Deb Roy: The birth of a word

Prevoditelj: Katarina Smetko Recezent: Tilen Pigac - EFZG

Imagine if you could record your life --

Zamislite da možete snimiti svoj život --

everything you said, everything you did,

sve što ste rekli, sve što ste učinili,

available in a perfect memory store at your fingertips,

dostupno savršeno pohranjeno, na dohvat ruke,

so you could go back

tako da se možete vratiti,

and find memorable moments and relive them,

pronaći značajne trenutke i ponovno ih proživjeti,

or sift through traces of time

ili preletjeti kroz tragove vremena

and discover patterns in your own life

i otkriti uzorke u vlastitom životu

that previously had gone undiscovered.

koje ranije niste ni primijetili.

Well that's exactly the journey

Točno je na takvo putovanje

that my family began

krenula moja obitelj

five and a half years ago.

prije pet i pol godina.

This is my wife and collaborator, Rupal.

Ovo je moja supruga i suradnica, Rupal.

And on this day, at this moment,

Ovog smo dana i u ovom trenutku

we walked into the house with our first child,

ušli u kuću s našim prvim djetetom,

our beautiful baby boy.

našim prekrasnim sinom.

And we walked into a house

Ušli smo u kuću

with a very special home video recording system.

s vrlo posebnim sustavom za kućno snimanje.

(Video) Man: Okay.

(Video) Muškarac: U redu.

Deb Roy: This moment

Deb Roy: Taj trenutak

and thousands of other moments special for us

i tisuće drugih posebnih trenutaka

were captured in our home

zabilježeni su u našem domu

because in every room in the house,

jer u svakoj sobi u našoj kući,

if you looked up, you'd see a camera and a microphone,

ako biste podigli pogled, vidjeli biste kameru i mikrofon,

and if you looked down,

a ako biste pogledali prema dolje,

you'd get this bird's-eye view of the room.

dobili biste ptičju perspektivu sobe.

Here's our living room,

Ovo je naša dnevna soba,

the baby bedroom,

dječja soba,

kitchen, dining room

kuhinja, blagovaonica,

and the rest of the house.

i ostatak kuće.

And all of these fed into a disc array

Sve se to spremalo na niz diskova

that was designed for a continuous capture.

izrađenih za trajno snimanje.

So here we are flying through a day in our home

Sada ubrzano gledamo jedan dan u našem domu.

as we move from sunlit morning

Krećemo od sunčanog jutra

through incandescent evening

preko osvijetljene večeri

and, finally, lights out for the day.

i na kraju gasimo svjetla.

Over the course of three years,

Tijekom tri godine

we recorded eight to 10 hours a day,

snimali smo 8 do 10 sati na dan,

amassing roughly a quarter-million hours

što na kraju čini oko četvrt milijuna sati

of multi-track audio and video.

paralelno snimanog audio i video materijala.

So you're looking at a piece of what is by far

Dakle, gledate dio daleko najveće

the largest home video collection ever made.

kolekcije kućnih videa ikad napravljene.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

And what this data represents

Ono što ovi podaci predstavljaju

for our family at a personal level,

našoj obitelji na osobnoj razini,

the impact has already been immense,

utjecaj je već do sada ogroman,

and we're still learning its value.

i još uvijek otkrivamo njihovu vrijednost.

Countless moments

Bezbrojni trenuci

of unsolicited natural moments, not posed moments,

neglumljenih prirodnih trenutaka, nenamještenih,

are captured there,

ovdje su zabilježeni,

and we're starting to learn how to discover them and find them.

i polako ih učimo otkrivati i tražiti.

But there's also a scientific reason that drove this project,

Ali postoji i znanstveni razlog za ovaj projekt,

which was to use this natural longitudinal data

a to je da upotrijebimo ove prirodne linearne podatke

to understand the process

kako bismo shvatili proces

of how a child learns language --

kojim dijete uči jezik --

that child being my son.

a to dijete je moj sin.

