Sanjay Pradhan: How open data is changing international aid

29,130 views ใƒป 2012-10-30

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ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุฃุฏู†ุงู‡ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ.

00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast
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ุงู„ู…ุชุฑุฌู…: Abed Shurrab ุงู„ู…ุฏู‚ู‘ู‚: Emad Ahmad
00:15
I grew up in Bihar, India's poorest state,
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ู†ุดุฃุช ููŠ "ุจูŠู‡ุงุฑ" ุŒ ุฃูู‚ุฑ ูˆ๏ปปูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏ ุŒ
00:20
and I remember when I was six years old,
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ูˆ ุฃุชุฐูƒุฑ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูƒุงู† ุนู…ุฑูŠ ุณุช ุณู†ูˆุงุช ุŒ
00:24
I remember coming home one day to find a cart
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ุฃุฐูƒุฑ ุนูˆุฏุชูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจูŠุช ุฃุญุฏ ุงู„ุฃูŠุงู… ู„ุฃุฌุฏ ุนุฑุจุฉ
00:27
full of the most delicious sweets at our doorstep.
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ู…ู„ูŠุฆุฉ ุจุฃุดู‡ู‰ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ุญู„ูˆู‰ ุฃู…ุงู… ุงู„ุจูŠุช .
00:33
My brothers and I dug in,
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ู‡ุฌู…ู†ุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฃู†ุง ูˆุฅุฎูˆุชูŠ
00:36
and that's when my father came home.
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ูˆ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุนุงุฏ ุฃุจูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจูŠุช.
00:40
He was livid, and I still remember how we cried
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ูˆ ุบุถุจ ุฌุฏุงู‹ ุŒ ูˆ ู„ุง ุฒู„ุช ุฃุฐูƒุฑ ูƒูŠู ุจูƒูŠู†ุง
00:45
when that cart with our half-eaten sweets
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ุญูŠู† ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุนุฑุจุฉ ุจุญู„ูˆุชู†ุง ุงู„ู†ุตู ู…ุฃูƒูˆู„ุฉ
00:49
was pulled away from us.
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ู†ุฒุนุช ู…ู† ุจูŠู† ุฃูŠุฏูŠู†ุง
00:52
Later, I understood why my father got so upset.
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ู„ุงุญู‚ุงู‹ุŒ ุฃุฏุฑูƒุช ุณุจุจ ุบุถุจ ุฃุจูŠุŒ
00:57
Those sweets were a bribe
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ูƒุงู†ุช ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุญู„ูˆู‰ ุฑุดูˆุฉ
01:00
from a contractor who was trying to get my father
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ู…ู† ู…ู‚ุงูˆู„ ูƒุงู† ูŠุญุงูˆู„ ุฌุนู„ ุฃุจูŠ
01:04
to award him a government contract.
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ูŠูƒุงูุฆู‡ ุจุนู‚ุฏ ุญูƒูˆู…ูŠ.
01:07
My father was responsible for building roads in Bihar,
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ูƒุงู† ูˆุงู„ุฏูŠ ู…ุณุคู„ุงู‹ ุนู† ุจู†ุงุก ุงู„ุทุฑู‚ ููŠ ุจูŠู‡ุงุฑุŒ
01:12
and he had developed a firm stance against corruption,
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ูˆูƒุงู† ู…ูˆู‚ูู‡ ุตุงุฑู…ุงู‹ ุถุฏ ุงู„ูุณุงุฏ ุŒ
01:17
even though he was harassed and threatened.
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ุจุงู„ุฑุบู… ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุถุงูŠู‚ุงุช ูˆุงู„ุชู‡ุฏูŠุฏุงุช .
01:21
His was a lonely struggle, because Bihar
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ุตุฑุงุนู‡ ูƒุงู† ูุฑุฏูŠุงู‹ุŒ ู„ุฃู† ุจูŠู‡ุงุฑ
01:24
was also India's most corrupt state,
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ูƒุงู†ุช ุฃูŠุถุงู‹ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ูุณุงุฏุงู‹ ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุŒ
01:28
where public officials were enriching themselves,
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ุญูŠุซ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุธููˆู† ุงู„ุนู…ูˆู…ูŠู‘ู† ูŠุซุฑูˆู† ุฃู†ูุณู‡ู… ุŒ
01:31
[rather] than serving the poor who had no means
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ุจุฏู„ุงู‹ ู…ู† ุฎุฏู…ุฉ ุงู„ูู‚ุฑุงุก ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ู„ู‡ู… ุฃูŠ ุณุจูŠู„
01:36
to express their anguish if their children
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ู„ู„ุชุนุจูŠุฑ ุนู† ูƒุฑุจู‡ู… ุญูŠู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃุทูุงู„ู‡ู…
01:40
had no food or no schooling.
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ุจู„ุง ุทุนุงู… ูˆุจู„ุง ุชุนู„ูŠู…
01:43
And I experienced this most viscerally
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ูˆ ู‚ุฏ ู…ุฑุช ุจูŠ ุชุฌุฑุจุฉ ู…ู…ุงุซู„ุฉ ู‡ุฒุช ูˆุฌุฏุงู†ูŠุŒ
01:48
when I traveled to remote villages to study poverty.
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ุนู†ุฏ ุชุฌูˆุงู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ุฑู‰ ุงู„ู†ุงุฆูŠุฉ ู„ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ุงู„ูู‚ุฑ.
