Sanjay Pradhan: How open data is changing international aid

29,130 views ใƒป 2012-10-30

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast
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๋ฒˆ์—ญ: K Bang ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jonghoon JANG
00:15
I grew up in Bihar, India's poorest state,
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์ €๋Š” ์ธ๋„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ์ธ ๋น„ํ•˜๋ฅด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์ž๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:20
and I remember when I was six years old,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ 6์‚ด์ด์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ,
00:24
I remember coming home one day to find a cart
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์–ด๋Š ๋‚  ์ง‘์— ์™”๋”๋‹ˆ ์ง‘ ์•ž ํ˜„๊ด€์— ๋ง›์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹จ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด
00:27
full of the most delicious sweets at our doorstep.
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์†์ˆ˜๋ ˆ ๊ฐ€๋“ ์ˆ˜๋ถํžˆ ์Œ“์—ฌ ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
00:33
My brothers and I dug in,
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์ €๋Š” ๋™์ƒ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ทธ ์•ˆ์— ๋›ฐ์–ด ๋“ค์—ˆ์ฃ ,
00:36
and that's when my father came home.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋‚ ์€ ์ €ํฌ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๊ฐ€ ์˜ค์‹œ๋Š” ๋‚ ์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
00:40
He was livid, and I still remember how we cried
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์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋Š” ๋ชน์‹œ ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์…จ๊ณ 
00:45
when that cart with our half-eaten sweets
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๋ฐ˜์ฏค ๋จน์–ด์น˜์šด ๊ณผ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋“  ์ˆ˜๋ ˆ๋ฅผ ๋นผ์•—๊ธฐ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ
00:49
was pulled away from us.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์šธ์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์ง€๊ธˆ๋„ ๊ธฐ์–ต์ด ๋‚˜์š”.
00:52
Later, I understood why my father got so upset.
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๋‚˜์ค‘์—์•ผ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๊ฐ€ ์™œ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์…จ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
00:57
Those sweets were a bribe
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๊ทธ ๊ณผ์ž๋Š” ์ €ํฌ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ •๋ถ€ ๊ณ„์•ฝ์„ ๋”ฐ๋‚ด๋ ค๋Š”
01:00
from a contractor who was trying to get my father
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๊ณ„์•ฝ ๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž๋“ค์ด ๋ณด๋‚ด์˜จ
01:04
to award him a government contract.
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๋‡Œ๋ฌผ์ด์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
01:07
My father was responsible for building roads in Bihar,
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์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋Š” ๋น„ํ•˜๋ฅด์— ๋„๋กœ๋ฅผ ๊ฑด์„คํ•˜๋Š” ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ๋งก๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ 
01:12
and he had developed a firm stance against corruption,
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๋ถ€ํŒจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์™„๊ณ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‘๊ณ  ๊ณ„์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:17
even though he was harassed and threatened.
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์ข…์ข… ๊ดด๋กญํž˜์„ ๋‹นํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์œ„ํ˜‘์„ ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋„์š”.
01:21
His was a lonely struggle, because Bihar
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๊ทธ ๋ถ„์€ ์™ธ๋กœ์šด ํˆฌ์Ÿ์„ ํ•˜์…จ๋˜๊ฑด๋ฐ, ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฐ”ํžˆ๋ฅด๋Š”
01:24
was also India's most corrupt state,
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๋˜ํ•œ ์ธ๋„์—์„œ ๋ถ€ํŒจ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์‹ฌํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ์ด์—ˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
01:28
where public officials were enriching themselves,
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๊ทธ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋“ค์€ ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ๊ตถ์ฃผ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
01:31
[rather] than serving the poor who had no means
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ํ•™๊ต์— ๊ฐˆ ๋ˆ์ด ์—†์–ด๋„ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ณ ํ†ต์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ์กฐ์ฐจ์—†๋Š”
01:36
to express their anguish if their children
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๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ผํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
01:40
had no food or no schooling.
