Richard Baraniuk on open-source learning

104,036 views ใƒป 2007-01-12

TED


ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุฃุฏู†ุงู‡ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ.

ุงู„ู…ุชุฑุฌู…: Anwar Dafa-Alla ุงู„ู…ุฏู‚ู‘ู‚: Mahmoud Aghiorly
00:25
I'm Rich Baraniuk and what I'd like to talk a little bit about today
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ุฃู†ุง ุฑูŠุชุดุงุฑุฏ ุจุงุฑุงู†ูŠูƒ.
ูˆู…ุง ุฃุฑูŠุฏ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซ ุนู†ู‡ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุงู‹ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู‡ูˆ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃููƒุงุฑ
00:28
are some ideas that I think have just tremendous resonance
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู† ู„ู‡ุง ุตุฏู‰ ูƒุจูŠุฑ
00:31
with all the things that have been talked about the last two days.
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ู…ุน ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู… ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซ ุนู†ู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ูŠูˆู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠูŠู†.
00:35
So many different points of resonance
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ููŠ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉุŒ ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุท ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู„ู‡ุง ุตุฏู‰
00:37
that it's going to be difficult to bring them all up,
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ุณูŠุตุนุจ ุฌู…ุนู‡ุง ุณูˆูŠุงู‹ุŒ ู„ูƒู†ูŠ ุณุฃุญุงูˆู„ ุฃู‚ุตู‰ ู…ุง ุฃุณุชุทูŠุน.
00:39
but I'll try to do my best.
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ู‡ู„ ูŠุชุฐูƒุฑ ุฃูŠ ู…ู†ูƒู… ู‡ุฐู‡ุŸ
00:41
Does anybody remember these?
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00:42
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
00:44
OK, so these are LP records and they've been replaced, right?
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ุญุณู†ุงู‹ุŒ ุฅุฐุงู‹ ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุณุฌู„ุงุช ุงู„ูƒุชุจ ูˆู‚ุฏ ุชู… ุฅุญู„ุงู„ู‡ุงุŒ ุตุญูŠุญ.
00:50
They've been swept away over the last two decades
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ุชู… ุฅุณุชุจุนุงุฏู‡ุง ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุนู‚ุฏูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠูŠู†
00:53
by these types of world-flattening digitization technologies, right?
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ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ู…ู† ุชู‚ู†ูŠุงุช ุงู„ุชุณุทูŠุญ ุงู„ุฑู‚ู…ูŠุฉุŒ ุญุณู†ุงู‹.
00:57
And I think it was best witnessed
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ูˆุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ู„ุญูˆุธุฉ ุจุดุฏุฉ
01:00
when Thomas was playing the music as we came in the room today.
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูƒุงู† ุชูˆู…ุงุณ ูŠู„ุนุจ ุงู„ู…ูˆุณูŠู‚ู‰ ุฃุซู†ุงุก ูˆุตูˆู„ู†ุง ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ูŠูˆู….
01:04
What's happened in the music world is there's a culture,
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ู…ุง ุญุฏุซ ููŠ ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ู…ูˆุณูŠู‚ู‰ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุซู‚ุงูุฉ
01:07
or an ecosystem that's been created
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ุฃูˆ ู†ุธุงู… ุจูŠุฆูŠ ุชู… ุฅุณุชุญุฏุงุซู‡
01:08
that, if you take some words from Apple,
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ุจุญูŠุซุŒ ุฅู† ุฃุฎุฐุช ุจุนุถ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ู…ู† ุขุจู„ุŒ
01:11
the catchphrase -- that we create, rip, mix and burn.
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ูุฃู† ุงู„ู…ู‚ุทุน ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู†ุตู†ุนู‡ุŒ ู†ุฌู‡ุฒู‡ุŒ ู†ู…ุฒุฌู‡ ุซู… ู†ุญุฑู‚ู‡ (ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุต).
01:15
What I mean by that is that anyone in the world is free and allowed
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ู…ุง ุฃุนู†ูŠู‡ ุจุฐู„ูƒ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู† ุฃูŠ ุดุฎุต ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุญูุฑู‘
01:18
to create new music and musical ideas.
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ูˆู…ุณู…ูˆุญ ู„ู‡ ุจุตู†ุน ู…ูˆุณูŠู‚ู‰ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ูˆุฃููƒุงุฑ ู…ูˆุณูŠู‚ูŠุฉ.
01:21
Anyone in the world is allowed to rip or copy musical ideas,
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ู…ุณู…ูˆุญ ู„ูƒู„ ุดุฎุต ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุฃู† ูŠุฌู‡ู‘ุฒ ุฃูˆ ูŠู†ุณุฎ ุฃููƒุงุฑุงู‹ ู…ูˆุณูŠู‚ูŠุฉุŒ
01:24
use them in innovative ways.
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ูˆูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง ุจุทุฑู‚ ู…ุจุชูƒุฑุฉ.
01:26
Anyone is allowed to mix them in different types of ways,
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ู…ุณู…ูˆุญ ู„ูƒู„ ุดุฎุต ู…ุฒุฌู‡ุง ุจุดุชู‰ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุทุฑู‚ุŒ
01:29
draw connections between musical ideas,
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ูˆูŠุฑุณู… ูˆุตู„ุงุช ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฃููƒุงุฑ ุงู„ู…ูˆุณูŠู‚ูŠุฉ
01:31
and people can burn them or create final products and continue the circle.
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ูˆุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠู†ุณุฎูˆู†ู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู‚ุฑุงุต ุงู„ู„ูŠุฒุฑูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ูŠุตู†ุนูˆู† ู…ู†ุชุฌุงุช ู…ู†ู‡ุง ูˆุชุชูˆุงุตู„ ุงู„ุฏุงุฆุฑุฉ.
01:35
And what that's done is it's created, like I said,
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ูˆู…ุง ูุนู„ู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุฃู†ู‡ ุตู†ุนุŒ ู…ุซู„ู…ุง ู‚ู„ุชุŒ
ู…ุฌุชู…ุน ู†ุงุจุถ ุจุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ
01:38
a vibrant community that's very inclusive,
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01:40
with people continually working to connect musical ideas,
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ู…ู† ุฃู†ุงุณ ูŠุนู…ู„ูˆู† ุจุงุณุชู…ุฑุงุฑ ู„ุฑุจุท ุงู„ุฃููƒุงุฑ ุงู„ู…ูˆุณูŠู‚ูŠุฉุŒ
01:43
innovate them and keep things constantly up to date.
