μ—μ„œ μΌν•˜λŠ” 수백 λͺ…μ˜ 직원듀을 λ§Œλ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:44
the agency that's responsible for registering companies,
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이 기관듀은 νšŒμ‚¬λ₯Ό μ„Έμš°λŠ”λ° μ±…μž„μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 기관듀이죠.
04:48
and with each of them, we observed them as they served customers,
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그듀을 λ§Œλ‚  λ•Œ μ €ν¬λŠ” 고객의 μž…μž₯μ—μ„œ κ΄€μ°°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:51
we documented their processes -- most of them were manual.
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λͺ¨λ“  과정듀을 κΈ°λ‘ν–ˆκ³  λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ€ 손이 많이 κ°€λŠ” μ ˆμ°¨μ˜€μ£ .
04:57
We also just went back and looked at a lot of their previous paperwork
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λ‹€μ‹œ λŒμ•„μ™€μ„œλŠ” 그듀이 이전에 ν–ˆλ˜ μˆ˜λ§Žμ€ λ¬Έμ„œ 업무듀을 μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄μ•˜μ–΄μš”.
05:00
to try and really understand;
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μ œλŒ€λ‘œ μ΄ν•΄ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œμš”.
05:02
to try and diagnose what bodily malfunctions had occurred
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μ‹ μ²΄μ˜ μ–΄λ–€ 이상 κΈ°λŠ₯이
05:06
that lead to that 136th spot on the World Bank list.
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세계은행 μˆœμœ„μ—μ„œ 136μœ„μ— 그치게 ν–ˆλŠ”μ§€λ₯Ό μ§„λ‹¨ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œμ£ .
05:10
What did we find?
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 뭘 λ°œκ²¬ν–ˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
05:11
Well, in Kenya it was taking 72 days
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μΌ€λƒμ—μ„œλŠ” 사업주가 건물을 λ“±λ‘ν•˜λŠ”λ°
05:15
for a business owner to register their property,
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72일이 κ±Έλ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:18
compared to just one day in New Zealand,
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λ‰΄μ§ˆλžœλ“œμ—μ„œλŠ” ν•˜λ£¨κ°€ μ†Œμš”λ˜λŠ” 것과 λΉ„κ΅λ˜μ£ .
05:21
which was ranked second on the World Bank list.
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λ‰΄μ§ˆλžœλ“œλŠ” 세계은행 μˆœμœ„μ—μ„œ 2μœ„μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:24
It took 158 days to get a new electric connection.
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μ „κΈ°λ₯Ό μ—°κ²°ν•˜λŠ”λ°λŠ” 158일이 κ±Έλ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:29
In Korea it took 18 days.
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λŒ€ν•œλ―Όκ΅­μ—μ„œλŠ” 18일이 κ±Έλ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:32
If you wanted to get a construction permit
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ 건섀 ν—ˆκ°€λ₯Ό λ°›μ•„
05:34
so you could put up a building,
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건물을 μ„Έμš°κ³ μ‹Άλ‹€λ©΄
05:36
in Kenya, it was going to take you 125 days.
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μΌ€λƒμ—μ„œλŠ” 125일이 κ±Έλ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:40
In Singapore, which is ranked first, that would only take you 26 days.
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1μœ„λ₯Ό ν•œ 싱가포λ₯΄μ—μ„œλŠ” 26일 밖에 걸리지 μ•Šμ•„μš”.
05:45
God forbid you had to go to court
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계약을 κ°•ν–‰ν•˜λ €λŠ” λΆ„μŸμ„ ν•΄κ²°ν•˜λŠ”λ° 도움을 λ°›κ³ μž
05:47
to get help in being able to settle a dispute to enforce a contract,
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법원에 κ°€λŠ” 일은 μ—†μ–΄μ•Όν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:51
because that process alone would take you 465 days.
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이 κ³Όμ • 자체만으둜 465일이 걸리기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
05:56
And if that wasn't bad enough,
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이것도 μ‹¬ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ
06:00
you would lose 40 percent of your claim in just fees --
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μ†Œμ†‘μ— λ“œλŠ” λΉ„μš©λ§ŒμœΌλ‘œ 40%λ₯Ό μžƒκ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:04
legal fees, enforcement fees, court fees.
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μˆ˜μž„λ£Œ, 집행 수수료, 법정 이용 μˆ˜μˆ˜λ£Œκ°€ λ“€μ£ .