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์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
01:43
And I experienced this most viscerally
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์ €๋Š” ๋นˆ๊ณค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Ÿฌ ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ๋งˆ์„์„ ์—ฌํ–‰ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ,
01:48
when I traveled to remote villages to study poverty.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ง๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“  ์‹ฌ์ •์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•ด ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:54
And as I went village to village,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์„์—์„œ ๋งˆ์„๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ๋‹ค๋‹ ๋•Œ,
01:58
I remember one day, when I was famished and exhausted,
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์–ด๋Š ๋‚ ์ธ๊ฐ€ ๋ชน์‹œ ๋ฐฐ๊ณ ํ”„๊ณ  ์ง€์ณ์žˆ๋˜ ๋‚ 
02:04
and I was almost collapsing
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์ €๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฑธ ํƒœ์šธ ๋“ฏํ•œ ๋”์œ„ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
02:07
in a scorching heat under a tree,
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๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋‚˜๋ฌด ๋ฐ‘์— ์“ฐ๋Ÿฌ์งˆ ์ง€๊ฒฝ์ด์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
02:10
and just at that time, one of the poorest men in that village
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ ๋•Œ ๊ทธ ๋งˆ์„์˜ ๋ชน์‹œ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด
02:16
invited me into his hut and graciously fed me.
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๋งˆ์Œ์”จ ์ข‹๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ €๋ฅผ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์˜ค๋‘๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ๋ ค๊ฐ€ ์Œ์‹์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
02:22
Only I later realized that what he fed me
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์ €๋Š” ๋‚˜์ค‘์—์•ผ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ๋จน์—ฌ์ค€ ์Œ์‹์ด
02:26
was food for his entire family for two days.
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๊ทธ์˜ ๊ฐ€์กฑ ์ „์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์ดํ‹€๋™์•ˆ ๋จน์„ ์Œ์‹์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:32
This profound gift of generosity
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๊ทธ ๊นŠ์€ ๋„ˆ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์›€์—์„œ ์šฐ๋Ÿฌ๋‚œ ์„ ๋ฌผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด
02:36
challenged and changed the very purpose of my life.
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์ €๋Š” ์ธ์ƒ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ  ์†ก๋‘๋ฆฌ์งธ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ” ๋ฒ„๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:42
I resolved to give back.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ์— ๋ณด๋‹ตํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์‹ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:46
Later, I joined the World Bank, which sought to fight
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ํ›„์— ์ €๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„์€ํ–‰์— ์ž…์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด ๊ธฐ๊ด€์€ ๋ถ€์œ ํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
02:50
such poverty by transferring aid from rich to poor countries.
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๋นˆ๊ณคํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋กœ ๋„์›€์˜ ์†๊ธธ์„ ์คŒ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋นˆ๊ณค์„ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์น˜๋ ค๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
02:56
My initial work focused on Uganda, where I focused
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์ €์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์ž„๋ฌด๋Š” ์šฐ๊ฐ„๋‹ค์— ์ง‘์ค‘๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์ €๋Š”
03:01
on negotiating reforms with the Finance Ministry of Uganda
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์šฐ๊ฐ„๋‹ค์˜ ์žฌ์ •๋ถ€์™€ ๊ฐœํ˜์„ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:05
so they could access our loans.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋Œ€์ถœ์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฑฐ์˜€์–ด์š”.
03:08
But after we disbursed the loans, I remember
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๋Œ€์ถœ๊ธˆ์„ ์ง€๊ธˆํ•œ ํ›„์—, ์ €๋Š” ์šฐ๊ฐ„๋‹ค๋ฅผ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ ๋ณผ ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
03:11
a trip in Uganda where I found newly built schools
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์ƒˆ๋กœ ์ง€์€ ํ•™๊ต์—๋Š”
03:16
without textbooks or teachers,
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๊ต๊ณผ์„œ๋„ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋„ ์—†๊ณ ,
03:18
new health clinics without drugs,
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๋ณด๊ฑด์†Œ์—๋Š” ์•ฝ๋„ ์—†์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
03:21
and the poor once again without any voice or recourse.
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๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด์ง€๋„ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜์ง€๋„ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
03:27
It was Bihar all over again.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋น„ํ•˜๋ฅด ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
03:31
Bihar represents the challenge of development:
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๋น„ํ•˜๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋„์ „์˜ ํ‘œ์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:35
abject poverty surrounded by corruption.