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ุฅุจุชูƒุงุฑู‡ุง ูˆุงู„ุฅุจู‚ุงุก ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ู…ูˆุงูƒุจุฉ ู…ุน ุงู„ุญุฏุซุŒ ุญุณู†ุงู‹.
01:47
Today's hit single is not last year's hit single.
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ุฃุบู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‚ู…ุฉ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู„ูŠุณุช ู‡ูŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุฃุบู†ูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุนุงู… ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุŒ ุญุณู†ุงู‹.
01:51
But I'm not here to talk about music today.
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ู„ูƒู†ูŠ ู„ุณุช ู‡ู†ุง ู„ู„ุญุฏูŠุซ ุนู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุณูŠู‚ู‰ ุงู„ูŠูˆู….
01:53
I'm here to talk about books.
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ุฃู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง ู„ู„ุญุฏูŠุซ ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ูƒุชุจุŒ ุญุณู†ุงู‹.
01:54
In particular, textbooks and the kind of educational materials
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ุจุงู„ุชุญุฏูŠุฏุŒ ุงู„ูƒุชุจ ูˆูƒู„ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู…ูŠุฉ
01:58
that we use every day in school.
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง ูƒู„ ูŠูˆู… ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ.
02:00
Has anyone here ever been to school?
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ู‡ู„ ุฐู‡ุจ ุฃูŠ ุดุฎุต ู…ู†ูƒู… ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉุŸ
02:02
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
02:03
OK, does anybody realize there's a crisis in our schools,
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ุญุณู†ุงู‹ุŒ ู‡ู„ ูŠุฏุฑูƒ ุงูŠ ู…ู†ูƒู… ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ูƒุงุฑุซุฉ ููŠ ู…ุฏุงุฑุณู†ุงุŒ
02:07
around the world?
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ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ุŸ
02:09
I'm not going to spend too much time on that,
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ุขู…ู„ ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ุญุณู†ุงู‹ุŒ ู„ู† ุฃุถูŠุน ูˆู‚ุช ุทูˆูŠู„ ุญูˆู„ ุฐู„ูƒุŒ
02:12
but what I want to talk about is some of the disconnects
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ู„ูƒู† ู…ุง ุฃุฑุบุจ ุจุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซ ุนู†ู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฅู†ู‚ุทุงุน
02:15
that appear when an author publishes a book.
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ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุธู‡ุฑ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠู†ุดุฑ ู…ุคู„ูุงู‹ ูƒุชุงุจุงู‹
02:18
That in fact, the publishing process --
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ูุฐู„ูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุนุŒ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู†ุดุฑ--
02:19
just because of the fact that it's complicated,
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ูู‚ุท ุจุณุจุจ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู…ุนู‚ุฏุฉุŒ
02:22
it's heavy, books are expensive --
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ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุซู‚ูŠู„ุฉุŒ ูˆูƒุฐู„ูƒ ูุงู„ูƒุชุจ ุบุงู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุซู…ู†--
02:23
creates a sort of a wall between authors of books
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ุชุตู†ุน ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌุฏุงุฑ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุคู„ููŠู† ูˆุงู„ูƒุชุจ
02:27
and the ultimate users of books,
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ูˆุงู„ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ูŠู† -ุงู„ู‚ูุฑุงุก- ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูƒุชุจุŒ
02:28
be they teachers, students or just general readers.
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ูƒูˆู†ู‡ู… ุงู„ู…ุนู„ู…ูˆู†ุŒ ุงู„ุทูู„ุงุจุŒ ุฃู… ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ุงู„ู‚ูุฑุงุก ุงู„ุนุงุฏูŠูŠู†.
02:32
And this is even more true if you happen to speak a language
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุฅู†ุทุจุงู‚ุงู‹ ุฅู† ูƒู†ุช ุชุชุญุฏุซ ู„ุบุฉ
02:36
other than one of the world's major languages, and especially English.
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ุชุฎุชู„ู ุนู† ุงู„ู„ุบุงุช ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆูุฉุŒ ูˆุฎุตูˆุตุงู‹ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ.
02:39
I'm going to call these people below the barrier "shutouts"
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ูˆุณุฃู‚ูˆู… ุจุชุณู…ูŠุฉ ุฃุคู„ุฆูƒ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุชุญุช ุงู„ุญูˆุงุฌุฒ ุงู„ุฑุงูุถุฉุŒ
02:42
because they're really shut out of the process
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ู„ุฃู†ู‡ู… ู…ุจุนุฏูˆู† ุญู‚ุงู‹ ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
02:44
of being able to share their knowledge with the world.
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ุฃู† ูŠู‚ุฏุฑูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุชู‚ุงุณู… ู…ุนุฑูุชู‡ู… ู…ุน ุงู„ุนุงู„ู….
02:47
And so what I want to talk about today is trying to take these ideas
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ูˆู„ุฐุง ู…ุง ุฃุฑูŠุฏ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซ ุนู†ู‡ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู‡ูˆ ู…ุญุงูˆู„ุฉ ุฃุฎุฐ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃููƒุงุฑุŒ
02:50
that we've seen in the musical culture
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ุญูŠุซ ุฃู†ู†ุง ุดู‡ุฏู†ุงู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุซู‚ุงูุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุณูŠู‚ูŠุฉ
02:52
and try to bring these towards reinventing the way
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ูˆู†ุญุงูˆู„ ุฌู„ุจ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃููƒุงุฑ ุชุฌุงู‡ ุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุฅุจุชูƒุงุฑ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ
02:54
we think about writing books, using them and teaching from them.
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ู†ููƒุฑ ุจู‡ุง ุญูˆู„ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ุงู„ูƒุชุจุŒ ุจุฅุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ุง ูˆุงู„ุชุนู„ู… ู…ู†ู‡ุง.