01:54
And as I went village to village,
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ุฃุซู†ุงุก ุชู†ู‚ู„ูŠ ู…ู† ู‚ุฑูŠุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŒ
01:58
I remember one day, when I was famished and exhausted,
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ุฃุชุฐูƒุฑ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูƒู†ุช ููŠู‡ ุฌุงุฆุนุง ุฌุฏุงู‹ ูˆ ู…ู†ู‡ูƒุงู‹ุŒ
02:04
and I was almost collapsing
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ูˆ ูƒู†ุช ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุดูƒ ุงู„ุฅู†ู‡ูŠุงุฑุŒ
02:07
in a scorching heat under a tree,
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ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ูŠุธ ุงู„ุญุงุฑู‚ ุชุญุช ุดุฌุฑุฉุŒ
02:10
and just at that time, one of the poorest men in that village
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ูˆููŠ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู„ุญุธุฉุŒ ุฃุญุฏ ุฃุดุฏ ุฑุฌุงู„ ุงู„ู‚ุฑูŠุฉ ูู‚ุฑุงู‹
02:16
invited me into his hut and graciously fed me.
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ุฏุนุงู†ูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ูƒูˆุฎู‡ ูˆ ุฃุทุนู…ู†ูŠ ุจูƒู„ ูƒุฑู….
02:22
Only I later realized that what he fed me
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ุฃุฏุฑูƒุช ๏ปปุญู‚ุงู‹ ุฃู† ู…ุง ุฃุทุนู…ู†ูŠ ุฅูŠุงู‡
02:26
was food for his entire family for two days.
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ู‡ูˆ ุทุนุงู… ุฃุณุฑุชู‡ ูƒุงู…ู„ุฉ ู„ูŠูˆู…ูŠู†.
02:32
This profound gift of generosity
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ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒุฑู… ุงู„ู…ุชุฃุตู‘ู„
02:36
challenged and changed the very purpose of my life.
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ุชุญุฏู‰ ูˆ ุบูŠู‘ุฑ ู‡ุฏููŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ.
02:42
I resolved to give back.
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ุฃุตุจุญุช ุนุงุฒู…ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนุทุงุก .
02:46
Later, I joined the World Bank, which sought to fight
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ููŠู…ุง ุจุนุฏุŒ ุงู†ุถู…ู…ุช ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจู†ูƒ ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ูŠ ุŒ ุงู„ู„ุฐูŠ ุณุนู‰ ู„ู…ูƒุงูุญุฉ
02:50
such poverty by transferring aid from rich to poor countries.
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ุงู„ูู‚ุฑ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุชุญูˆูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุงุช ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุบู†ูŠุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูู‚ูŠุฑุฉ.
02:56
My initial work focused on Uganda, where I focused
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ุนู…ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุจุฏุฆูŠ ุฑูƒุฒ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃูˆุบู†ุฏุงุŒ ุญูŠุซ ุฑูƒุฒุช
03:01
on negotiating reforms with the Finance Ministry of Uganda
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ููŠ ุงู„ุชูุงูˆุถ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฅุตู„ุงุญุงุช ู…ุน ูˆุฒุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆุบู†ุฏูŠุฉ
03:05
so they could access our loans.
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ุญุชู‰ ูŠุชู…ูƒู†ูˆุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู‚ุฑูˆุถู†ุง .
03:08
But after we disbursed the loans, I remember
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุจุนุฏ ุตุฑู ุงู„ู‚ุฑูˆุถุŒ ุฃุชุฐูƒุฑ
03:11
a trip in Uganda where I found newly built schools
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ูˆุฌุฏุช ููŠ ุฅุญุฏู‰ ุฑุญู„ุงุชูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃูˆุบู†ุฏุง ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ู…ุจู†ูŠุฉ ุญุฏูŠุซุง
03:16
without textbooks or teachers,
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ุจุฏูˆู† ูƒุชุจ ุฃูˆ ู…ุฏุฑุณูŠู†ุŒ
03:18
new health clinics without drugs,
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ุนูŠุงุฏุงุช ุตุญูŠุฉ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ุจุฏูˆู† ุฃุฏูˆูŠุฉุŒ
03:21
and the poor once again without any voice or recourse.
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ูˆุงู„ูู‚ุฑุงุก ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุจุฏูˆู† ุตูˆุช ุฃูˆ ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏ.
03:27
It was Bihar all over again.
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ูƒุงู†ุช ุจูŠู‡ุงุฑ ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰.
03:31
Bihar represents the challenge of development:
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ุจูŠู‡ุงุฑ ู…ุซู„ุช ุชุญุฏู ููŠ ุงู„ุชู†ู…ูŠุฉ .
03:35
abject poverty surrounded by corruption.
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ูู‚ุฑ ู…ุฏู‚ุน ู…ุญุงุท ุจุงู„ูุณุงุฏ .
03:38
Globally, 1.3 billion people live on less than
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ุนุงู„ู…ูŠุงุŒ 1.3 ู…ู„ูŠุงุฑ ุดุฎุต ูŠุนูŠุดูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู†
03:43
$1.25 a day, and the work I did in Uganda
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ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑ ูˆุฑุจุน ู„ู„ูŠูˆู… ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู‚ู…ุช ุจู‡ ููŠ ุฃูˆุบู†ุฏุง
03:47
represents the traditional approach to these problems
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ูŠู…ุซู„ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุฌ ุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠ ู„ุญู„ู‘ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุงุช
03:52
that has been practiced since 1944,
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ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠู…ุงุฑุณ ู…ู†ุฐ ุนุงู… 1944ุŒ
03:57
when winners of World War II, 500 founding fathers,
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ุญูŠู† ุฌุงุก ุงู„ู…ู†ุชุตุฑูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ุญุฑุจ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ 500 ุฃุจ ู…ุคุณุณุŒ
04:02
and one lonely founding mother,
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ูˆ ุฃู…ู‘ ู…ุคุณุณุฉ ูˆุญูŠุฏุฉุŒ
04:06
gathered in New Hampshire, USA,
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ูˆ ุงุฌุชู…ุนูˆุง ููŠ ู†ูŠูˆ ู‡ุงู…ุจุดูŠุฑุŒ ุจุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠุฉ
04:08
to establish the Bretton Woods institutions,
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ู„ุชุฃุณูŠุณ ู…ุคุณุณุงุช ู…ุคุชู…ุฑ ุจุฑูŠุชูˆู† ูˆูˆุฏุณุŒ
04:11
including the World Bank.