And so with many privacy provisions put in place

I tako, s mnogim ograničenjima zbog privatnosti,

to protect everyone who was recorded in the data,

kako bismo zaštitili sve koji su snimljeni,

we made elements of the data available

učinili smo dijelove podataka dostupnima

to my trusted research team at MIT

mojem istraživačkom timu na MIT-u

so we could start teasing apart patterns

kako bismo mogli početi izdvajati uzorke

in this massive data set,

u tom ogromnom skupu podataka,

trying to understand the influence of social environments

pokušavajući shvatiti utjecaj društvene sredine

on language acquisition.

na usvajanje jezika.

So we're looking here

Sada gledamo

at one of the first things we started to do.

jednu od prvih stvari koje smo počeli raditi.

This is my wife and I cooking breakfast in the kitchen,

Ovdje moja supruga i ja spremamo doručak u kuhinji.

and as we move through space and through time,

Kako se krećemo kroz prostor i vrijeme,

a very everyday pattern of life in the kitchen.

svakodnevni uzorak života u kuhinji.

In order to convert

Kako bismo pretvorili

this opaque, 90,000 hours of video

ovih mutnih 90.000 sati snimaka

into something that we could start to see,

u nešto što možemo jasno vidjeti,

we use motion analysis to pull out,

koristimo analizu pokreta kako bismo izvukli,

as we move through space and through time,

dok se krećemo kroz prostor i vrijeme,

what we call space-time worms.

ono što zovemo prostorno-vremenskim crvima.

And this has become part of our toolkit

I to je postao dio našeg alata

for being able to look and see

koji smo koristili kako bismo vidjeli

where the activities are in the data,

gdje se aktivnosti nalaze u podacima,

and with it, trace the pattern of, in particular,

i njima pratimo uzorke, konkretno,

where my son moved throughout the home,

kuda se moj sin kretao kroz kuću,

so that we could focus our transcription efforts,

kako bismo mogli rad na transkriptima

all of the speech environment around my son --

i govornu okolinu mogli usredotočiti na mojeg sina --

all of the words that he heard from myself, my wife, our nanny,

sve riječi koje je čuo od mene, moje supruge, naše dadilje,

and over time, the words he began to produce.

i, s vremenom, na riječi koje je počeo izgovarati.

So with that technology and that data

S tom tehnologijom i tim podacima

and the ability to, with machine assistance,

i s mogućnošću da

transcribe speech,

uz pomoć strojeva transkribiramo govor,

we've now transcribed

do sada smo transkribirali

well over seven million words of our home transcripts.

više od sedam milijuna riječi s naših kućnih transkripata.

And with that, let me take you now

S tim na umu, sad ću vam predstaviti

for a first tour into the data.

prvi pregled podataka.

So you've all, I'm sure,

Svi ste, siguran sam,

seen time-lapse videos

vidjeli ubrzane videosnimke,

where a flower will blossom as you accelerate time.

na kojima je ubrzano prikazan cvat cvijeta.

I'd like you to now experience

Sada bih vam volio dočarati

the blossoming of a speech form.

cvat govornog oblika.

My son, soon after his first birthday,

Moj sin je, nedugo nakon prvog rođendana,

would say "gaga" to mean water.

govorio "gaga", što je značilo "voda".

And over the course of the next half-year,

Tijekom narednih pola godine

he slowly learned to approximate

polako se približavao

the proper adult form, "water."

ispravnom obliku koji koriste odrasli, "voda".

So we're going to cruise through half a year

Sad ćemo proletjeti kroz pola godine

in about 40 seconds.

u otprilike 40 sekundi.

No video here,

Ovdje nema videozapisa,

so you can focus on the sound, the acoustics,

tako da se možete usredotočiti na zvuk, na akustiku

of a new kind of trajectory:

nove vrste putanje:

gaga to water.

od "gaga" do vode.

(Audio) Baby: Gagagagagaga

(Zvuk) Dijete: Gagagagagaga

Gaga gaga gaga

Gaga gaga gaga

guga guga guga

guga guga guga

wada gaga gaga guga gaga

wada gaga gaga guga gaga

wader guga guga

wada guga guga

water water water

voda voda voda

water water water

voda voda voda

water water

voda voda

water.

voda.