02:58
So, that's what I'd like to talk about
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ุฅุฐุงู‹ ูู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ุฃุฑุบุจ ุจุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซ ุนู†ู‡
03:00
and, really, how we get from where we are now
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ูˆูƒูŠู ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ู…ู† ุญูŠุซ ู†ู‚ุจุน ุงู„ุขู† ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู†ุฑูŠุฏ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุŸ
03:02
to where we need to go.
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03:04
The first thing I'd like you to do is a little thought experiment.
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ุฅุฐุงู‹ุŒ ุงู„ุดุฆ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุฃุฑูŠุฏ ูุนู„ู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุชุฌุฑุจุฉ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ.
03:07
Imagine taking all the world's books.
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ุญุณู†ุงู‹ุŒ ุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง ุฃุฎุฐ ูƒู„ ูƒุชุจ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู….
03:09
OK, everybody imagine books and imagine just tearing out the pages.
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ุญุณู†ุงู‹ุŒ ูู„ูŠุชุฎูŠู„ ุงู„ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ูƒุชุจ
ูˆูŠุชุฎูŠู„ ุฃู†ู†ุง ู…ุฒู‚ู†ุง ุงู„ุตูุญุงุช.
03:12
So, liberating these pages
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ุฅุฐุงู‹ุŒ ุชุญุฑูŠุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุตูุญุงุช ูˆุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง ุฑู‚ู…ู†ุชู‡ุงุŒ ุญุณู†ุงู‹ุŒ
03:14
and imagine digitizing them and then storing them
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ุซู… ุชุฎุฒูŠู†ู‡ุง ููŠ ู…ุฎุฒู† ุนุงู„ู…ูŠ ู…ุชุดุงุจูƒ ุงู„ูˆุตู„ุงุช.
03:18
in a vast, interconnected, global repository.
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03:20
Think of it as a massive iTunes for book-type content.
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ููƒุฑูˆุง ุจู‡ุง ุจุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุขูŠ ุชูŠูˆู† ุถุฎู…ุŒ ู„ู…ุญุชูˆูŠุงุช ุงู„ูƒุชุจ.
03:26
And then take that material and imagine making it all open,
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ุซู… ุฎุฐูˆุง ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ูˆุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง ุฃู† ู†ุฌุนู„ู‡ุง ู…ูุชูˆุญุฉุŒ
03:29
so that people can modify it, play with it, improve it.
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ุจุญูŠุซ ูŠุณุชุทูŠุน ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุชุนุฏูŠู„ู‡ุงุŒ ุงู„ู„ุนุจ ุจู‡ุงุŒ ุชุญุณูŠู†ู‡ุง.
03:32
Imagine making it free,
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ุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง ุฌุนู„ู‡ุง ู…ุฌุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ ุจุญูŠุซ ูŠุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃูŠ ุดุฎุต ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„
03:34
so that anyone in the world can have access to all of this knowledge,
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ู„ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ูˆุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง ุฃู†ู†ุง ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ุชู‚ู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช
03:37
and imagine using information technology
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03:39
so that you can update this content, improve it, play with it,
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ุจุญูŠุซ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุชุญุฏูŠุซ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุญุชูˆูŠุงุชุŒ ุชุญุณูŠู†ู‡ุงุŒ ูˆุงู„ู„ุนุจ ุจู‡ุงุŒ
03:43
on a timescale that's more on the order of seconds instead of years.
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ุจูˆุชูŠุฑุฉ ุฒู…ู†ูŠุฉ ุจู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจุฏู„ุงู‹ ุนู† ุงู„ุณู†ูˆุงุช.
03:47
Instead of editions of a book coming out every two years,
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ุญุณู†ุงู‹ุŒ ุนูˆุถุงู‹ ุนู† ุชุฃุชูŠ ุงู„ุทุจุนุงุช ูƒู„ ุณู†ุชูŠู†ุŒ
03:50
imagine them coming out every 25 seconds.
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ู„ู„ูƒุชุงุจุŒ ุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชุฃุชูŠ ูƒู„ 25 ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ.
03:53
So, imagine we could do that and imagine we could put people into this.
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ุฅุฐุงู‹ุŒ ุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง ุฃู† ุจุฅู…ูƒุงู†ู†ุง ูุนู„ ุฐู„ูƒ
ูˆุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง ุฃู†ู†ุง ุฃุณุชุทุนู†ุง ูˆุถุน ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุฏุงุฎู„ ู‡ุฐุงุŒ ุญุณู†ุงู‹.
03:58
So that we could truly build an ecosystem with not just authors,
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ุจุญูŠุซ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุญู‚ุงู‹ ุจู†ุงุก ู†ุธุงู… ุจูŠุฆูŠ ู…ูƒูˆู‘ู† ู…ู† ู„ูŠุณ ูู‚ุท ุงู„ู…ุคู„ููŠู†ุŒ
04:01
but all the people who could be or want to be authors
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ู„ูƒู† ูƒู„ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ุจู…ุณุชุทุงุนู‡ู… ุฃูˆ ูŠุฑุบุจูˆู† ููŠ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู…ุคู„ููŠู†
04:05
in all the different languages of the world,
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ุจูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ุบุงุช ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู„ู„ุนุงู„ู…ุŒ
04:07
and I think if you could do this, it would be called --
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ูˆุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ ุฅุฐุง ุฃุณุชุทุนุชู… ูุนู„ ู‡ุฐุงุŒ ูุฃู†ู‡ุง ุณุชุณู…ู‰ุŒ ุญุณู†ุงู‹ุŒ
04:09
I'm just going to refer to it as a knowledge ecosystem.
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ุณุฃู‚ูˆู… ุจุชุณู…ูŠุชู‡ุง ุจู†ุธุงู… ุจูŠุฆุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูุฉ.