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ุจู…ุง ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุจู†ูƒ ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ูŠ .
04:13
And that traditional approach to development
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ูˆ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุฌ ุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุชู†ู…ูŠุฉุŒ
04:16
had three key elements. First, transfer of resources
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ูŠุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠุฉุŒ ุฃูˆ๏ปป ู†ู‚ู„ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ
04:20
from rich countries in the North
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ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุบู†ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„
04:22
to poorer countries in the South,
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ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ูู‚ูŠุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌู†ูˆุจ ุŒ
04:24
accompanied by reform prescriptions.
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ู…ุตุญูˆุจุง ุจู‚ุงุฆู…ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฅุตู„ุงุญุงุช .
04:27
Second, the development institutions that channeled
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ุซุงู†ูŠุงุŒ ู…ุคุณุณุงุช ุงู„ุชู†ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูˆุฌู‡ุช
04:31
these transfers were opaque, with little transparency
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ุนู…ู„ูŠุงุช ุงู„ู†ู‚ู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒุงู†ุช ุบุงู…ุถุฉุŒ ูˆุงูุชู‚ุฑุช ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดูุงููŠุฉ
04:35
of what they financed or what results they achieved.
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ุนู† ู…ุง ุชู…ู‘ ุชู…ูˆูŠู„ู‡ ุŒ ูˆ ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู†ุชุงุฆุฌ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุญู‚ู‚ูˆู‡ุง.
04:39
And third, the engagement in developing countries
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ุซุงู„ุซุงุŒ ุฃู† ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู†ุงู…ูŠุฉ
04:43
was with a narrow set of government elites
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ูƒุงู† ู…ุน ูุฆุฉ ุถูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ู† ู†ุฎุจ ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุฉ
04:46
with little interaction with the citizens, who are
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ุจุชูุงุนู„ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุทู†ูŠู† ุŒ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ู‡ู…
04:50
the ultimate beneficiaries of development assistance.
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ุงู„ู…ุณุชููŠุฏูˆู† ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงุฆูŠูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุงุช ุงู„ุชู†ู…ูˆูŠุฉ .
04:54
Today, each of these elements is opening up
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ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุŒ ูƒู„ู‘ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ููŠ ุชูุชุญ
04:58
due to dramatic changes in the global environment.
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ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ู„ู„ุชุบูŠู‘ุฑุงุช ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุฑุญ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠ.
05:02
Open knowledge, open aid, open governance,
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ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ุงู„ู…ูุชูˆุญุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุนูˆู†ุงุช ุงู„ู…ูุชูˆุญุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ุฅุฏุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ูุชูˆุญุฉุŒ
05:05
and together, they represent three key shifts
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ูƒู„ู‘ู‡ุง ู…ุน ุจุนุถู‡ุง ุชู…ุซู„ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุชุญูˆู‘ู„ุงุช ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ
05:09
that are transforming development
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ุญูˆู„ุช ุงู„ุชู†ู…ูŠุฉ ุŒ
05:12
and that also hold greater hope for the problems
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ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ุฃูŠุถุง ุชุญู…ู„ ุฃู…ุง๏ปปู‹ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู„ู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุงุช
05:16
I witnessed in Uganda and in Bihar.
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ุดู‡ุฏุชู‡ุง ููŠ ุฃูˆุบู†ุฏุง ูˆุจูŠู‡ุงุฑ.
05:20
The first key shift is open knowledge.
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ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชุญูˆู‘ู„ุงุช ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ุงู„ู…ูุชูˆุญุฉ.
05:23
You know, developing countries today will not simply
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ูƒู…ุง ุชุนุฑููˆู†ุŒ ุฃู† ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู†ุงู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู„ู† ุชู‚ุจู„ ุจุจุณุงุทุฉ
05:27
accept solutions that are handed down to them
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ุงู„ุญู„ูˆู„ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุนุทู‰ ู„ู‡ู…
05:30
by the U.S., Europe or the World Bank.
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ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ูˆ๏ปปูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ ุฃูˆ ุฃูˆุฑูˆุจุง ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุจู†ูƒ ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ูŠ .
05:34
They get their inspiration, their hope,
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ู‡ู… ูŠุญุตู„ูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุฅู„ู‡ุงู… ูˆุขู…ุงู„ู‡ู…
05:37
their practical know-how,
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ูˆู…ู‡ุงุฑุงุชู‡ู… ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉุŒ
05:39
from successful emerging economies in the South.
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ู…ู† ู†ุฌุงุญุงุช ุงู„ุงู‚ุชุตุงุฏุงุช ุงู„ุตุงุนุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌู†ูˆุจ .
05:43
They want to know how China lifted 500 million people
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ูŠุฑูŠุฏูˆู† ุฃู† ูŠุนุฑููˆุง ูƒูŠู ุงุณุชุทุงุนุช ุงู„ุตูŠู† ุฑูุน 500 ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ุดุฎุต
05:47
out of poverty in 30 years,
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ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุญุฏูˆุฏ ุงู„ูู‚ุฑ ููŠ 30 ุนุงู…ุŒ
05:51
how Mexico's Oportunidades program
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ูˆ ูƒูŠู ู‚ุงู… ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ ุงู„ูุฑุต (ุฃุจุงุฑุชูˆู†ูŠุฏุงุฏุณ) ุงู„ู…ูƒุณูŠูƒูŠ
05:54
improved schooling and nutrition for millions of children.
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ุจุชุญุณูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู…ูŠ ูˆุงู„ุบุฐุงุฆูŠ ู„ู…ู„ุงูŠูŠู† ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ .
05:59
This is the new ecosystem of open-knowledge flows,
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ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุชูŠุงุฑ ุงู„ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ุฅูŠูƒูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠ ู„ู„ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ุงู„ู…ูุชูˆุญุฉ
06:04
not just traveling North to South, but South to South,
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๏ปป ูŠู†ุชู‚ู„ ูู‚ุท ู…ู† ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌู†ูˆุจุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌู†ูˆุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌู†ูˆุจุŒ
06:09
and even South to North,
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ูˆ ุญุชู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌู†ูˆุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ุŒ
06:12
with Mexico's Oportunidades today inspiring New York City.
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ุญุชู‰ ุฃู† ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ ุฃุจุงุฑุชูˆู†ูŠุฏุงุฏุณ ุงู„ู…ูƒุณูŠูƒูŠ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ูŠู„ู‡ู… ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ู†ูŠูˆูŠูˆุฑูƒ.
06:17
And just as these North-to-South transfers are opening up,
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ูˆ ู…ุซู„ู…ุง ุชู†ูุชุญ ุนู…ู„ูŠุงุช ุงู„ู†ู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌู†ูˆุจุŒ
06:21
so too are the development institutions
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ูƒุฐู„ูƒ ุชู†ูุชุญ ุฃูŠุถุง ู…ุคุณุณุงุช ุงู„ุชู†ู…ูŠุฉ
06:24
that channeled these transfers.
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชูˆุฌู‘ู‡ ุนู…ู„ูŠุงุช ุงู„ู†ู‚ู„ .
06:27
This is the second shift: open aid.
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชุญูˆู‘ู„ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ : ุงู„ู…ุนูˆู†ุฉ ุงู„ู…ูุชูˆุญุฉ.
06:30
Recently, the World Bank opened its vault of data
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ู…ุคุฎุฑุงุŒ ูุชุญ ุงู„ุจู†ูƒ ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ูŠ ุฎุฒูŠู†ุชู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุชูŠุฉ
06:34
for public use, releasing 8,000 economic and social indicators
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ู„ู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ุนุงู…ุŒ ู…ูุฑุฌุง ุนู† 8000 ู…ุคุดุฑ ุงู‚ุชุตุงุฏูŠ ูˆุงุฌุชู…ุงุนูŠ
06:39
for 200 countries over 50 years,
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ู„ู€ 200 ุจู„ุฏ ุฎู„ุงู„ 50 ุนุงู…ุง ูˆูŠุฒูŠุฏุŒ
06:43
and it launched a global competition to crowdsource
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ู…ู…ุง ุฃุฏู‰ ุฅู„ู‰ ุชุณุงุจู‚ ุนุงู„ู…ูŠ ู„ุญุดุฏ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ
06:47
innovative apps using this data.
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ู„ุชุทุจูŠู‚ุงุช ู…ุจุชูƒุฑุฉ ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช
06:51
Development institutions today are also opening
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ู…ุคุณุณุงุช ุงู„ุชู†ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู‡ูŠ ุฃูŠุถุง ุชูุชุญ
06:54
for public scrutiny the projects they finance.
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ุงู„ู…ุดุงุฑูŠุน ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู…ูˆู„ู‡ุง ู„ู„ุชุฏู‚ูŠู‚ ุงู„ุนุงู….
06:58
Take GeoMapping. In this map from Kenya,
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ุฎุฐ ุฑุณู… ุงู„ุฎุฑุงุฆุท ุงู„ุฌุบุฑุงููŠุฉ. ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎุฑูŠุทุฉ ู…ู† ูƒูŠู†ูŠุงุŒ
07:02
the red dots show where all the schools financed by donors
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ุชุธู‡ุฑ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุท ุงู„ุญู…ุฑุงุก ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ุงู„ู…ู…ูˆู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุงู†ุญุฉ
07:07
are located, and the darker the shade of green,
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ูƒู„ู…ุง ุฒุงุฏ ุงู„ุธู„ ุงู„ุฃุฎุถุฑุŒ
07:11
the more the number of out-of-school children.
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ูƒู„ู…ุง ุฒุงุฏ ุนุฏุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ุจุฏูˆู† ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ.
07:14
So this simple mashup reveals that donors
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ูŠูƒุดู ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฒุฌ ุงู„ุจุณูŠุท ุฃู† ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุงู†ุญุฉ
07:18
have not financed any schools in the areas
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ู„ู… ุชู…ูˆู„ ุฃูŠุงู‹ ุงู„ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุทู‚
07:21
with the most out-of-school children,
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠูƒุซุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุนุฏุฏ ุง๏ปทุทูุงู„ ุจุฏูˆู† ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ
07:23
provoking new questions. Is development assistance
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ู…ู…ุง ูŠุซูŠุฑุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ. ู‡ู„ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ู…ุงุฆูŠุฉ
07:27
targeting those who most need our help?
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ุชุณุชู‡ุฏู ู…ู† ู‡ู… ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุณุงุนุฏุชู†ุงุŸ
07:32
In this manner, the World Bank has now GeoMapped
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ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉุŒ ุงู„ุจู†ูƒ ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ูŠ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ ุงู„ุขู† ุฑุณู… ุฎุฑุงุฆุท ุฌุบุฑุงููŠุฉ
07:35
30,000 project activities in 143 countries,
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ู„ุฃู†ุดุทุฉ 30,000 ู…ุดุฑูˆุน ููŠ 143 ุจู„ุฏุงุŒ
07:40
and donors are using a common platform
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ูˆุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุงู†ุญุฉ ุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ู…ู†ุตุฉ ู…ุดุชุฑูƒุฉ
07:43
to map all their projects.
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ู„ุชุนูŠูŠู† ูƒุงูุฉ ู…ุดุงุฑูŠุนู‡ุง.