DR: He sure nailed it, didn't he.

DR: Odlično je to svladao, za ne?

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

So he didn't just learn water.

I nije naučio samo vodu.

Over the course of the 24 months,

Tijekom 24 mjeseca,

the first two years that we really focused on,

prve dvije godine, na koje smo se najviše usredotočili,

this is a map of every word he learned in chronological order.

ovo je prikaz svih riječi koje je naučio, kronološkim redom.

And because we have full transcripts,

A budući da imamo potpune transkripte,

we've identified each of the 503 words

identificirali smo svaku od 503 riječi

that he learned to produce by his second birthday.

koje je naučio do drugog rođendana.

He was an early talker.

Rano je progovorio.

And so we started to analyze why.

I počeli smo analizirati zašto.

Why were certain words born before others?

Zašto su se neke riječi "rodile" prije drugih?

This is one of the first results

Ovo je jedan od prvih rezultata koje smo dobili

that came out of our study a little over a year ago

iz našeg istraživanja prije nešto više od godinu dana

that really surprised us.

i koji nas je zaista iznenadio.

The way to interpret this apparently simple graph

Na ovom naizgled jednostavnom grafu

is, on the vertical is an indication

na okomitoj osi prikazana je kompleksnost

of how complex caregiver utterances are

rečenica koje su izgovarali odrasli,

based on the length of utterances.

a temeljeno na dužini rečenica.

And the [horizontal] axis is time.

A na horizontalnoj osi je vrijeme.

And all of the data,

I sve smo podatke

we aligned based on the following idea:

poredali prema sljedećem principu:

Every time my son would learn a word,

svaki put kad bi moj sin naučio riječ,

we would trace back and look at all of the language he heard

pratili bismo podatke unatrag i gledali sav govor koji je čuo

that contained that word.

i koji je sadržavao tu riječ

And we would plot the relative length of the utterances.

i ucrtali bismo relativnu duljinu tih rečenica.

And what we found was this curious phenomena,

Tako smo otkrili ovaj zanimljiv fenomen:

that caregiver speech would systematically dip to a minimum,

govor odrasle osobe sustavno se svodio na minimum,

making language as simple as possible,

čineći govor što jednostavnijim,

and then slowly ascend back up in complexity.

a zatim bi ponovno postupno postao sve složeniji.

And the amazing thing was

Ono što nas je zadivilo

that bounce, that dip,

bio je taj pad, to pojednostavljenje,

lined up almost precisely

koje se gotovo potpuno poklapa

with when each word was born --

s trenutkom "rođenja" svake riječi --

word after word, systematically.

i tako sustavno, za svaku riječ.

So it appears that all three primary caregivers --

Tako izgleda da su sva tri primarna skrbnika --

myself, my wife and our nanny --

ja, moja supruga i naša dadilja --

were systematically and, I would think, subconsciously

sustavno i, rekao bih, podsvjesno,

restructuring our language

rekonstruirala jezik

to meet him at the birth of a word

kako bi se susreli s njim prilikom rođenja riječi

and bring him gently into more complex language.

i nježno ga uveli u složeniji govor.

And the implications of this -- there are many,

Pretpostavka je sljedeća -- ima ih više,

but one I just want to point out,

ali ovu želim istaknuti:

is that there must be amazing feedback loops.

postoje zadivljujuće petlje povratnih informacija.

Of course, my son is learning

Naravno, moj sin uči

from his linguistic environment,

od svoje jezične okoline,

but the environment is learning from him.

ali i okolina uči od njega.

That environment, people, are in these tight feedback loops

Ta okolina, ljudi, dio su petlji povratnih informacija

and creating a kind of scaffolding

i grade neku vrstu skele

that has not been noticed until now.

koja do sad još nije bila uočena.

But that's looking at the speech context.

Ali to se odnosi samo na govorni kontekst.

What about the visual context?

Što je s vizualnim kontekstom?