04:12
So, really, this is the dream,
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ุฅุฐุงู‹ุŒ ูู‡ุฐุง ุญู‚ุงู‹ ุงู„ุญู„ู…
04:14
and in a sense what you can think of it
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ูˆุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ุง ุŒ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุชุณุชุทูŠุน ุงู„ุชููƒูŠุฑ ุจู‡
04:16
is we're trying to enable anyone in the world,
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ู‡ูˆ ุฃู†ู†ุง ู†ุญุงูˆู„ ุชู…ูƒูŠู† ูƒู„ ุดุฎุต ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ุŒ
04:18
I mean anyone in the world --
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ุฃุนู†ูŠ ูƒู„ ุดุฎุต ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…
04:20
(Laughter)
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ู„ูŠุตุจุญ ุงู„ู„ุงุนุจ ุงู„ู…ุงู„ูƒ ู„ู„ุชุนู„ูŠู…ุŒ
04:21
to be their own educational DJ,
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04:23
creating educational materials, sharing them with the world,
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ุตู†ุน ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุชุนู„ูŠู…ูŠุฉุŒ ุชู‚ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ู…ุน ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ุŒ
04:26
constantly innovating on them.
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ุงู„ุฅุจุชูƒุงุฑ ุงู„ู…ุชูˆุงุตู„ ุญูˆู„ู‡ุง. ุฅุฐุงู‹ ูู‡ุฐุง ุญู„ู….
04:28
So, this is the dream.
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04:29
In fact, this dream is actually being realized.
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ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุนุŒ ูุฅู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุญูู„ู… ูŠุชู… ุชุญู‚ูŠู‚ู‡ ุงู„ุขู†.
04:32
Over the last six-and-a-half years,
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ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุณู†ูˆุงุช ุงู„ุณุช ูˆู†ุตู ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉุŒ
04:33
we've been working really hard at Rice University
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ุนู…ู„ู†ุง ุจุฌุฏ ููŠ ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ุฑุงูŠุณ
04:36
on a project called Connexions,
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ููŠ ู…ุดุฑูˆุน ูŠุณู…ู‰ ุชูˆุงุตู„ "Connections"ุŒ
04:38
and so what I'd like to do for the rest of the talk
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ู„ุฐุง ูู…ุง ุฃุฑูŠุฏ ูุนู„ู‡ ููŠ ุจู‚ูŠุฉ ุญุฏูŠุซูŠ
04:40
is just tell you a little bit
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ู‡ูˆ ุฃู† ุฃุฎุจุฑูƒู… ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุงู‹ ุญูˆู„ ู…ุง ูŠูุนู„ู‡ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ
04:42
about what people are doing with Connexions,
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ู…ุน ุชูˆุงุตู„ุŒ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒู… ุงู„ุชููƒูŠุฑ ุจู‡ ูƒู…ุทุงุจู‚
04:44
which you can kind of think of as the counterpoint
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04:46
to Nicholas Negroponte's talk yesterday,
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ู„ุญุฏูŠุซ ู†ูŠูƒูˆู„ุงุณ ู†ู‚ุฑูˆุจูˆู†ูŠุช ุจุงู„ุฃู…ุณ (ู„ุงุจ ุชูˆุจ ู„ูƒู„ ุทูู„)ุŒ
04:48
where they're working on the hardware of bringing education to the world.
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ุญูŠุซ ูŠุนู…ู„ูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุชุตู†ูŠุน ุฃุฌุฒุงุก ุตู„ุจุฉ
ู„ุฌู„ุจ ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู… ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู….
04:51
We're working on the open-source tools
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ู†ุญู† ู†ุนู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุฏูˆุงุช ู…ุตุฏุฑ ู…ูุชูˆุญ ูˆุงู„ู…ุญุชูˆูŠุงุชุŒ ุญุณู†ุงู‹ุŸ
04:54
and the content.
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04:55
So, that's sort of to put it in perspective here.
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ุฅุฐุงู‹ุŒ ูุฐู„ูƒ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ูˆุถุน ุงู„ุชูˆุฌู‡ ู‡ู†ุง.
04:58
So, create.
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ุฅุฐุงู‹ ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠูุนู„ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุฏูˆุงุชุŸ
05:00
What are some of the people that are using these kind of tools?
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05:03
Well, the first thing is,
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ุญุณู†ุงู‹ุŒ ุฃูˆู„ ุดุฆ ู‡ูˆ
05:04
there's a community of engineering professors,
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ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ุฌุชู…ุนุงุช ู„ุฃุณุงุชุฐุฉ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉุŒ ู…ู† ูƒู…ุจูŠุฑูŠุฏุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ูƒูŠูˆุชูˆุŒ
05:07
from Cambridge to Kyoto,
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05:09
who are developing engineering content in electrical engineering
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ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠุทูˆู‘ุฑูˆู† ู…ุญุชูˆูŠุงุช ู‡ู†ุฏุณูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุงุฆูŠุฉ
05:13
to develop what you can think of as a massive, super textbook
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ู„ุชุทูˆูŠุฑ ู…ุง ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒู… ุฅุนุชุจุงุฑู‡ ูƒูƒุชุงุจ ุถุฎู… ู„ู„ุบุงูŠุฉุŒ
05:17
that covers the entire area of electrical engineering.
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ุญุณู†ุงู‹ุŒ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุบุทูŠ ูƒู„ ู…ุฌุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุงุฆูŠุฉ
05:20
And not only that --
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ูˆู„ูŠุณ ุฐู„ูƒ ูู‚ุทุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุชุฎุตูŠุตู‡ุง
05:21
it can be customized for use in each of their own individual institutions.
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ู„ู„ุฅุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ููŠ ุฃูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุคุณุณุงุช ู…ู†ูุฑุฏุฉ.
ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุฃู…ุซุงู„ ูƒูŠุชูŠ ุฌูˆู†ุฒ
05:27
If people like Kitty Jones, a shut-out --
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05:30
a private music teacher and mom from Champagne, Illinois,
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ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุณูŠู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉ ูˆุงู„ู…ุฑุจูŠุฉ ู…ู† ู‡ุงู…ุจุงู†ุฌู†ูŠุŒ ุฃู„ูŠู†ูˆูŠุŒ
05:35
who wanted to share her fantastic music content with the world,
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ุฃุฑุงุฏุงุช ุชู‚ุงุณู… ู…ุญุชูˆูŠุงุชู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุณูŠู‚ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูุงุชู†ุฉ ู…ุน ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ุŒ
05:38
on how to teach kids how to play music --
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ุญูˆู„ ูƒูŠููŠุฉ ุชุนู„ูŠู… ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ู„ุนุจ ุงู„ู…ูˆุณูŠู‚ู‰.