07:46
This is a tremendous leap forward in transparency
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ู‡ุฐุง ู‚ูุฒุฉ ู‡ุงุฆู„ุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู…ุงู… ููŠ ู…ุฌุงู„ ุงู„ุดูุงููŠุฉ
07:51
and accountability of aid.
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ูˆุงู„ู…ุณุคูˆู„ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ.
07:54
And this leads me to the third, and in my view,
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ูŠู‚ูˆุฏู†ูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุซุงู„ุซุŒ ูˆููŠ ุฑุฃูŠูŠุŒ
07:57
the most significant shift in development:
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ุฃู‡ู… ุชุญูˆู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุชู†ู…ูŠุฉ:
08:00
open governance. Governments today are opening up
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ุง๏ปนุฏุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ูุชูˆุญุฉ. ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุงุช ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุชู†ูุชุญ
08:04
just as citizens are demanding voice and accountability.
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ูƒู…ุง ูŠุทุงู„ุจ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุทู†ูˆู† ุจุณู…ุงุน ุฃุตูˆุงุชู‡ู… ูˆุจุงู„ู…ุณุงุกู„ุฉ.
08:08
From the Arab Spring to the Anna Hazare movement in India,
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ู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุจูŠุน ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุขู†ุง ู‡ุงุฒุงุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุŒ
08:12
using mobile phones and social media
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ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุชู ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงู„ุฉ ูˆุงู„ูˆุณุงุฆุท ุงู„ุงุฌุชู…ุงุนูŠุฉ
08:15
not just for political accountability
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ู„ูŠุณ ูู‚ุท ู„ู„ู…ุณุงุกู„ุฉ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุณูŠุฉ
08:18
but also for development accountability.
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ุจู„ ุฃูŠุถุงู‹ ู„ู„ู…ุณุงุกู„ุฉ ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆ.
08:22
Are governments delivering services to the citizens?
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ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุงุช ุชู‚ุฏู… ุงู„ุฎุฏู…ุงุช ู„ู„ู…ูˆุงุทู†ูŠู†ุŸ
08:26
So for instance, several governments in Africa
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ู„ุฐุง ูุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ุŒ ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุงุช ููŠ ุฃูุฑูŠู‚ูŠุง
08:30
and Eastern Europe are opening their budgets to the public.
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ูˆุฃูˆุฑูˆุจุง ุงู„ุดุฑู‚ูŠุฉ ุชูุชุญ ู…ูŠุฒุงู†ูŠุงุชู‡ุง ู„ู„ุฌู…ู‡ูˆุฑ.
08:35
But, you know, there is a big difference between a budget
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ูˆู„ูƒู†ุŒ ูƒู…ุง ุชุนู„ู…ูˆู†ุŒ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ูุฑู‚ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุจูŠู† ู…ูŠุฒุงู†ูŠุฉ
08:39
that's public and a budget that's accessible.
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ุนุงู…ุฉ ูˆู…ูŠุฒุงู†ูŠุฉ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุง.
08:43
This is a public budget. (Laughter)
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ูŠุฒุงู†ูŠุฉ ุนุงู…ุฉ. (ุถุญูƒ)
08:48
And as you can see, it's not really accessible
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ูˆูƒู…ุง ุชุฑูˆู†ุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุชุงุญุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ
08:51
or understandable to an ordinary citizen
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ุฃูˆ ู…ูู‡ูˆู…ุฉ ู„ู…ูˆุงุทู† ุนุงุฏูŠ
08:54
that is trying to understand how the government is spending its resources.
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ูŠุญุงูˆู„ ุฃู† ูŠูู‡ู… ูƒูŠู ุชู†ูู‚ ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุฉ ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏู‡ุง.
08:59
To tackle this problem, governments are using new tools
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ู„ู…ุนุงู„ุฌุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉุŒ ุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุงุช ุฃุฏูˆุงุช ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ
09:03
to visualize the budget so it's more understandable
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ู„ุชุตูˆุฑ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฒุงู†ูŠุฉ ุญุชู‰ ุชุตุจุญ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู‚ุงุจู„ูŠุฉ ู„ู„ูู‡ู…
09:07
to the public.
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ู„ู„ุฌู…ู‡ูˆุฑ.
09:09
In this map from Moldova, the green color shows
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ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎุฑูŠุทุฉ ู…ู† ู…ูˆู„ุฏูˆูุงุŒ ูŠุธู‡ุฑ ุงู„ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ุฃุฎุถุฑ
09:13
those districts that have low spending on schools
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ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ุง ุฅู†ูุงู‚ ู…ู†ุฎูุถ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ
09:17
but good educational outcomes,
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ู†ุชุงุฆุฌ ุชุนู„ูŠู…ูŠุฉ ุฌูŠุฏุฉุŒ
09:20
and the red color shows the opposite.
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ูˆุงู„ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ุฃุญู…ุฑ ูŠุธู‡ุฑ ุนูƒุณ ุฐู„ูƒ.
09:23
Tools like this help turn a shelf full of inscrutable documents
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ุฃุฏูˆุงุช ู…ุซู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุณุงู‡ู…ุช ููŠ ุชุญูˆูŠู„ ุฑู ูƒุงู…ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆุซุงุฆู‚ ุงู„ุบุงู…ุถุฉ
09:30
into a publicly understandable visual,
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ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ุจุตุฑูŠุฉ ู…ูู‡ูˆู…ุฉ ู„ู„ุฌู…ู‡ูˆุฑุŒ
09:33
and what's exciting is that with this openness,
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ูˆู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ู…ุซูŠุฑ ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุน ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงู†ูุชุงุญุŒ
09:37
there are today new opportunities for citizens
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ู‡ู†ุงู„ูƒ ูุฑุต ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ู„ู„ู…ูˆุงุทู†ูŠู† ุงู„ูŠูˆู…
09:41
to give feedback and engage with government.