We're not looking at --

Sad gledamo --

think of this as a dollhouse cutaway of our house.

zamislite ovo kao presjek naše kuće, poput kućice za lutke.

We've taken those circular fish-eye lens cameras,

Uzeli smo kružne leće u obliku ribljeg oka

and we've done some optical correction,

i napravili smo neke optičke korekcije,

and then we can bring it into three-dimensional life.

nakon čega smo mogli stvoriti stvaran trodimenzionalni prikaz.

So welcome to my home.

Pa, dobrodošli u moj dom.

This is a moment,

Ovo je trenutak,

one moment captured across multiple cameras.

jedan trenutak zabilježen na više kamera.

The reason we did this is to create the ultimate memory machine,

Razlog zbog kojeg smo to učinili jest da bismo stvorili najbolji memorijski stroj,

where you can go back and interactively fly around

u kojem se možete vraćati i interaktivno se kretati

and then breathe video-life into this system.

i zatim udahnuti život ovom sustavu.

What I'm going to do

Sada ću vam prikazati

is give you an accelerated view of 30 minutes,

ubrzan pregled 30 minuta

again, of just life in the living room.

svakodnevnog života u dnevnom boravku.

That's me and my son on the floor.

To smo ja i moj sin na podu.

And there's video analytics

A ovo su videoanalize

that are tracking our movements.

koje prate naše pokrete.

My son is leaving red ink. I am leaving green ink.

Moj sin ostavlja crveni trag, a ja ostavljam zeleni trag.

We're now on the couch,

Sad smo na kauču,

looking out through the window at cars passing by.

gledamo kroz prozor automobile koji prolaze.

And finally, my son playing in a walking toy by himself.

I na kraju, moj sin se sam igra u hodalici.

Now we freeze the action, 30 minutes,

Sad zamrznemo snimku, 30 minuta,

we turn time into the vertical axis,

prikažemo vrijeme na okomitoj osi,

and we open up for a view

i dobivamo pregled

of these interaction traces we've just left behind.

interaktivnih tragova koje smo ostavljali.

And we see these amazing structures --

Vidimo te zadivljujuće strukture --

these little knots of two colors of thread

te male čvorove dviju boja,

we call "social hot spots."

koje nazivamo društvenim žarištima.

The spiral thread

Spiralni trag

we call a "solo hot spot."

nazivamo samostalnim žarištem.

And we think that these affect the way language is learned.

Mislimo da to utječe na način na koji se uči jezik.

What we'd like to do

Htjeli bismo

is start understanding

početi shvaćati

the interaction between these patterns

interakciju između ovih uzoraka

and the language that my son is exposed to

i govora kojem je moj sin izložen

to see if we can predict

kako bismo pokušali predvidjeti

how the structure of when words are heard

kako struktura vremena u kojem se riječi čuju

affects when they're learned --

utječe na vrijeme u kojem se nauče --

so in other words, the relationship

odnosno, drugim riječima, vezu

between words and what they're about in the world.

između riječi i onoga što one znače u svijetu.

So here's how we're approaching this.

Evo kako mi pristupamo tome.

In this video,

U ovom videu,

again, my son is being traced out.

ponovno, pratimo mog sina.

He's leaving red ink behind.

On ostavlja crveni trag.

And there's our nanny by the door.

Ovo je naša dadilja, pored vrata.

(Video) Nanny: You want water? (Baby: Aaaa.)

(Video) Dadilja: Hoćeš vode? (Dijete: Aaaa.)

Nanny: All right. (Baby: Aaaa.)

Dadilja: U redu. (Dijete: Aaaa.)

DR: She offers water,

DR: Ona nudi vodu,

and off go the two worms

i dva crva odlaze

over to the kitchen to get water.

u kuhinju po vodu.

And what we've done is use the word "water"

Upotrijebili smo riječ "voda"

to tag that moment, that bit of activity.

da bismo označili taj trenutak, taj dio aktivnosti.