05:40
Her material is now used over 600,000 times per month.
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ูˆุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ู…ุญุชูˆูŠุงุชู‡ุง ุงู„ุขู† ู…ุง ูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุนู„ู‰ 600ุŒ000 ู…ุฑุฉ ุดู‡ุฑูŠุงู‹.
05:46
Tremendous use.
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ุฅุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู…ุฐู‡ู„ ู„ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ.
05:47
In fact, a lot of this use coming from United States K-12 schools,
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ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุนุŒ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฅุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ุงุช ุชุฃุชูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉุŒ ุนุจุฑ 12 ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ
05:51
because anyone who's involved in a school scale back,
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ู„ุฃู† ุฃูŠ ุดุฎุต ุถุงู„ุน ููŠ ุชุนู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉุŒ
05:56
the first thing that's cut is the music curriculum.
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ูุฃู† ุฃูˆู„ ุดุฆ ูŠุญุชุงุฌู‡ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ู†ู‡ุฌ ุงู„ู…ูˆุณูŠู‚ูŠ
05:59
And so this is just indicating the tremendous thirst
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ูู‚ุท ูŠุนูƒุณ ุงู„ุชุนุทุด ุงู„ู‡ุงุฆู„
06:01
for this kind of open, free content.
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ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุญุชูˆูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ูุชูˆุญุฉ.
06:03
A lot of teachers are using this stuff.
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ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุนู„ู…ูŠู† ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก. ุญุณู†ุงู‹ุŒ ู…ุงุฐุง ุนู† ุงู„ุชุฌู‡ูŠุฒุŸ
06:06
What about ripping? What about copying, reusing?
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ู…ุงุฐุง ุนู† ุงู„ู†ุณุฎุŒ ุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฅุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ุŸ
06:09
A team of volunteers at the University of Texas at El Paso --
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ูุฑูŠู‚ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุชุทูˆุนูŠู† ููŠ ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ุชูƒุณุงุณ ุฅู„ุจุงุณูˆุŒ
06:12
graduate students translating this engineering super textbook ideas.
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ุทู„ุงุจ ุฏุฑุงุณุงุช ุนู„ูŠุง ูŠุชุฑุฌู…ูˆู† ุฃููƒุงุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูƒุชุจ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณูŠุฉ ุงู„ุถุฎู…ุฉ
06:17
And within about a week,
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ูˆุฎู„ุงู„ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ ุฃุณุจูˆุนุŒ ุงู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุตุจุญ ุฃุญุฏ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ุดุงุฆุนุฉ
06:19
having this be some of our most popular material
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06:21
in widespread use all over Latin America, and in particular in Mexico,
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ููŠ ุฅู†ุชุดุงุฑ ุงู„ุฅุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ููŠ ูƒู„ ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒุง ุงู„ู„ุงุชูŠู†ูŠุฉ ูˆุชุญุฏูŠุฏุงู‹ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูƒุณูŠูƒุŒ
06:25
because of the open, extensible nature of this.
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ุจุณุจุจ ุทุจูŠุนุฉ ุงู„ู…ูุชูˆุญุฉ ุงู„ูˆุงุณุนุฉ ู„ู‡ุฐุง.
06:28
People, volunteers and even companies
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ุงู„ู†ุงุณุŒ ุงู„ู…ุชุทูˆุนูˆู† ูˆุญุชู‰ ุงู„ุดุฑูƒุงุช
06:31
that are translating materials into Asian languages
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุชุฑุฌู… ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ุบุงุช ุงู„ุขุณูŠูˆูŠุฉ
06:34
like Chinese, Japanese and Thai,
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ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ุตูŠู†ูŠุฉุŒ ุงู„ูŠุงุจุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ุชุงูŠู„ุงู†ุฏูŠุฉ
06:36
to spread the knowledge even further.
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ู„ู†ุดุฑ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ุฃูƒุซุฑ.
06:40
OK, what about people who are mixing?
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ุญุณู†ุงู‹ุŒ ู…ุงุฐุง ุนู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠู…ุฒุฌูˆู†ุŸ ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฒุฌุŸ
06:42
What does "mixing" mean?
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06:43
"Mixing" means building customized courses,
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ุงู„ู…ุฒุฌ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู†ุงุก ู…ู‚ุฑุฑุงุช ู…ุฎุตุตุฉุŒ
06:45
means building customized books.
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ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู†ุงุก ูƒุชุจ ู…ุฎุตุตุฉ.
06:49
Companies like National Instruments,
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ุงู„ุดุฑูƒุงุช ู…ุซู„ ู†ุงุดูˆู†ุงู„ ุฅู†ุณุชุฑูˆู…ู†ุชุŒ
06:51
who are embedding very powerful, interactive simulations
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ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠุชุถู…ู† ู…ุญุงูƒุงุฉ ู‚ูˆูŠุฉ ุฌุฏุงู‹ ูˆุชูุงุนู„ูŠุฉ ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏุŒ
06:56
into the materials,
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06:57
so that we can go way beyond our regular kind of textbook
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ุจุญูŠุซ ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุงู„ุฐู‡ุงุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃุจุนุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ุนุงุฏูŠุฉ ู„ู„ูƒุชุจ
07:00
to an experience
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ุฅู„ู‰ ุชุฌุฑุจุฉ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู…ูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุกุŒ
07:01
that all the teaching materials are things you can actually interact with
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ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ ูˆุงู„ู„ุนุจ ู…ุนู‡ุง
07:05
and play around with and actually learn as you do.
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ูˆููŠ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชุนู„ู… ูƒู…ุง ุชูุนู„.
07:09
We've been working with Teachers Without Borders,
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ูƒู†ุง ู†ุนู…ู„ ู…ุน ู…ุนู„ู…ูŠู† ุจู„ุง ุญุฏูˆุฏ (TWB)
07:11
who are very interested in mixing our materials.
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ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠู‡ุชู…ูˆู† ุจุดุฏุฉ ุจู…ุฒุฌ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ.