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๊ทน๋„๋กœ ๋น„์ฐธํ•œ ๋นˆ๊ณค์— ๋ถ€ํŒจ๊ฐ€ ๋‚œ๋ฌดํ–ˆ์ฃ .
03:38
Globally, 1.3 billion people live on less than
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ, 13์–ต์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋ฃจ์— 1.25๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ(1,500์›)๋„
03:43
$1.25 a day, and the work I did in Uganda
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์•ˆ๋˜๋Š” ๋ˆ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๊ฐ„๋‹ค์—์„œ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ผ์€
03:47
represents the traditional approach to these problems
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1944๋…„ ์ด๋ž˜ ์ด์–ด์ง„ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
03:52
that has been practiced since 1944,
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์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
03:57
when winners of World War II, 500 founding fathers,
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๊ทธ ํ•ด์— 2์ฐจ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋Œ€์ „์˜ ์Šน์ „๊ตญ์˜ 500 ๋ช…์˜ ๋ฐœ๊ธฐ์ธ๊ณผ
04:02
and one lonely founding mother,
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ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์—ฌ์„ฑ ์„ค๋ฆฝ์ž๊ฐ€
04:06
gathered in New Hampshire, USA,
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋‰ดํ–„ํ”„์…”์— ๋ชจ์—ฌ
04:08
to establish the Bretton Woods institutions,
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๋ธŒ๋ ˆํŠผ ์šฐ์ฆˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ์™€
04:11
including the World Bank.
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ์€ํ–‰์„ ์„ค๋ฆฝํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:13
And that traditional approach to development
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๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ํ–ฅํ•œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ์ ‘๊ทผ ๋ฐฉ์‹์—๋Š” ์„ธ๊ฐ€์ง€
04:16
had three key elements. First, transfer of resources
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์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ฒซ์งธ๋Š” ์ž์›์˜ ์ด๋™์ด์ฃ .
04:20
from rich countries in the North
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๋ถ๋ฐ˜๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ถ€์œ ํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ
04:22
to poorer countries in the South,
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๋‚จ๋ฐ˜๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋กœ์˜ ์ด๋™์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:24
accompanied by reform prescriptions.
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๊ฐœํ˜์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ๋„ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:27
Second, the development institutions that channeled
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๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ž์›์˜ ํ๋ฆ„์„ ๊ด€์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€
04:31
these transfers were opaque, with little transparency
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋ถˆํˆฌ๋ช…ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ง€์›๋ฐ›์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ๋ฐ›์•„
04:35
of what they financed or what results they achieved.
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์ด๋ฃจ์–ด๋‚ธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ์ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†์—ˆ๋˜๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
04:39
And third, the engagement in developing countries
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์„ธ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ์—์„œ ์‹œํ–‰ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์€
04:43
was with a narrow set of government elites
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๊ทนํžˆ ์ผ๋ถ€์˜ ์ •๋ถ€ ์—˜๋ฆฌํŠธ๋“ค๋กœ์จ
04:46
with little interaction with the citizens, who are
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์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค๊ณผ์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ฑ์ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
04:50
the ultimate beneficiaries of development assistance.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์›์กฐ์˜ ๊ถ๊ตญ์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜ํ˜œ์ž๋“ค์ด์–ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ๋„ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
04:54
Today, each of these elements is opening up
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ , ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์š”์†Œ๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ์˜ํ•ด
04:58
due to dramatic changes in the global environment.
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๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฒช์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ๊ณต๊ฐœ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:02
Open knowledge, open aid, open governance,
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๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ๋œ ์ง€์‹, ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ๋œ ์›์กฐ., ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ๋œ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋ฐฉ์‹
05:05
and together, they represent three key shifts
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์—์„œ ๋™์‹œ์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ 3๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ด๋ค„
05:09
that are transforming development
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๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ์ด๋Œ์–ด๋‚ด๊ณ 
05:12
and that also hold greater hope for the problems
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๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ํฌ๋ง์ด ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
05:16
I witnessed in Uganda and in Bihar.