And now we take the power of data

A sada koristimo moć podataka

and take every time my son

i dobivamo svaki trenutak kad je moj sin

ever heard the word water

čuo riječ voda

and the context he saw it in,

i kontekst u kojem ju je vidio.

and we use it to penetrate through the video

Koristimo to kako bismo prošli kroz video

and find every activity trace

i pronašli svaki trag aktivnosti

that co-occurred with an instance of water.

koja se pojavila u istom trenutku kad i voda.

And what this data leaves in its wake

Ono što je nastalo kao posljedica tih podataka

is a landscape.

jest krajolik.

We call these wordscapes.

Ovo nazivamo "rječolikom".

This is the wordscape for the word water,

Ovo je rječolik za riječ voda,

and you can see most of the action is in the kitchen.

i možete vidjeti da je većina aktivnosti u kuhinji.♫

That's where those big peaks are over to the left.

Tu se nalaze ovi veliki vrhovi s lijeve strane.

And just for contrast, we can do this with any word.

Samo za usporedbu, tako možemo prikazati svaku riječ.

We can take the word "bye"

Možemo uzeti riječ "đenja",

as in "good bye."

kao u "do viđenja".

And we're now zoomed in over the entrance to the house.

I sad smo prebačeni pred ulaz u kuću.

And we look, and we find, as you would expect,

Otkrivamo, kao što bi se i očekivalo,

a contrast in the landscape

da postoji razlika u krajoliku,

where the word "bye" occurs much more in a structured way.

pri čemu se riječ "đenja" pojavljuje mnogo pravilnije.

So we're using these structures

Dakle, koristimo te strukture

to start predicting

kako bismo počeli predviđati

the order of language acquisition,

redoslijed usvajanja jezika,

and that's ongoing work now.

i još uvijek radimo na tome.

In my lab, which we're peering into now, at MIT --

U mojem laboratoriju na MIT-u, koji sada gledamo --

this is at the media lab.

ovo je u medijskom laboratoriju.

This has become my favorite way

Ovo je postao moj omiljeni način

of videographing just about any space.

grafičkog videoprikaza svakog prostora.

Three of the key people in this project,

Troje ključnih ljudi u ovom projektu,

Philip DeCamp, Rony Kubat and Brandon Roy are pictured here.

Philip DeCamp, Rony Kubat i Brandon Roy prikazani su ovdje.

Philip has been a close collaborator

Philip mi je bio bliski suradnik

on all the visualizations you're seeing.

pri izradi vizualizacija koje gledate.

And Michael Fleischman

A Michael Fleischman

was another Ph.D. student in my lab

također je bio student na doktoratu u mojem laboratoriju

who worked with me on this home video analysis,

koji je sa mnom radio na ovoj analizi kućnog videa,

and he made the following observation:

i on je primijetio sljedeće:

that "just the way that we're analyzing

"način na koji analiziramo

how language connects to events

kako je jezik povezan s događajima

which provide common ground for language,

koji predstavljaju zajednički temelj jezika,

that same idea we can take out of your home, Deb,

tu istu ideju možemo primijeniti i izvan tvoje kuće, Deb,

and we can apply it to the world of public media."

i možemo je primijeniti na svijet javnih medija."

And so our effort took an unexpected turn.

I tako je naš rad krenuo u neočekivanom smjeru.

Think of mass media

Zamislite kako masovni mediji

as providing common ground

tvore zajednički temelj,

and you have the recipe

a vi imate recept

for taking this idea to a whole new place.

kako tu ideju prenijeti na neku višu razinu.

We've started analyzing television content

Počeli smo analizirati televizijski sadržaj

using the same principles --

koristeći iste principe --

analyzing event structure of a TV signal --

analizu strukture događaja TV signala --

episodes of shows,

epizode emisija,

commercials,

reklame,

all of the components that make up the event structure.

sve sastavnice koje čine strukturu događaja.

And we're now, with satellite dishes, pulling and analyzing

Sada, pomoću satelitskih tanjura, skupljamo i analiziramo

a good part of all the TV being watched in the United States.

dobar dio cjelokupnog TV programa koji se gleda u SAD-u.