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ู„ุฅุจุฏุงุก ุงู„ุฑุฃูŠ ูˆุงู„ู…ุดุงุฑูƒุฉ ู…ุน ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุฉ.
09:44
So in the Philippines today, parents and students
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ูู„ุจูŠู† ุงู„ูŠูˆู…ุŒ ุงู„ุขุจุงุก ูˆุงู„ุทู„ุงุจ
09:49
can give real-time feedback on a website,
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ู‡ู… ุฅุจุฏุงุก ุขุฑุงุคู‡ู… ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุนูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูˆู‚ุน
09:53
Checkmyschool.org, or using SMS, whether teachers
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Checkmyschool.orgุŒ ุฃูˆ ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ุฑุณุงุฆู„ ุงู„ู‚ุตูŠุฑุฉุŒ ุนู…ุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู…ุนู„ู…ูˆู†
09:58
and textbooks are showing up in school,
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ุฃูˆ ุงู„ูƒุชุจ ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณูŠุฉ ู…ุชูˆุงุฌุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉุŒ
10:01
the same problems I witnessed in Uganda and in Bihar.
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ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุดู‡ุฏุชู‡ุง ููŠ ุฃูˆุบู†ุฏุง ูˆููŠ ุจูŠู‡ุงุฑ.
10:06
And the government is responsive. So for instance,
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ูˆุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุชุณุชุฌูŠุจ. ู„ุฐุง ูุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ุŒ
10:08
when it was reported on this website that 800 students
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุฃูุงุฏุช ุงู„ุชู‚ุงุฑูŠุฑ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ุฃู† 800 ุทุงู„ุจ
10:13
were at risk because school repairs had stalled
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ู…ุนุฑุถูŠู† ู„ู„ุฎุทุฑ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ุฅุตู„ุงุญุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ุชูˆู‚ูุช
10:17
due to corruption, the Department of Education
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ุจุณุจุจ ุงู„ูุณุงุฏุŒ ูˆุฒุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู…
10:20
in the Philippines took swift action.
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ููŠ ุงู„ูู„ุจูŠู† ุงุชุฎุฐ ุฅุฌุฑุงุกุงุช ุณุฑูŠุนุฉ.
10:23
And you know what's exciting is that this innovation
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ุฃุชุนุฑููˆู† ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ู…ุซูŠุฑ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงุจุชูƒุงุฑ
10:26
is now spreading South to South, from the Philippines
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ูŠู†ุชุดุฑ ุงู„ุขู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌู†ูˆุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌู†ูˆุจุŒ ู…ู† ุงู„ูู„ุจูŠู†
10:31
to Indonesia, Kenya, Moldova and beyond.
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ู„ุฅู†ุฏูˆู†ูŠุณูŠุงุŒ ูˆูƒูŠู†ูŠุงุŒ ูˆู…ูˆู„ุฏุงููŠุงุŒ ูˆุฃุจุนุฏ ู…ู† ุฐู„ูƒ.
10:35
In Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, even an impoverished
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ููŠ ุฏุงุฑ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู…ุŒ ูˆุชู†ุฒุงู†ูŠุงุŒ ุญุชู‰ ุฃูู‚ุฑ
10:40
community was able to use these tools
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ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุนุงุช ูƒุงู† ู‚ุงุฏุฑุงู‹ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุฏูˆุงุช
10:43
to voice its aspirations.
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ู„ู„ุชุนุจูŠุฑ ุนู† ุทู…ูˆุญุงุชู‡ุง.
10:46
This is what the map of Tandale looked like
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ู‡ูƒุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุชุจุฏูˆ ุฎุฑูŠุทุฉ ุชู†ุฏู„ุง
10:49
in August, 2011. But within a few weeks,
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ููŠ ุขุจ/ุฃุบุณุทุณุŒ 2011. ูˆู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุบุถูˆู† ุฃุณุงุจูŠุน ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉุŒ
10:53
university students were able to use mobile phones
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ุทู„ุงุจ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ู‚ุงุฏุฑูŠู† ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุชู ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงู„ุฉ
10:58
and an open-source platform to dramatically map
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ูˆู…ู†ุตุฉ ู…ูุชูˆุญุฉ ุงู„ู…ุตุฏุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ุฎุฑูŠุทุฉ ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุจูŠุฑ
11:02
the entire community infrastructure.
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ุงู„ุจู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุญุชูŠุฉ ู„ู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุน ุจุฃุณุฑู‡.
11:06
And what is very exciting is that citizens were then
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ูˆู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ู…ุซูŠุฑ ุฌุฏุงู‹ ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุทู†ูŠู† ุฃุตุจุญูˆุง ุญูŠู†ู‡ุง
11:10
able to give feedback as to which health or water points
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ู‚ุงุฏุฑูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุฅุนุทุงุก ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุชู‡ู… ุจุดุฃู† ู†ู‚ุงุท ุงู„ุตุญุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡
11:15
were not working, aggregated
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ู„ุง ุชุนู…ู„ุŒ ูˆุชุฌู…ูŠุนู‡ุง
11:18
in the red bubbles that you see,
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ููŠ ุงู„ูู‚ุงุนุงุช ุงู„ุญู…ุฑุงุก ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุฑูˆู†ู‡ุงุŒ
11:21
which together provides a graphic visual
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ูˆูุฑุช ู…ุนุง ุฑุณู…ุง ุจุตุฑูŠุง
11:25
of the collective voices of the poor.
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ู„ุฃุตูˆุงุช ุงู„ูู‚ุฑุงุก ุงู„ุชุฌู…ูŠุนูŠุฉ.
11:30
Today, even Bihar is turning around and opening up
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ุงู„ูŠูˆู…ุŒ ุญุชู‰ ุจูŠู‡ุงุฑ ุชุฏูˆุฑ ูˆุชุชูุชุญ
11:35
under a committed leadership that is making government
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ุชุญุช ู‚ูŠุงุฏุฉ ู…ู„ุชุฒู…ุฉ ุชุดูƒู„ ุญูƒูˆู…ุฉ
11:38
transparent, accessible and responsive to the poor.