06:08
Now, I know what you're thinking:
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ 무슨 생각을 ν•˜μ‹œλŠ”μ§€ μ••λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:12
for there to exist such inefficiencies in an African country,
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μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ˜ λ‚˜λΌμ—λŠ” 그런 λΉ„νš¨μœ¨μ΄ μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜λŠ”κ΅°.
06:16
there must be corruption.
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λΆ„λͺ… λΆ€νŒ¨κ°€ μžˆμ„ κ±°μ•Ό.
06:18
The very cells that run the show must be corrupt to the bone.
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이 λ‚˜λΌλ₯Ό κΎΈλ €κ°€λŠ” λ°”λ‘œ κ·Έ 세포듀은 λΌ›μ†κΉŒμ§€ λΆ€νŒ¨ν•΄μžˆμ„κ±°μ•Ό.
06:22
I thought so, too, actually.
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저도 사싀은 κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ μƒκ°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:24
When we started out,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 쑰사λ₯Ό μ‹œμž‘ν•˜λ©΄
06:25
I thought I was going to find so much corruption,
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μ—„μ²­λ‚œ λΆ€νŒ¨λ₯Ό 찾아낼거라고 μƒκ°ν–ˆμ£ .
06:29
I was literally going to either die or get killed in the process.
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μ €λŠ” 말 κ·ΈλŒ€λ‘œ 이 κ³Όμ • 쀑에 μ£½κ±°λ‚˜ μ£½μž„μ„ λ‹Ήν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ λ‘˜ 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜€μ£ .
06:33
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
06:36
But when we dug deeper,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 깊이 λ“€μ–΄κ°ˆμˆ˜λ‘
06:38
we didn't find corruption in the classic sense:
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일반적인 의미의 λΆ€νŒ¨λŠ” λ°œκ²¬ν•  수 μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:41
slimy gangsters lurking in the darkness,
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λΉ„μ—΄ν•œ 범죄 집단듀이 μ–΄λ‘  속에 μˆ¨μ–΄
06:44
waiting to grease the palms of their friends.
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μΉœκ΅¬λ“€μ—κ²Œ λ‡Œλ¬Όμ„ μ£ΌλŠ” 것 같은 κ±°μ£ .
06:47
What we found was an overwhelming sense of helplessness.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ°œκ²¬ν•œ 것은 κ·Ήλ„μ˜ 무λ ₯κ°μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:53
Our government was sick,
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μ •λΆ€λŠ” μ•„νŒ μ–΄μš”.
06:54
because government employees felt helpless.
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곡무원듀이 무기λ ₯ν–ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
06:58
They felt that they were not empowered to drive change.
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κ·Έλ“€μ—κ²ŒλŠ” λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό 이끌 힘이 μ—†λ‹€κ³  느꼈죠.
07:02
And when people feel stuck and helpless,
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ κ°‡ν˜€μžˆκ³  무기λ ₯ν•˜λ‹€κ³  λŠλ‚„ λ•Œ
07:06
they stop seeing their role in a bigger system.
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그듀은 κ±°λŒ€ν•œ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œ μ•ˆμ—μ„œ μžμ‹ λ“€μ˜ 역할을 μ°ΎκΈ°λ₯Ό κ·Έλ§Œλ‘‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:10
They start to think the work they do doesn't matter in driving change.
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그듀이 ν•˜λŠ” 일은 λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό μ΄λ„λŠ” 것과 μ „ν˜€ 관계가 μ—†λ‹€κ³  느끼기 μ‹œμž‘ν•˜μ£ .
07:14
And when that happens,
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μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ 되면
07:16
things slow down,
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λͺ¨λ“  일의 μ†λ„λŠ” λŠλ €μ§€κ³ 
07:18
fall through the cracks
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방치되며
07:19
and inefficiencies flourish.
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λΉ„νš¨μœ¨μ΄ λ§Œμ—°ν•˜κ²Œλ˜μ£ .
07:22
Now imagine with me,
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이제 저와 ν•¨κ»˜ μƒμƒν•΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
07:24
if you had a process you had to go through --
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λ§Œμ•½ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ ν•΄μ•Ό ν•  과정이 있고
07:28
had no other alternative --
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λ‹€λ₯Έ λŒ€μ•ˆμ€ μ—†λŠ”λ°
07:30
and this process was inefficient, complex
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이 과정이 λΉ„νš¨μœ¨μ μ΄κ³  λ³΅μž‘ν•˜λ©°
07:34
and very, very slow.