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์ €๋Š” ์šฐ๊ฐ„๋‹ค์™€ ๋น„ํ•˜๋ฅด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ฆ์–ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:20
The first key shift is open knowledge.
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์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ์š”์†Œ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ๋œ ์ง€์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:23
You know, developing countries today will not simply
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด๋‚˜ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ, ์„ธ๊ณ„์€ํ–‰์ด
05:27
accept solutions that are handed down to them
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๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ํ•ด๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๋ ค๊ณ ๋งŒ
05:30
by the U.S., Europe or the World Bank.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:34
They get their inspiration, their hope,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ์˜๊ฐ๊ณผ ํฌ๋ง,
05:37
their practical know-how,
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๋‚จ๋ฐ˜๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์–ป์–ด๋‚ธ
05:39
from successful emerging economies in the South.
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์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ์‹ค์šฉ์ ์ธ ๋…ธํ•˜์šฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
05:43
They want to know how China lifted 500 million people
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ค‘๊ตญ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ 30๋…„๋งŒ์—
05:47
out of poverty in 30 years,
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5์–ต์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋‚œ์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€,
05:51
how Mexico's Oportunidades program
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๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ”์˜ "๊ธฐํšŒ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ"์ด ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋“ค์˜
05:54
improved schooling and nutrition for millions of children.
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ํ•™๊ต์™€ ์˜์–‘ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋Œ์–ด ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:59
This is the new ecosystem of open-knowledge flows,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ๋œ ์ง€์‹์˜ ํ๋ฆ„์ด ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜จ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„์ง€์š”.
06:04
not just traveling North to South, but South to South,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ’์กฐ๋Š” ๊ทธ์ € ๋ถ๋ฐ˜๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋‚จ๋ฐ˜๊ตฌ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋‚จ๋ฐ˜๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋‚จ๋ฐ˜๊ตฌ๋กœ
06:09
and even South to North,
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๋‚จ์ชฝ์—์„œ ๋ถ๋ฐ˜๊ตฌ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:12
with Mexico's Oportunidades today inspiring New York City.
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"๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ”์˜ ๊ธฐํšŒ"๋ผ๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ์ง€๊ธˆ์˜ ๋‰ด์š•์— ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ์š”.
06:17
And just as these North-to-South transfers are opening up,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ถ์ชฝ์—์„œ ๋‚จ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™์ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ๋จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ
06:21
so too are the development institutions
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ๋ฆ„์„ ๊ด€์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ๋„
06:24
that channeled these transfers.
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๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ถ”์„ธ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:27
This is the second shift: open aid.
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๋‹ค์Œ์€ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ณ€ํ™”์—์š”: ๊ณต๊ฐœ์ ์ธ ์ง€์›์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:30
Recently, the World Bank opened its vault of data
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์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์„ธ๊ณ„์€ํ–‰์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋น„๋ฐ€ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ
06:34
for public use, releasing 8,000 economic and social indicators
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๊ณต๊ณต์ ์ธ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๋‚œ 50์—ฌ๋…„๊ฐ„ 200์—ฌ๊ฐœ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜
06:39
for 200 countries over 50 years,
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์•ฝ 8์ฒœ๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ , ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ง€ํ‘œ๋“ค์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:43
and it launched a global competition to crowdsource
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ํ˜์‹ ์ ์ธ ํฌ๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ์†Œ์Šค ์•ฑ์˜
06:47
innovative apps using this data.
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์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์„ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ ์ผ์œผ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:51
Development institutions today are also opening
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
06:54
for public scrutiny the projects they finance.
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์ž์‹ ๋“ค์ด ์žฌ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณต์  ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
06:58
Take GeoMapping. In this map from Kenya,
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์ง€๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์‹ค๊นŒ์š”. ์ด ์ผ€๋ƒ์˜ ์ง€๋„์—์„œ
07:02
the red dots show where all the schools financed by donors
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๋ถ‰์€ ์ ์€ ๊ธฐ์ฆ๋ฐ›์€ ์žฌ์›์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์€ ํ•™๊ต๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด๊ตฌ์š”,
07:07
are located, and the darker the shade of green,
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์–ด๋‘์šด ํšŒ์ƒ‰์ง€์—ญ์€ ํ•™๊ต์— ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด
07:11
the more the number of out-of-school children.