And you don't have to now go and instrument living rooms with microphones

I sad ne trebate opremati dnevne boravke mikrofonima

to get people's conversations,

da biste čuli razgovore drugih ljudi,

you just tune into publicly available social media feeds.

samo se uključite u javno dostupne društvene medije.

So we're pulling in

Tako da prikupljamo

about three billion comments a month,

oko tri milijuna komentara mjesečno.

and then the magic happens.

I tada se događa čarolija.

You have the event structure,

Imate strukturu događaja,

the common ground that the words are about,

zajedničku točku svih riječi

coming out of the television feeds;

koje dolaze iz televizijskih emisija;

you've got the conversations

Imate razgovore

that are about those topics;

koji su o tim temama;

and through semantic analysis --

i kroz semantičku analizu --

and this is actually real data you're looking at

sad gledate prave, stvarne podatke

from our data processing --

iz naše obrade podataka --

each yellow line is showing a link being made

svaka žuta linija označuje vezu koja se stvara

between a comment in the wild

između nevezanog komentara

and a piece of event structure coming out of the television signal.

i dijela strukture događaja koja dolazi iz televizijskog signala.

And the same idea now

I ta se ista ideja

can be built up.

sad može nadograditi.

And we get this wordscape,

Tako da dobivamo ovaj rječolik,

except now words are not assembled in my living room.

osim što riječi sada nisu složene u mojem dnevnom boravku.

Instead, the context, the common ground activities,

Umjesto toga, kontekst, zajedničke aktivnosti,

are the content on television that's driving the conversations.

sadržaj su na televiziji koji stvara razgovore.

And what we're seeing here, these skyscrapers now,

Ovo što ovdje vidimo, ovi neboderi,

are commentary

jesu komentari

that are linked to content on television.

koji su povezani s televizijskim sadržajem.

Same concept,

Isti koncept,

but looking at communication dynamics

osim što se gleda dinamika komunikacije

in a very different sphere.

u vrlo različitoj sferi.

And so fundamentally, rather than, for example,

Tako da, u biti, umjesto da, primjerice

measuring content based on how many people are watching,

mjerimo sadržaj na temelju broja gledatelja,

this gives us the basic data

ovo nam daje osnovne podatke

for looking at engagement properties of content.

za razumijevanje poticajnih svojstava sadržaja.

And just like we can look at feedback cycles

I baš kao što možemo gledati povratne cikluse

and dynamics in a family,

i dinamiku u obitelji,

we can now open up the same concepts

sad možemo proširiti iste koncepte

and look at much larger groups of people.

i obrađivati mnogo veće grupe ljudi.

This is a subset of data from our database --

Ovo je podskup podataka iz naše baze --

just 50,000 out of several million --

samo 50.000 od nekoliko milijuna --

and the social graph that connects them

i društveni graf koji ih povezuje

through publicly available sources.

kroz javno dostupne izvore.

And if you put them on one plain,

Ako ih stavite u jednu ravninu,

a second plain is where the content lives.

na drugoj ravnini nalazi se sadržaj.

So we have the programs

Tako imamo programe

and the sporting events

i sportske događaje

and the commercials,

i reklame

and all of the link structures that tie them together

a sve strukture povezivanja koje ih međusobno vežu

make a content graph.

zajedno čine graf sadržaja.

And then the important third dimension.

I sada, važna treća dimenzija.

Each of the links that you're seeing rendered here

Svaka od poveznica koje ovdje vidite prikazane

is an actual connection made

stvarna je veza koja je nastala

between something someone said

između nečega što je netko rekao

and a piece of content.

i dijela sadržaja.

And there are, again, now tens of millions of these links

A sada ponovno vidimo desetke milijuna tih poveznica

that give us the connective tissue of social graphs

koje sačinjavaju vezivno tkivo društvenih grafova

and how they relate to content.

i načina na koji su povezani sa sadržajem.

And we can now start to probe the structure

Sad možemo početi ispitivati strukturu

in interesting ways.

na zanimljive načine.