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ุดูุงูุฉ ูˆู…ุชุงุญุฉ ูˆุชุณุชุฌูŠุจ ู„ู„ูู‚ุฑุงุก.
11:44
But, you know, in many parts of the world,
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ู„ูƒู†ุŒ ูƒู…ุง ุชุนู„ู…ูˆู†ุŒ ููŠ ุฃุฌุฒุงุก ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ุŒ
11:47
governments are not interested in opening up
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ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุงุช ู„ูŠุณุช ู…ู‡ุชู…ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุงู†ูุชุงุญ
11:50
or in serving the poor, and it is a real challenge
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ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุฎุฏู…ุฉ ุงู„ูู‚ุฑุงุกุŒ ูˆุฐู„ูƒ ุชุญุฏูŠ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ
11:55
for those who want to change the system.
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ู„ุฃูˆู„ุฆูƒ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠุฑูŠุฏูˆู† ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ุงู„ู†ุธุงู….
11:59
These are the lonely warriors
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ู‡ุค๏ปปุก ู‡ู… ุงู„ู…ุญุงุฑุจูˆู† ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏูˆู†
12:03
like my father and many, many others,
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ู…ุซู„ ูˆุงู„ุฏูŠ ูˆูƒุซูŠุฑูŠู† ูƒุซูŠุฑูŠู† ุบูŠุฑู‡ู…ุŒ
12:07
and a key frontier of development work
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ูˆุงู„ู…ูุชุงุญ ุงู„ุญุฏูˆุฏูŠ ู„ู„ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุฅู†ู…ุงุฆูŠ
12:10
is to help these lonely warriors join hands
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ู‡ูˆ ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ุงู„ู…ุญุงุฑุจูŠู† ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ุชูƒุงุชู
12:15
so they can together overcome the odds.
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ุญุชู‰ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู‡ู… ุงู„ุชุบู„ุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุตุนุงุจ ู…ุนุง.
12:18
So for instance, today, in Ghana, courageous reformers
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ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ุŒ ุงู„ูŠูˆู…ุŒ ููŠ ุบุงู†ุงุŒ ู…ุตู„ุญูŠู† ุดุฌุนุงู†
12:23
from civil society, Parliament and government,
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ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุน ุงู„ู…ุฏู†ูŠ ูˆุงู„ุจุฑู„ู…ุงู† ูˆุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุฉุŒ
12:26
have forged a coalition for transparent contracts
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ูˆู‚ุฏ ุฃู‚ุงู…ุช ุชุญุงู„ูุง ู„ู„ุนู‚ูˆุฏ ุงู„ุดูุงูุฉ
12:31
in the oil sector, and, galvanized by this,
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ููŠ ู‚ุทุงุน ุงู„ู†ูุทุŒ ู…ุฏููˆุนูŠู† ุจู‡ุฐุง
12:35
reformers in Parliament are now investigating dubious contracts.
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ู…ุตู„ุญูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฑู„ู…ุงู† ุงู„ุขู† ูŠุญู‚ู‚ูˆู† ุนู‚ูˆุฏุง ู…ุดูƒูˆูƒูŒ ููŠู‡ุง.
12:40
These examples give new hope, new possibility
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ุชุนุทูŠ ุฃู…ู„ุง ุฌุฏูŠุฏุงู‹ุŒ ูˆุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูŠุงุช ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ
12:45
to the problems I witnessed in Uganda
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ู„ู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุดู‡ุฏุช ููŠ ุฃูˆุบู†ุฏุง
12:48
or that my father confronted in Bihar.
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ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูˆุงุฌู‡ู‡ุง ูˆุงู„ุฏูŠ ููŠ ุจูŠู‡ุงุฑ.
12:53
Two years ago, on April 8th, 2010, I called my father.
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ู‚ุจู„ ุนุงู…ูŠู†ุŒ ููŠ 8 ุฃุจุฑูŠู„ 2010ุŒ ุงุชุตู„ุช ุจูˆุงู„ุฏูŠ.
13:00
It was very late at night, and at age 80,
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ูƒุงู† ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ู…ุชุฃุฎุฑ ุฌุฏุงู‹ ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠู„ุŒ ูˆููŠ ุณู† ุงู„ 80ุŒ
13:06
he was typing a 70-page public interest litigation
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ูƒุงู† ูŠูƒุชุจ ุชุฑุงูุน ุฏุนูˆู‰ ู…ุตู„ุญุฉ ุนุงู…ุฉ ู…ู† 70 ุตูุญุฉ
13:11
against corruption in a road project.
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ุถุฏ ุงู„ูุณุงุฏ ููŠ ู…ุดุฑูˆุน ุทุฑู‚.
13:14
Though he was no lawyer, he argued the case in court
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ูˆู‡ูˆ ู„ูŠุณ ุจู…ุญุงู…ุŒ ู‚ุงู… ุจู…ุญุงุฌู‘ุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุถูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุญูƒู…ุฉ
13:19
himself the next day. He won the ruling,
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ุจู†ูุณู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ. ูˆู‚ุฏ ูุงุฒ ุจุงู„ุญูƒู…ุŒ
13:23
but later that very evening,
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ููŠ ูˆู‚ุช ู„ุงุญู‚ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุกุŒ
13:25
he fell, and he died.
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ุณู‚ุทุŒ ูˆูุงุฑู‚ ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ.