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ง€์—ญ์ด ํ‘œ์‹œ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:14
So this simple mashup reveals that donors
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์ด ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๋น„๊ต ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ฆ์ž๋“ค์ด
07:18
have not financed any schools in the areas
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ํ•™๊ต์— ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ๋งŽ์€ ์ง€์—ญ์—๋Š”
07:21
with the most out-of-school children,
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์ง€์›์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:23
provoking new questions. Is development assistance
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์˜๋ฌธ์„ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ . ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ง€์›์ด
07:27
targeting those who most need our help?
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์ •๋ง๋กœ ๋„์›€์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€? ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:32
In this manner, the World Bank has now GeoMapped
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์„ธ๊ณ„์€ํ–‰์€ 143๊ฐœ๊ตญ์—์„œ
07:35
30,000 project activities in 143 countries,
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3๋งŒ๊ฐœ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€๋„(GeoMap)๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:40
and donors are using a common platform
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์ฆ์ž๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์ด ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์„ ์ง€๋„ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
07:43
to map all their projects.
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
07:46
This is a tremendous leap forward in transparency
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ง€์›์˜ ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ํ–ฅํ•œ
07:51
and accountability of aid.
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๋†€๋ผ์šด ๋„์•ฝ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:54
And this leads me to the third, and in my view,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฐ ์„ธ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง€๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
07:57
the most significant shift in development:
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์ œ ๊ฒฌํ•ด๋กœ๋Š”, ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์— ์žˆ์–ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
08:00
open governance. Governments today are opening up
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ๋œ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์ •๋ถ€๋“ค๋„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ๋˜์–ด ๊ฐ€๋Š”๋ฐ
08:04
just as citizens are demanding voice and accountability.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐœ์–ธ๊ถŒ๊ณผ ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ถค๋ฅผ ๊ฐ™์ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:08
From the Arab Spring to the Anna Hazare movement in India,
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์•„๋ž์˜ ๋ด„์—์„œ ์ธ๋„์˜ ์•ˆ๋‚˜ ์•„์ž๋ฅด ์šด๋™๊นŒ์ง€
08:12
using mobile phones and social media
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ํ•ธ๋“œํฐ๊ณผ ๋ฌธ์ž ๋ฉ”์„ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์„œ
08:15
not just for political accountability
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๋‹จ์ง€ ์ •์น˜์ ์ธ ์ฑ…๋ฌด์„ฑ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
08:18
but also for development accountability.
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๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ๋ฌป์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:22
Are governments delivering services to the citizens?
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ์‹œ๋ฏผ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ด‰์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
08:26
So for instance, several governments in Africa
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ๋‚˜๋ผ์™€
08:30
and Eastern Europe are opening their budgets to the public.
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๋™๊ตฌ๊ถŒ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€์ค‘์—๊ฒŒ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์„ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:35
But, you know, there is a big difference between a budget
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ณต๊ณต ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ
08:39
that's public and a budget that's accessible.
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์‚ฌ์ด์—๋Š” ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
08:43
This is a public budget. (Laughter)
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์ด๊ฑด ๊ณต๊ณต ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (์›ƒ์Œ)
08:48
And as you can see, it's not really accessible
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๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์žฌ์›์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”์ง€
08:51
or understandable to an ordinary citizen
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์•Œ๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š”
08:54
that is trying to understand how the government is spending its resources.
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์•Œ๋ ค์ง€์ง€๋„ ์•Š๊ณ  ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด์ฃ .
08:59
To tackle this problem, governments are using new tools
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์—์„œ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„
09:03
to visualize the budget so it's more understandable
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์‹œ๊ฐํ™”ํ•ด์„œ ๋Œ€์ค‘์ด ๋ณด๋‹ค ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก
09:07
to the public.