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λ„ˆλ¬΄λ‚˜λ„ 느릴 λ•Œ
07:35
What would you do?
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ ν•˜μ‹œκ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
07:38
I think you might start by trying to find somebody to outsource it to,
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μ•„λ§ˆ μœ„νƒν•  λˆ„κ΅°κ°€λ₯Ό μ°Ύμ•„λ‚΄μ–΄ μ‹œμž‘μ„ ν•˜κ² μ£ .
07:41
so that they can just take care of that for you.
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그듀이 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ ν•΄μ•Ό ν•  일을 λŒ€μ‹  μ‹ κ²½ μ¨μ£ΌλŠ”κ±°μ£ .
07:44
If that doesn't work,
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상황이 μ—¬μ˜μΉ˜ μ•Šλ‹€λ©΄
07:47
maybe you'd consider paying somebody
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μ•„λ§ˆ λˆ„κ΅°κ°€μ—κ²Œ
07:49
to just "unofficially" take care of it on your behalf --
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"λΉ„κ³΅μ‹μ μœΌλ‘œ" λˆμ„ μ£Όμ–΄ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„ λŒ€μ‹  일을 μ²˜λ¦¬ν•΄ 달라고 ν•  μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:52
especially if you thought nobody was going to catch you.
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λ§Œμ•½ μ•„λ¬΄ν•œν…Œλ„ 듀킀지 μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€λ©΄μš”.
07:56
Not out of malice or greed,
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μ•…μ˜λ‚˜ μš•μ‹¬λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
07:59
just trying to make sure that you get something to work for you
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단지 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„ 슀슀둜 λ­”κ°€κ°€ μ œλŒ€λ‘œ λ˜λ„λ‘ ν™•μ‹€νžˆ ν•΄λ‘λŠ”κ±°μ£ .
08:02
so you can move on.
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κ·Έλž˜μ•Ό μ•žμœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜μ•„κ°ˆ 수 μžˆμœΌλ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
08:03
Unfortunately, that is the beginning of corruption.
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λΆˆν–‰ν•˜κ²Œλ„ 이것이 λΆ€νŒ¨μ˜ μ‹œμž‘μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:07
And if left to thrive and grow,
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λΆ€νŒ¨κ°€ λ§Œμ—°ν•˜κ³  ν™•λŒ€λ˜λ©΄
08:09
it seeps into the whole system,
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전체 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ— μŠ€λ©°λ“€μ–΄
08:11
and before you know it,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μ•ŒκΈ°λ„ 전에
08:12
the whole body is sick.
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전신이 λ³‘λ“€κ²Œλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:16
Knowing this,
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이것을 μ•Œκ²Œ 된 λ’€
08:17
we had to start by making sure
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” ν•˜κ³ μžν•˜λŠ” 것을 이루기 μœ„ν•΄
08:19
that every single stakeholder we worked with had a shared vision
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ν•¨κ»˜ μΌν•˜λŠ” λͺ¨λ“  μ΄ν•΄λ‹Ήμ‚¬μžλ“€κ³Ό
08:23
for what we wanted to do.
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같은 비전을 ν™•μ‹€νžˆ κ³΅μœ ν•˜λŠ” 것뢀터 μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:26
So we met with everyone,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λͺ¨λ“  μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ λ§Œλ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:28
from the clerk whose sole job is to remove staples
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μ‹ μ²­μ„œ λ¬ΆμŒμ— μžˆλŠ” μŠ€ν…Œμ΄ν”Œμ„ μ œκ±°ν•˜λŠ” 것이
08:31
from application packets,
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μœ μΌν•œ 업무인 직원뢀터
08:33
to the legal drafters at the attorney general's office,
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법무μž₯κ΄€μ‹€μ˜ 법λ₯  μ΄ˆμ•ˆ μž‘μ„±μžλ“€
08:37
to the clerks who are responsible for serving business owners
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사업주듀을 λͺ¨μ‹€ μ±…μž„μ΄ μžˆλŠ” μ§μ›λ“€κΉŒμ§€
08:40
when they came to access government services.
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μ •λΆ€ μ„œλΉ„μŠ€μ™€ 관련이 μžˆλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ΄λΌλ©΄ λˆ„κ΅¬λ“ μ§€μš”.