ูˆุณูŠู‚ูˆู…ูˆู† ุจุฅุณุชุฎุฏุงู… "ุชูˆุงุตู„" ูƒู…ู†ุตุฉ
07:14
They're going to be using Connexions as their platform
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07:16
to develop and deliver teaching materials for teaching teachers how to teach
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ู„ุชุทูˆูŠุฑ ูˆุฅุฑุณุงู„ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู…ูŠุฉ
ู„ุชุนู„ูŠู… ุงู„ู…ุนู„ู…ูŠู† ูƒูŠููŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฏุฑูŠุณ
07:22
in 84 countries around the world.
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ููŠ 84 ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู….
07:24
TWB is currently in Iraq,
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TWB ุญุงู„ูŠุงู‹ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุฑุงู‚ ุชุฏู‘ุฑุจ 20ุŒ000 ู…ุนู„ู… ูˆุชุฏุนู…ู‡ุง USAID
07:27
training 20,000 teachers supported by USAID.
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07:32
And to them, this idea of being able to remix
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ูˆุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู‡ู…ุŒ ููƒุฑุฉ ุฃู† ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุฒุฌ
07:35
and customize to the local context is extraordinarily important,
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ูˆุชุฎุตูŠุตู‡ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณูŠุงู‚ ุงู„ู…ุญู„ูŠ ู…ู‡ู… ู„ู„ุบุงูŠุฉุŒ
07:40
because just providing free content to people
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ู„ุฃู† ุชู‚ุฏูŠู… ู…ุญุชูˆูŠุงุช ู…ุฌุงู†ูŠุฉ ูู‚ุท ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ
07:42
has actually been likened by people in the developing world
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ู‚ุฏ ุชู… ุฑุจุทู‡ ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู†ุงู…ูŠุฉ
07:45
to a kind of cultural imperialism --
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ุฅู„ู‰ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุซู‚ุงูุฉ ุงู„ุฅู…ุจุฑูŠุงู„ูŠุฉุŒ
07:48
that if you don't empower people
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ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุฅู† ู„ู… ุชู‚ู… ุจุชู…ูƒูŠู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ
07:49
with the ability to re-contextualize the material,
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ุจุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุชุฃุทูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉุŒ
07:52
translate it into their own language and take ownership of it,
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ูˆุชุฑุฌู…ุชู‡ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ู„ุบุชู‡ู… ุงู„ุฃู… ูˆุญุตูˆู„ู‡ู… ุนู„ู‰ ู…ู„ูƒูŠุชู‡ุงุŒ
07:55
it's not good.
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ูุฐู„ูƒ ู„ูŠุณ ุฌูŠุฏุงู‹.
07:57
OK, other organizations we've been working with, UC Merced --
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ุญุณู†ุงู‹ุŒ ู…ู†ุธู…ุงุช ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ูƒู†ุง ู†ุนู…ู„ ู…ุนู‡ุงุŒ UC Merced
08:01
people know about UC Merced.
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ูŠุนู„ู… ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุญูˆู„ UC Merced.
08:03
It's a new university in California, in the Central Valley,
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ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ุญุฏูŠุซุฉ ููŠ ูƒุงู„ููˆุฑู†ูŠุงุŒ ููŠ ู…ู†ุชุตู ุงู„ูˆุงุฏูŠุŒ
08:07
working very closely with community colleges.
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ุชุนู…ู„ ุจุดูƒู„ ูˆุซูŠู‚ ู…ุน ูƒู„ูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุน.
08:09
They're actually developing
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ูˆู‡ู… ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ูŠุทูˆุฑูˆู† ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุนู„ูˆู…ู‡ู… ูˆู…ู†ุงู‡ุฌู‡ู… ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณูŠุฉ
08:11
a lot of their science and engineering curriculum
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08:13
to spread widely around the world in our system.
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ู„ู„ุฅู†ุชุดุงุฑ ุจุตูˆุฑุฉ ุฃูˆุณุน ุนุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‹ ููŠ ู†ุธุงู…ู†ุง
08:18
And they're also trying to develop all of their software tools
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ูˆู‡ู… ูƒุฐู„ูƒ ูŠุญุงูˆู„ูˆู† ุชุทูˆูŠุฑ ูƒู„ ุฃุฏูˆุงุชู‡ู… ุงู„ุจุฑู…ุฌูŠุฉ ุจุตูˆุฑุฉ ู…ุตุฏุฑ ู…ูุชูˆุญ ูƒู„ูŠุงู‹.
08:21
completely open-source.
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08:22
We've been working with AMD, which has a project called 50x15,
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ุนู…ู„ู†ุง ู…ุน AMD ุงู„ุชูŠ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ุง ู…ุดุฑูˆุน ูŠุณู…ู‰ 50 ุนู„ู‰ 15ุŒ
08:27
which is trying to bring Internet connectivity
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ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุญุงูˆู„ุฉ ุชูˆููŠุฑ ุฅูŠุตุงู„ ุจุงู„ุฅู†ุชุฑู†ุช
08:30
to 50 percent of the world's population by 2015.
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ุฅู„ู‰ 50 ุจุงู„ู…ุงุฆุฉ ู…ู† ุณูƒุงู† ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุจุญู„ูˆู„ ุนุงู… 2015.
08:33
We're going to be providing content to them
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ุณู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจุชุฒูˆูŠุฏู‡ู… ุจุงู„ู…ุญุชูˆูŠุงุช
08:35
in a whole range of different languages.
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ุจู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ูˆุงุณุนุฉ ู…ู† ู…ุฎุชู„ู ุงู„ู„ุบุงุชุŒ
08:37
And we've also been working with a number of other organizations.
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ูˆู‚ุฏ ูƒู†ุง ู†ุนู…ู„ ู…ุน ุนุฏุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู†ุธู…ุงุช ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰.
08:41
In particular, a bunch of the projects that are funded by Hewlett Foundation,
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ูˆุนู„ู‰ ูˆุฌู‡ ุงู„ุฎุตูˆุตุŒ ุนุฏุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุดุฑูˆุนุงุช
ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู…ูˆู„ู‡ุง ู…ุคุณุณุฉ ู‡ูŠูˆู„ู„ุชุŒ
08:45
who have taken a real leadership role in this area of open content.