So if we, for example, trace the path

Ako, primjerice, pratimo put

of one piece of content

jednog dijela sadržaja

that drives someone to comment on it,

koji potiče nekoga da ga komentira,

and then we follow where that comment goes,

i zatim slijedimo put kojim taj komentar ide,

and then look at the entire social graph that becomes activated

i zatim pogledamo cijeli društveni graf koji se aktivira

and then trace back to see the relationship

i zatim se vratimo kako bismo vidjeli odnos

between that social graph and content,

između tog društvenog grafa i sadržaja,

a very interesting structure becomes visible.

pojavljuje se vrlo zanimljiva struktura.

We call this a co-viewing clique,

To zovemo ekipom za zajedničko promatranje,

a virtual living room if you will.

virtualni dnevni boravak.

And there are fascinating dynamics at play.

Odvija se fascinantna dinamika.

It's not one way.

I to nije jednosmjerno.

A piece of content, an event, causes someone to talk.

Dio sadržaja, neki događaj, potakne nekoga da govori.

They talk to other people.

Ta osoba razgovara s drugim ljudima.

That drives tune-in behavior back into mass media,

To potiče ponovno uključenje u masovne medije

and you have these cycles

tako da postoje ciklusi

that drive the overall behavior.

koji potiču cjelokupno ponašanje.

Another example -- very different --

Drugi primjer -- vrlo različit --

another actual person in our database --

druga stvarna osoba u našoj bazi --

and we're finding at least hundreds, if not thousands, of these.

a pronalazimo barem stotine, ako ne i tisuće takvih.

We've given this person a name.

Dali smo toj osobi ime.

This is a pro-amateur, or pro-am media critic

On je pro-amater, pro-am, medijski kritičar

who has this high fan-out rate.

koji dopire do velikog dijela javnosti.

So a lot of people are following this person -- very influential --

Tako da mnogi ljudi slijede tu osobu -- vrlo utjecajnu --

and they have a propensity to talk about what's on TV.

i imaju sklonost komentiranju sadržaja na TV-u.

So this person is a key link

Ta je osoba ključna poveznica

in connecting mass media and social media together.

između masovnih medija i društvenih medija.

One last example from this data:

Posljednji primjer iz ovih podataka:

Sometimes it's actually a piece of content that is special.

Ponekad je poseban upravo dio sadržaja.

So if we go and look at this piece of content,

Pa ako promotrimo taj sadržaj,

President Obama's State of the Union address

govor predsjednika Obame o stanju Unije

from just a few weeks ago,

od prije samo nekoliko tjedana,

and look at what we find in this same data set,

pogledajte što pronalazimo u tom istom skupu podataka,

at the same scale,

na istoj razini,

the engagement properties of this piece of content

poticajna svojstva tog dijela sadržaja

are truly remarkable.

zaista su izuzetne.

A nation exploding in conversation

Narod koji odjednom počinje komentirati

in real time

u stvarnom vremenu

in response to what's on the broadcast.

potaknut onime što se emitira.

And of course, through all of these lines

I naravno, kroz sve te linije

are flowing unstructured language.

teče nestrukturiran jezik.

We can X-ray

Možemo napraviti rentgensku snimku

and get a real-time pulse of a nation,

i dobiti stvarni puls naroda,

real-time sense

stvarne podatke

of the social reactions in the different circuits in the social graph

o društvenim reakcijama u različitim krugovima društvenog grafa

being activated by content.

koje aktivira sadržaj.

So, to summarize, the idea is this:

Dakle, da sažmem, ideja je sljedeća:

As our world becomes increasingly instrumented

Kako nam je svijet sve više automatiziran

and we have the capabilities

i imamo mogućnosti

to collect and connect the dots

prikupljati i povezivati točkice

between what people are saying

između onoga što ljudi govore

and the context they're saying it in,

i konteksta u kojem to govore,

what's emerging is an ability

pojavljuje se i mogućnost

to see new social structures and dynamics

da vidimo nove društvene strukture i dinamiku

that have previously not been seen.

koje prije nismo mogli vidjeti.