08:43
And with them,
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κ·Έλ“€κ³Ό ν•¨κ»˜
08:44
we made sure that they understood
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그듀이 맀일 같이 ν•˜λŠ” 행동듀이
08:46
how their day-to-day actions were impacting our ability as a country
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μš°λ¦¬λ‚˜λΌκ°€ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 일자리λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ–΄λ‚΄κ³ 
08:50
to create new jobs and to attract investments.
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투자λ₯Ό μ΄λŒμ–΄λ‚΄λŠ”λ° λ§Žμ€ 영ν–₯을 미치고 μžˆμŒμ„ ν™•μ‹€νžˆ μ•Œκ²Œ ν•˜μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:54
No one's role was too small; everyone's role was vital.
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μ–΄λ–€ 이의 역할도 μž‘μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. λͺ¨λ“  μ‚¬λžŒμ˜ 역할은 μ€‘μš”ν•˜μ£ .
08:59
Now, guess what we started to see?
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ–΄λ–€ 것뢀터 λ³Ό 수 μžˆμ—ˆμ„μ§€ μ§μž‘ν•˜μ‹­λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
09:02
A coalition of government employees
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λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό μ΄λŒμ–΄λ‚Έλ‹€λŠ” 것에 μ¦κ±°μ›Œν•˜κ³  μ€€λΉ„κ°€ λ˜μ–΄ 있던
09:04
who are excited and ready to drive change,
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곡무원듀은
09:06
began to grow and form.
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μ„±μž₯ν•˜κ³  κΈ°λŠ₯ν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:09
And together we started to implement changes
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” ν•¨κ»˜ 이 λ‚˜λΌμ˜ ν–‰μ • μ„œλΉ„μŠ€μ— 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ 
09:12
that impacted the service delivery of our country.
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λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό μΆ”μ§„ν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:16
The result?
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κ²°κ³Όμš”?
09:17
In just two years,
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2λ…„λ§Œμ—
09:19
Kenya's ranking moved from 136 to 92.
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μΌ€λƒμ˜ μˆœμœ„λŠ” 136μœ„μ—μ„œ 92μœ„κ°€ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:24
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
09:32
And in recognition of the significant reforms we've been able to implement
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λ˜ν•œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ‹¨μ‹œκ°„μ—
09:36
in such a short time,
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μ΄λŒμ—ˆλ˜ μ—„μ²­λ‚œ κ°œν˜μ„ 인정받아
09:38
Kenya was recognized
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μΌ€λƒλŠ”
09:40
to be among the top three global reformers in the world
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μ „ μ„Έκ³„μ˜ μ „λ°˜μ μΈ κ°œν˜κ΅­κ°€ 쀑 3μœ„ μ•ˆμ— λ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:44
two years in a row.
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2λ…„ μ—°μ†μœΌλ‘œμš”.
09:46
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
09:52
Are we fully healthy?
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ™„μ „νžˆ κ±΄κ°•ν• κΉŒμš”?
09:55
No.
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μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:56
We have some serious work still to do.
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μ€‘μš”ν•œ ν•  일듀이 아직 λ‚¨μ•„μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:00
I like to think about these two years like a weight-loss program.
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이 2년을 μ €λŠ” 체쀑 κ°λŸ‰ ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨ μ •λ„λ‘œ μƒκ°ν•˜κ³  μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:03
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
10:06
It's that time after months of hard, grueling work at the gym,
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μ²΄μœ‘κ΄€μ—μ„œ μ–΄λ ΅κ³  νž˜λ“  μš΄λ™μ„ λͺ‡ 달간 ν•œ λ’€
10:10
and then you get your first time to weigh yourself,
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처음으둜 체쀑을 μŸ€μ„ λ•Œ
10:12
and you've lost 20 pounds.
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20νŒŒμš΄λ“œλ₯Ό κ°λŸ‰ν•œκ±°μ£ .
10:14
You're feeling unstoppable.
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멈좜 수 μ—†λ‹€κ³  느끼게 되죠.
10:18
Now, some of you may think this doesn't apply to you.
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μ•„λ§ˆ λͺ‡ 뢄은 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„κ»˜ μ μš©ν•˜κΈ°λŠ” 쉽지 μ•Šλ‹€κ³  생각할지도 λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:22
You're not from Kenya.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ μΌ€λƒμ—μ„œ 온 것이 μ•„λ‹ˆλ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
10:24
You don't intend to be an entrepreneur.