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ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:09
In this map from Moldova, the green color shows
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๋ชฐ๋„๋ฐ”์˜ ์ด ์ง€๋„์—์„œ ๋…น์ƒ‰ ์ง€์—ญ์€ ํ•™๊ต ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์€ ์ ์ง€๋งŒ
09:13
those districts that have low spending on schools
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๊ต์œก ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์€ ์ง€์—ญ์„
09:17
but good educational outcomes,
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ํ‘œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ 
09:20
and the red color shows the opposite.
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๋ถ‰์€์ƒ‰ ์ง€์—ญ์€ ๊ทธ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ฅผ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:23
Tools like this help turn a shelf full of inscrutable documents
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋„๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ•ด๋… ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ˆ˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฌธ์„œ๋ฅผ
09:30
into a publicly understandable visual,
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๋Œ€์ค‘๋“ค์ด ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ์ ์ธ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:33
and what's exciting is that with this openness,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•ด์„œ ๋” ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
09:37
there are today new opportunities for citizens
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ํ”ผ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ 
09:41
to give feedback and engage with government.
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์ •๋ถ€์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:44
So in the Philippines today, parents and students
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ํ•„๋ฆฌํ•€์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•™๋ถ€๋ชจ์™€ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์›น์ƒ์—์„œ
09:49
can give real-time feedback on a website,
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์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๋‚ด๋†“์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
09:53
Checkmyschool.org, or using SMS, whether teachers
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Checkmyschool.org ๋‚˜ ๋ฌธ์ž ๋ฉ”์„ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
09:58
and textbooks are showing up in school,
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ํ•™๊ต์— ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ๋Š” ์ œ๊ณต๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋“ฑ์˜
10:01
the same problems I witnessed in Uganda and in Bihar.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๊ฐ„๋‹ค๋‚˜ ๋ฐ”ํžˆ๋ฅด์—์„œ ๋ชฉ๊ฒฉํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:06
And the government is responsive. So for instance,
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์ •๋ถ€์ชฝ์—์„œ๋„ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๋ณด์ด์ง€์š”. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด,
10:08
when it was reported on this website that 800 students
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์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์— ๋ถ€์ฑ„๋กœ ์ธํ•ด์„œ ํ•™๊ต์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋Šฆ์–ด์ง€๋ฉด์„œ
10:13
were at risk because school repairs had stalled
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800๋ช…์˜ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ๋Š๋ผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
10:17
due to corruption, the Department of Education
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ํ•„๋ฆฌํ•€ ๊ต์œก๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ
10:20
in the Philippines took swift action.
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ํ–‰๋™์„ ์ทจํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:23
And you know what's exciting is that this innovation
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๋˜ํ•œ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ˜์‹ ์ด
10:26
is now spreading South to South, from the Philippines
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๋‚จ๋ฐ˜๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋‚จ๋ฐ˜๊ตฌ๋กœ ํผ์ ธ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:31
to Indonesia, Kenya, Moldova and beyond.
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ํ•„๋ฆฌํ•€์—์„œ ์ธ๋„๋„ค์‹œ์•„, ์ผ€๋ƒ, ๋ชฐ๋„๋ฐ”๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ง€์š”.
10:35
In Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, even an impoverished
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ํƒ„์ž๋‹ˆ์•„์˜ ๋‹ค๋ ˆ์Šค ์‚ด๋žŒ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋นˆ๊ณคํ•œ ๋™๋„ค์—์„œ๋„
10:40
community was able to use these tools
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
10:43
to voice its aspirations.
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์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ์—ด๋ง ์–ด๋ฆฐ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:46
This is what the map of Tandale looked like
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์ด ์ง€๋„๋Š” 2011๋…„ 8์›” ํƒ„์ž๋‹ˆ์•„๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋• ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:49
in August, 2011. But within a few weeks,
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๋ช‡ ์ฃผ ๋งŒ์—
10:53
university students were able to use mobile phones
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๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ํ•ธ๋“œํฐ๊ณผ ์˜คํ”ˆ ์†Œ์Šค ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
10:58
and an open-source platform to dramatically map
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์ „์ฒด ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์‹œ์„ค์„
11:02
the entire community infrastructure.