It's like building a microscope or telescope

To je kao kad sklapate mikroskop ili teleskop

and revealing new structures

i otkrivate nove strukture

about our own behavior around communication.

našeg vlastitog ponašanja tijekom komunikacije.

And I think the implications here are profound,

I mislim da ovo ima duboke implikacije,

whether it's for science,

bilo za znanost,

for commerce, for government,

trgovinu, vladu,

or perhaps most of all,

ili možda, najviše od svega,

for us as individuals.

za nas kao pojedince.

And so just to return to my son,

I samo da se vratim na svog sina,

when I was preparing this talk, he was looking over my shoulder,

dok sam pripremao ovo predavanje, gledao mi je preko ramena

and I showed him the clips I was going to show to you today,

i pokazao sam mu videozapise koje sam mislio pokazati vama danas

and I asked him for permission -- granted.

i tražio sam ga dopuštenje -- i dobio ga.

And then I went on to reflect,

Nakon toga sam razmišljao,

"Isn't it amazing,

"Nije li to fantastično,

this entire database, all these recordings,

cijelu ovu bazu, sve snimke,

I'm going to hand off to you and to your sister" --

predat ću tebi i tvojoj sestri",

who arrived two years later --

koju smo dobili dvije godine kasnije.

"and you guys are going to be able to go back and re-experience moments

"A vi ćete se moći vratiti i ponovno proživjeti trenutke

that you could never, with your biological memory,

kojih se inače, sa svojim biološkim pamćenjem,

possibly remember the way you can now?"

nikako ne biste mogli sjećati kao što to možete sada."

And he was quiet for a moment.

On je zašutio na trenutak,

And I thought, "What am I thinking?

pa sam pomislio, "Što je meni?

He's five years old. He's not going to understand this."

Ima pet godina. Neće razumjeti ništa od ovoga."

And just as I was having that thought, he looked up at me and said,

I upravo u trenutku kad sam to pomislio, pogledao me i rekao,

"So that when I grow up,

"Znači, kad narastem,

I can show this to my kids?"

mogu ovo pokazati svojoj djeci?"

And I thought, "Wow, this is powerful stuff."

I pomislio sam "Opa, ovo je moćna stvar."

So I want to leave you

Za kraj vam želim pokazati

with one last memorable moment

posljednji trenutak za pamćenje

from our family.

iz naše obitelji.

This is the first time our son

Ovo je prvi put da je naš sin

took more than two steps at once --

napravio više od dva koraka odjednom --

captured on film.

zabilježeno na filmu.

And I really want you to focus on something

Želim da obratite pažnju na nešto

as I take you through.

dok vas vodim kroz snimku.

It's a cluttered environment; it's natural life.

To je natrpana okolina, svakodnevni život.

My mother's in the kitchen, cooking,

Moja majka je u kuhinji, kuha,

and, of all places, in the hallway,

i baš u hodniku

I realize he's about to do it, about to take more than two steps.

shvaćam da će to učiniti, napraviti više od dva koraka.

And so you hear me encouraging him,

Čujete me kako ga ohrabrujem,

realizing what's happening,

shvaćam što se događa,

and then the magic happens.

i tad nastupa čarolija.

Listen very carefully.

Slušajte pažljivo.

About three steps in,

Nakon oko tri koraka,

he realizes something magic is happening,

on shvaća da se događa nešto čarobno.

and the most amazing feedback loop of all kicks in,

I uključuje se zadivljujuća petlja povratnih informacija,

and he takes a breath in,

on udahne,

and he whispers "wow"

i prošapće "opa"

and instinctively I echo back the same.

a ja instiktivno odgovorim isto to.

And so let's fly back in time

Vratimo se nazad u vremenu

to that memorable moment.

do tog trenutka za pamćenje.

(Video) DR: Hey.

(Video) DR: Hej.

Come here.

Dođi ovamo.

Can you do it?

Možeš li?

Oh, boy.

Ajme meni.

Can you do it?

Možeš li?

Baby: Yeah.

Dijete: Da.

DR: Ma, he's walking.

DR: Mama, on hoda.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

DR: Thank you.

DR: Hvala.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)