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κΈ°μ—…κ°€λ₯Ό ν•  생각은 μ—†λŠ”κ±°μ£ .
10:26
But think with me for just a moment.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μž μ‹œλ§Œ 저와 μƒκ°ν•΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
10:29
When is the last time you accessed a government service?
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μ •λΆ€μ„œλΉ„μŠ€μ— κ°€μž₯ λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ μ ‘κ·Όν–ˆμ„ λ•Œκ°€ μ–Έμ œμž…λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
10:33
Maybe applied for your driver's license,
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μš΄μ „λ©΄ν—ˆμ¦μ„ μ‹ μ²­ν–ˆμ„ λ•ŒμΌ μˆ˜λ„ 있고
10:36
tried to do your taxes on your own.
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μ„ΈκΈˆμ„ 슀슀둜 λ‚΄λ €κ³  ν•  λ•Œμ˜€μ„ μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:42
It's easy in this political and global economy
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ •μΉ˜ 경제, 세계 κ²½μ œμ—μ„œλŠ”
10:45
to want to give up when we think about transforming government.
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μ •λΆ€λ₯Ό κ°œν˜ν•˜κΈ°λ‘œ λ§ˆμŒλ¨Ήμ—ˆμ„ λ•Œ ν¬κΈ°ν•˜κΈ° μ‰½μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:49
We can easily resign to the fact or to the thinking
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이런 μ‚¬μ‹€μ΄λ‚˜ 생각에 μ‰½κ²Œ μ²΄λ…ν•˜κ³ λŠ”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:52
that government is too inefficient,
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μ •λΆ€κ°€ λ„ˆλ¬΄ λΉ„νš¨μœ¨μ μ΄μ•Ό.
10:55
too corrupt,
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λ„ˆλ¬΄ λΆ€νŒ¨λ˜μ—ˆμ–΄.
10:56
unfixable.
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λ°”λ‘œμž‘μ„ 수 μ—†μ–΄.
10:58
We might even rarely get some key government responsibilities
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심지어 μ •λΆ€μ˜ μ€‘μš”ν•œ μ±…μž„λ“€μ„ λ‹€λ₯Έ λΆ„μ•Όλ‚˜
11:01
to other sectors,
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반창고λ₯Ό λΆ™μ΄λŠ” 것 같은 ν•΄λ²•μœΌλ‘œ ν•΄κ²°ν•˜μ§€λ„ μ•Šμ£ .
11:03
to Band-Aid solutions,
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11:04
or to just give up and feel helpless.
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κ·Έλƒ₯ ν¬κΈ°ν•˜κ³  무λ ₯감을 λŠλΌλŠ” κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
11:07
But just because a system is sick doesn't mean it's dying.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ΄ μ•„ν”„λ‹€λŠ” 것은 μ£½μ–΄κ°„λ‹€λŠ” μ˜λ―Έκ°€ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:12
We cannot afford to give up
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그것이 μ •λΆ€λ₯Ό λ°”λ‘œμž‘μ„ 수 μžˆλŠ” 도전이라면
11:15
when it comes to the challenges of fixing our governments.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 포기할 μ—¬μœ κ°€ μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:19
In the end,
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κ²°κ΅­
11:22
what really makes a government healthy is when healthy cells --
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μ •λΆ€λ₯Ό κ±΄κ°•ν•˜κ²Œ λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 것은
11:26
that's you and I --
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄λ‚˜ 저와 같은 κ±΄κ°•ν•œ 세포듀이
11:29
get to the ground,
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일을 μ‹œμž‘ν•˜κ³ 
11:31
roll up our sleeves,
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μ†Œλ§€λ₯Ό κ±·μ–΄μ˜¬λ¦¬κ³ 
11:32
refuse to be helpless
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무λ ₯ν•˜κΈ°λ₯Ό κ±°λΆ€ν•˜λ©°
11:34
and believe that sometimes,
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λ•Œλ‘œλŠ” λ―ΏλŠ”κ±°μ£ .
11:36
all it takes is for us to create some space
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μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²ŒλŠ”
11:39
for healthy cells to grow and thrive.
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κ±΄κ°•ν•œ 세포가 μ„±μž₯ν•˜κ³  λ²ˆμ„±ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” μ•½κ°„μ˜ κ³΅κ°„λ§Œ 있으면 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:42
Thank you.
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κ³ λ§™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:43
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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