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๋ฉ‹์ง€๊ฒŒ ์ง€๋„ํ™” ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:06
And what is very exciting is that citizens were then
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๋˜ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ ํ›„ ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์ด
11:10
able to give feedback as to which health or water points
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๋ณด๊ฑด์ด๋‚˜ ์ƒ์ˆ˜๋„๊ฐ€ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ
11:15
were not working, aggregated
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๋ณด๋‚ด๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ์—ฌ์„œ
11:18
in the red bubbles that you see,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๋ถ‰์€ ์›์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
11:21
which together provides a graphic visual
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์ง‘๋‹จ์  ์˜๊ฒฌ์„
11:25
of the collective voices of the poor.
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์‹œ๊ฐํ™”ํ•ด๋‚ธ ์ž๋ฃŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:30
Today, even Bihar is turning around and opening up
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์—๋Š” ๋น„ํ•˜๋ฅด์กฐ์ฐจ๋„ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์–ด
11:35
under a committed leadership that is making government
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ํ—Œ์‹ ์  ์ง€๋„์ž ์•„๋ž˜, ๊ณต๊ณต ๊ธฐ๊ด€์„ ํˆฌ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ 
11:38
transparent, accessible and responsive to the poor.
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๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ์—ด๋ ค์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ด€์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:44
But, you know, in many parts of the world,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ, ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋„์ฒ˜์—์„œ
11:47
governments are not interested in opening up
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
11:50
or in serving the poor, and it is a real challenge
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๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ์ผ์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”๋ณด๋ ค๋Š”
11:55
for those who want to change the system.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์‹œ๋ จ์ด์ง€์š”.
11:59
These are the lonely warriors
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ œ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€์™€ ๊ฐ™์€
12:03
like my father and many, many others,
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์™ธ๋กœ์šด ํˆฌ์Ÿ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ
12:07
and a key frontier of development work
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๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์•ž์žฅ ์„  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
12:10
is to help these lonely warriors join hands
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์™ธ๋กœ์šด ํˆฌ์Ÿ๊ฐ€๋“ค๊ณผ ์†์žก๊ณ 
12:15
so they can together overcome the odds.
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์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:18
So for instance, today, in Ghana, courageous reformers
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๊ฐ€๋‚˜์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹œ๋ฏผ์‚ฌํšŒ์™€ ๊ตญํšŒ, ์ •๋ถ€์˜
12:23
from civil society, Parliament and government,
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์šฉ๊ธฐ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐœํ˜ํŒŒ๋“ค์ด
12:26
have forged a coalition for transparent contracts
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์›์œ  ์‚ฌ์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํˆฌ๋ช…ํ•œ ๊ณ„์•ฝ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์—ฐํ•ฉ์ฒด๋ฅผ
12:31
in the oil sector, and, galvanized by this,
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๊ตฌ์„ฑํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด์— ๊ณ ๋ฌด๋˜์–ด
12:35
reformers in Parliament are now investigating dubious contracts.
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๊ตญํšŒ ๊ฐœํ˜ํŒŒ๋Š” ์ด์ค‘ ๊ณ„์•ฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฒŒ์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
12:40
These examples give new hope, new possibility
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์˜ˆ๋“ค์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๊ฐ„๋‹ค์—์„œ ๋ชฉ๊ฒฉํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋‚˜
12:45
to the problems I witnessed in Uganda
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์ œ ๋ถ€์นœ์ด ๋น„ํ•˜๋ฅด์—์„œ ์ง๋ฉดํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
12:48
or that my father confronted in Bihar.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํฌ๋ง๊ณผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๋‹ค ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:53
Two years ago, on April 8th, 2010, I called my father.
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2๋…„์ „์ธ 2010๋…„ 4์›” 8์ผ, ์ €๋Š” ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๊ป˜ ์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:00
It was very late at night, and at age 80,
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๋งค์šฐ ๋Šฆ์€ ๋ฐค์ด์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๋“ ์‚ด ๋…ธ์ธ์€
13:06
he was typing a 70-page public interest litigation
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๋„๋กœ ๊ฑด์„ค๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ๋ถ€ํŒจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
13:11
against corruption in a road project.