13:30
He fought till the end, increasingly passionate
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ุญุงุฑุจ ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉุŒ ุจุนุงุทูุฉ ุฌูŠุงุดุฉ
13:35
that to combat corruption and poverty,
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ููŠ ู…ูƒุงูุญุฉ ุงู„ูุณุงุฏ ูˆุงู„ูู‚ุฑุŒ
13:39
not only did government officials need to be honest,
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๏ปป ูŠู„ุฒู… ูู‚ุท ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ูˆู† ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ูŠูˆู† ุตุงุฏู‚ูŠู†ุŒ
13:43
but citizens needed to join together
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ูŠุฌุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุทู†ูŠู† ุฃู† ูŠุณุงู†ุฏูˆุง ุจุนุถู‡ู…
13:46
to make their voices heard.
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ู„ุฌุนู„ ุฃุตูˆุงุชู‡ู… ู…ุณู…ูˆุนุฉ.
13:49
These became the two bookends of his life,
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ุฃุตุจุญุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุญุฏูˆุฏู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ
13:54
and the journey he traveled in between
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ูˆุงู„ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุณุงูุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุจูŠู† ุฐู„ูƒ
13:56
mirrored the changing development landscape.
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ุนูƒุณุช ุงู„ุชุบูŠุฑ ููŠ ู…ุดู‡ุฏ ุงู„ุชุทูˆุฑ
14:01
Today, I'm inspired by these changes, and I'm excited
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ุงู„ูŠูˆู…ุŒ ูˆุฃุณุชู…ุฏ ุฅู„ู‡ุงู…ูŠ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชุบูŠูŠุฑุงุชุŒ ูˆุฃู†ุง ู…ุชุญู…ุณ
14:06
that at the World Bank, we are embracing
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ุฃู†ู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุจู†ูƒ ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ูŠุŒ ูˆู†ุนุชู†ู‚
14:09
these new directions, a significant departure
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ุงุช ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉุŒ ูุงุฑู‚ ูƒุจูŠุฑ
14:12
from my work in Uganda 20 years ago.
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ุนู† ุนู…ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุฃูˆุบู†ุฏุง ู‚ุจู„ 20 ุนุงู…ุงู‹.
14:16
We need to radically open up development
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ูˆู†ุญู† ุจุญุงุฌุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงู†ูุชุงุญ ุฌุฐุฑูŠุง ููŠ ุงู„ุชู†ู…ูŠุฉ
14:20
so knowledge flows in multiple directions,
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ุญุชู‰ ุชุชุฏูู‚ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ุงุช ู…ุชุนุฏุฏุฉุŒ
14:22
inspiring practitioners, so aid becomes transparent,
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ูุชูู„ู‡ูู… ุงู„ู…ู…ุงุฑุณูŠู†ุŒ ูˆุชุตุจุญ ุงู„ู…ุนูˆู†ุงุช ุดูุงูุฉุŒ
14:27
accountable and effective, so governments open up
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ู…ุณุคูˆู„ุฉ ูˆูุนุงู„ุฉุŒ ุญูŠู†ู‡ุง ุชูุชุญ ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุงุช
14:31
and citizens are engaged and empowered
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ูˆุงู„ู…ูˆุงุทู†ูŠู† ูŠุดุงุฑูƒูˆู† ูˆูŠูู…ูƒู†ู†ูˆู†
14:35
with reformers in government.
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ููŠ ุงู„ุฅุตู„ุงุญุงุช ู…ุน ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุฉ.
14:37
We need to accelerate these shifts.
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ู†ุญู† ุจุญุงุฌุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุชุนุฌูŠู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชุญูˆู„ุงุช.
14:40
If we do, we will find that the collective voices
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ูˆุฅุฐุง ูุนู„ู†ุง ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ุณูˆู ู†ุฌุฏ ุฃู† ุงู„ุฃุตูˆุงุช ุงู„ุฌู…ุงุนูŠุฉ
14:45
of the poor will be heard in Bihar,
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ู„ู„ูู‚ุฑุงุก ููŠ ูˆู„ุงูŠุฉ ุจูŠู‡ุงุฑ ู…ุณู…ูˆุนุฉุŒ
14:50
in Uganda, and beyond.
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ููŠ ุฃูˆุบู†ุฏุงุŒ ูˆุฃุจุนุฏ ู…ู† ุฐู„ูƒ.
14:52
We will find that textbooks and teachers
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ูˆุณูˆู ู†ุฌุฏ ุฃู† ุงู„ูƒุชุจ ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณูŠู†
14:56
will show up in schools for their children.
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ุณูˆู ูŠุธู‡ุฑูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ู„ุฃุทูุงู„ู‡ู….
14:59
We will find that these children, too,
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ุฃู†ู†ุง ุณูˆู ู†ุฌุฏ ุฃู† ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ุŒ ุฃูŠุถุงุŒ
15:03
have a real chance of breaking their way out of poverty.
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ู„ู‡ู… ูุฑุตุฉ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉ ููŠ ูƒุณุฑ ุทุฑูŠู‚ู‡ู… ู†ุญูˆ ุงู„ุฎุฑูˆุฌ ู…ู† ุงู„ูู‚ุฑ.
15:09
Thank you. (Applause)
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ุดูƒุฑุง. (ุชุตููŠู‚)
15:12
(Applause)
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(ุชุตููŠู‚)
ุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน

ุณูŠู‚ุฏู… ู„ูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ู…ู‚ุงุทุน ููŠุฏูŠูˆ YouTube ุงู„ู…ููŠุฏุฉ ู„ุชุนู„ู… ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ. ุณุชุฑู‰ ุฏุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุชู… ุชุฏุฑูŠุณู‡ุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุฏุฑุณูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…. ุงู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆุถุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุตูุญุฉ ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ. ูŠุชู… ุชู…ุฑูŠุฑ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุงุช ุจุงู„ุชุฒุงู…ู† ู…ุน ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ. ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุฃูŠ ุชุนู„ูŠู‚ุงุช ุฃูˆ ุทู„ุจุงุช ุŒ ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ุจู†ุง ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7