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70์ชฝ์งœ๋ฆฌ ๊ณต๊ณต ์†Œ์†ก์žฅ์„ ํƒ€์ดํ•‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:14
Though he was no lawyer, he argued the case in court
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๋ณ€ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ์…จ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‚  ๋ฒ•์ •์—์„œ ์ด ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
13:19
himself the next day. He won the ruling,
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๋ณ€๋ก ํ•˜์…จ๊ณ  ํŒ๊ฒฐ์—์„œ ์ด๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:23
but later that very evening,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ๋‚  ์ €๋…
13:25
he fell, and he died.
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์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋Š” ์“ฐ๋Ÿฌ์ง€์…จ๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์œ ๋ช…์„ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ํ•˜์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:30
He fought till the end, increasingly passionate
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๊ทธ ๋ถ„์€ ๋๊นŒ์ง€ ์‹ธ์šฐ์…จ๊ณ , ๋ถ€ํŒจ์™€ ๊ฐ€๋‚œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
13:35
that to combat corruption and poverty,
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์ ์  ๋” ์—ด์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ธ์šฐ์…จ์–ด์š”.
13:39
not only did government officials need to be honest,
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์ •๋ถ€ ๊ด€๋ฃŒ๋„ ์ •์งํ•ด์ ธ์•ผ ํ•˜๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
13:43
but citizens needed to join together
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์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค๋„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜์—ฌ
13:46
to make their voices heard.
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๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:49
These became the two bookends of his life,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ์˜ ์ธ์ƒ์„ ์ง€ํƒฑํ•˜๋Š” ํž˜์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ 
13:54
and the journey he traveled in between
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๊ทธ ๋ถ„์ด ์ง€๋‚˜์˜จ ๊ธธ์€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์„
13:56
mirrored the changing development landscape.
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๋ฐ”๊พธ์–ด ๋‚ด๋Š”๋ฐ ํˆฌ์˜๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:01
Today, I'm inspired by these changes, and I'm excited
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์ €๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๊ณ ๋ฌด๋˜๋ฉฐ
14:06
that at the World Bank, we are embracing
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์„ธ๊ณ„์€ํ–‰์—์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ,
14:09
these new directions, a significant departure
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  20๋…„์ „ ์šฐ๊ฐ„๋‹ค์—์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ผ์ด
14:12
from my work in Uganda 20 years ago.
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ํ•„์š” ์—†์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์— ํฅ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฐ์ถœ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์–ด์š”.
14:16
We need to radically open up development
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ์ฒ ์ €ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:20
so knowledge flows in multiple directions,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ง€ํ˜œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ํผ์ ธ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ณ 
14:22
inspiring practitioners, so aid becomes transparent,
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ํ˜„์žฅ์šด๋™๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ๊ณ ๋ฌด๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์›์กฐ๋Š” ํˆฌ๋ช…ํ•ด์ง€๊ณ 
14:27
accountable and effective, so governments open up
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์ฑ…๋ฌด์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–์ถ”๋ฉฐ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:31
and citizens are engaged and empowered
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์•ผ ์ •๋ถ€๋„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค๋„ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ ,
14:35
with reformers in government.
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์ •๋ถ€ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐœํ˜ํŒŒ์—๊ฒŒ ํž˜์ด ์‹ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:37
We need to accelerate these shifts.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์†ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:40
If we do, we will find that the collective voices
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด, ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋„ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์ด๋“ค์˜ ์ง‘๋‹จ์ ์ธ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ
14:45
of the poor will be heard in Bihar,
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๋“ฃ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„ํ•˜๋ฅด์™€
14:50
in Uganda, and beyond.
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์šฐ๊ฐ„๋‹ค, ๊ทธ ๋ฐ–์— ์–ด๋””๋“ ์ง€์š”.
14:52
We will find that textbooks and teachers
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ํ•™๊ต์—๋Š” ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ์™€ ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€
14:56
will show up in schools for their children.
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๋Œ์•„์˜ฌ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:59
We will find that these children, too,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์ด ์•„์ด๋“ค๋„
15:03
have a real chance of breaking their way out of poverty.
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๊ฐ€๋‚œ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚  ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:09
Thank you. (Applause)
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
15:12
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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