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ุฃุฎุฐุช ุฏูˆุฑ ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ู…ุฌุงู„ ุงู„ู…ุญุชูˆูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ูุชูˆุญุฉ ุงู„ู…ุตุฏุฑ.
08:49
OK, burn -- I think this is, sort of, quite interesting.
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ุญุณู†ุงู‹ุŒ ุงู„ุญุฑู‚ (ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุต)ุŒ ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุซูŠุฑ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุงู‹.
08:53
"Burn" is the idea of trying to create the physical instantiation
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ุงู„ู†ุณุฎ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุต ุงู„ู„ูŠุฒุฑูŠ ู‡ูŠ ููƒุฑุฉ ู…ุญุงูˆู„ุฉ ุตู†ุน ู…ู…ุงุซู„ ู…ุงุฏูŠ ู„ุฃุญุฏ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฑุฑุงุช
08:57
of one of these courses.
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08:58
And I think a lot of you received --
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ูˆุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู† ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู†ูƒู… ุฃุณุชู‚ุจู„ุŒ
09:00
I think all of you received one of these music books in your gift pack.
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ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ูƒู… ุฌู…ูŠุนุงู‹ ุฃุณุชู‚ุจู„ุชู… ุฃุญุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูƒุชุจ ุงู„ู…ูˆุณูŠู‚ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุญู‚ูŠุจุฉ ุงู„ู‡ุฏุงูŠุง ุฎุงุตุชูƒู….
09:06
A little present for you.
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ู‡ุฏูŠุฉ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ู„ูƒู….
09:08
Just to tell you quickly about it: this is an engineering textbook.
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ูู‚ุท ู„ุฃุฎุจุฑูƒู… ุนู†ู‡ุง ุณุฑูŠุนุงู‹ ุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ ูƒุชุงุจ ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ.
09:11
It's about 300 pages long, hardbound.
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ุฅู†ู‡ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ 300 ุตูุญุฉุŒ ู…ุฌู„ุฏ.
09:16
This costs -- anybody guess?
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ูŠูƒู„ู ู‡ุฐุงุŒ ุฃูŠ ุชุฎู…ูŠู†ุŸ
09:20
How much would it cost in a bookstore?
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ูƒู… ุณูŠูƒู„ู ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ ู…ุชุฌุฑ ุงู„ูƒุชุจุŸ
09:22
(Audience) 65 dollars.
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ุงู„ุญุถูˆุฑ: 65 ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑุงู‹.
09:23
Richard Baraniuk: OK. This costs 22 dollars to the student.
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ุฑูŠุชุดุงุฑุฏ ุจุงุฑุงู†ูŠูƒ: ู‡ุฐุง ูŠูƒู„ู ุงู„ุทุงู„ุจ 22 ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑุงู‹.
09:28
Why does it cost 22 dollars?
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ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠูƒู„ู 22 ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑุงู‹ุŸ
09:29
Because it's published on demand
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ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุทูุจุน ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุทู„ุจ
09:31
and it's developed from this repository of open materials.
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ูˆู‚ุฏ ุชู… ุชุทูˆูŠุฑู‡ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฎุฒู† ู„ู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ู…ูุชูˆุญุฉ ุงู„ู…ุตุฏุฑ.
09:35
If this book were to be published by a regular publisher,
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ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจ ู‚ุฏ ู†ูุดุฑ ุจูˆุงุณุทุฉ ู†ุงุดุฑ ุนุงุฏูŠุŒ
09:38
it would cost at least 122 dollars.
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ูุฃู†ู‡ ุณูŠูƒู„ู ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„ 122 ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑุงู‹.
09:41
So what we're seeing
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ุญุณู†ุงู‹ุŒ ุฅุฐุงู‹ ู…ุง ู†ุดู‡ุฏู‡ ู‡ูˆ ู†ู‚ู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ุณุฎ
09:42
is moving this burning or publication process
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ุฃูˆ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู†ุดุฑ ู…ู† ู†ูˆุนุงู‹ ู…ุง ู…ุคู„ู ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ
09:45
from the regular, sort of single-authored book
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09:48
towards community-authored materials
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ู‚ุงู… ุจุชุฃู„ูŠู ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุฌุชู…ุน ู…ูˆุงุฏ ู…ุคู„ูุฉ
09:51
that are modular, that are customized to each individual class
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ู…ู† ูˆุญุฏุงุชุŒ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชูุฎุตุต ู„ูƒู„ ูุตู„ ู…ู†ูุฑุฏ
09:55
and published on demand very inexpensively,
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ูˆูŠุชู… ุทุจุงุนุชู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุญุณุจ ุงู„ุทู„ุจ ุจูƒู„ ุจุณุนุฑ ุฑุฎูŠุตู ุฌุฏุงู‹ุŒ
09:57
either pushed out through Amazon
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ุณูˆุงุก ุฏููุน ุจู‡ุง ุนุจุฑ ุฃู…ุงุฒูˆู†ุŒ
10:00
or published directly through an on-demand press, like QOOP.
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ุฃูˆ ู†ูุดุฑุช ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ุนุจุฑ ู…ุทุจุนุฉ ุญุณุจ ุงู„ุทู„ุจุŒ ู…ุซู„ ูƒูˆูˆุจ(Coop ).
10:04
And I think that this is an extraordinarily interesting area
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ูˆุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุฌุงู„ ู…ุซุงู„ ุจุตูˆุฑุฉ ุบูŠุฑ ุนุงุฏูŠุฉ
10:07
because there is tremendous area under this long tail in publishing.
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ู„ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ุฌุงู„ ู…ุฐู‡ู„ ุชุญุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุณู„ุณู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุดุฑ.
10:13
We're not talking about the Harry Potter end,
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ู†ุญู† ู†ุชุญุฏุซ ุนู† ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ู‡ุงุฑูŠ ุจูˆุชุฑุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุงู‹ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุงู†ุจ ุงู„ุฃูŠุณุฑ.
10:15
right at the left side.
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10:17
We're talking about books
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ู†ุญู† ู†ุชุญุฏุซ ุนู† ุงู„ูƒุชุจ ุญูˆู„ ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุงุช ุงู„ุชูุงุถู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฌุฒุฆูŠุฉ.
10:18
on hypergeometric partial differential equations.
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10:21
Books that might sell 100 copies a year, 1,000 copies a year.
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ุญุณู†ุงู‹ุŒ ุนู† ุงู„ูƒุชุจ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุฑุจู…ุง ุชุจูŠุน 100 ู†ุณุฎุฉ ุณู†ูˆูŠุงู‹ุŒ 1000 ู†ุณุฎุฉ ุณู†ูˆูŠุงู‹.
10:25
There is tremendous sustaining revenue under this long tail
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ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฏุนู… ู‡ุงุฆู„ ู„ู„ุฅูŠุฑุงุฏุงุชุŒ
ููŠ ุฅุทุงุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุณู„ุณู„ุฉ ุงู„ุทูˆูŠู„ุฉ ู„ุฏุนู… ุงู„ู…ุดุงุฑูŠุน ุงู„ู…ูุชูˆุญุฉ ูƒู…ุฌุชู…ุนู†ุงุŒ
10:30
to sustain open projects like ours,
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10:32
but also to sustain this new emergence of on-demand publishers,
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ู„ูƒู† ุฃูŠุถุงู‹ ู„ุฅุณุชุฏุงู…ุฉ ุงู„ุธู‡ูˆุฑ ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ู„ู†ุงุดุฑูŠู† ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุทู„ุจุŒ
10:37
like QOOP, who produced these two books.
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ู…ุซู„ ูƒูˆูˆุจ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุฃู†ุชุฌุช ู‡ุฐูŠู† ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจูŠู†ุŒ
10:39
And I think one of the things that you should take away from this talk
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ูˆุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู† ุฃุญุฏ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุฌุจ ุฅุณุชุจุนุงุฏู‡ุง ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซุŒ
10:43
is that there's an impending cut-out-the-middle-man disintermediation,
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ู‡ูˆ ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฎูุถ ูˆุดูŠูƒ ู„ู„ูˆุณุทุงุกุŒ ุตุญูŠุญ.
ุฅู„ุบุงุก ุงู„ูˆุณุทุงุก. ุณูŠุญุฏุซ ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ ู‚ุทุงุน ุงู„ู†ุดุฑ
10:47
that's going to be happening in the publishing industry.
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10:49
And it's going to reach a crescendo over the next few years,
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ูˆุณุชุตู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฐุฑูˆุชู‡ุง ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุฃุนูˆุงู… ุงู„ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏู…ุฉุŒ
10:52
and I think that it's for our benefit, really, and for the world's benefit.
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ูˆุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ู„ูุงุฆุฏุชู†ุง ุญู‚ุงู‹ุŒ ูˆู„ูุงุฆุฏุฉ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู….
10:56
OK, so what are the enablers?
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ุญุณู†ุงู‹ุŒ ู…ุงุฐุง ุนู† ุงู„ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉุŸ
10:58
What's really making all of this happen?
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ู…ุง ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุฌุนู„ ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุญุฏุซุŸ
11:00
There's tons of technology,
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ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฃุทู†ุงู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุชูƒู†ู„ูˆุฌูŠุงุŒ
11:01
and the only piece of technology that I really want to talk about is XML.
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ูˆุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชูƒู†ู„ูˆุฌูŠุง ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุฃุฑุบุจ ุญู‚ุงู‹ ุจุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซ ุนู†ู‡ ู‡ูˆ XML.
11:05
How many people know about XML?
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ูƒู… ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠุนุฑููˆู† ุนู† XMLุŸ
11:07
Oh, great.
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11:08
So it's the future of the web, right?
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ุฃูˆู‡ุŒ ุนุธูŠู…ุŒ ุฅุฐุงู‹ ูู‡ูŠ ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ุฅู†ุชุฑู†ุชุŒ ุญุณู†ุงู‹.
11:10
It's semantic representation of content.
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ุฅู† ุชู…ุซูŠู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ุฏู„ุงู„ูŠ ู„ู„ุชุนู„ูŠู‚ ุŒ ุงู„ู…ุญุชูˆูŠุงุชุŒ
11:15
And what you can really think of XML in this case
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ูˆู…ุง ุชุณุชุทูŠุน ุญู‚ุงู‹ ุงู„ุชููƒูŠุฑ ุจู‡ ู„ XML ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉุŒ
11:17
is it's the packaging that we're putting around these pages.
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ู‡ูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชู‚ูˆู… ุจุชุบู„ูŠู ู…ุง ู†ุถุนู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุตูุญุงุช.
11:20
Remember we took the book, tore the pages out?
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ุชุฐูƒุฑูˆุง ุฃู†ู†ุง ุฃุฎุฐู†ุง ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจุŒ ู…ุฒู‚ู†ุง ุงู„ุตูุญุงุช ูˆุฑู…ูŠู†ุงู‡ุงุŸ
11:22
Well, what the XML is going to do
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ุญุณู†ุงู‹ุŒ ู…ุง ุณุชูุนู„ XML ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณ ู‡ูˆ --
11:24
is it's going to turn those pages into Lego blocks.
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ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุณุชู‚ูˆู… ุจู‚ู„ุจ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุตูุญุงุช ุฅู„ู‰ ูƒุชู„ ู„ูŠุบูˆุŒ ุญุณู†ุงู‹.
11:28
XML are the nubs on the Lego
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XML ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู†ุชูˆุกุงุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠุบูˆ
11:30
that allow us to combine the content together in a myriad different ways,
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุณู…ุญ ู„ู†ุง ุจุฏู…ุฌ ุงู„ู…ุญุชูˆูŠุงุช ุณูˆูŠุฉู‹ ุจุทุฑู‚ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู„ุง ุชุนุฏ ูˆู„ุง ุชุญุตู‰
11:34
and it provides us a framework to share content.
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ูˆุชูˆูุฑ ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ุฅุทุงุฑ ู„ุชู‚ุงุณู… ุงู„ู…ุญุชูˆูŠุงุช.
11:38
So, it lets you take this ecosystem
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ุฅุฐุงู‹ุŒ ูู‡ูŠ ุชุชูŠุญ ู„ู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ุจูŠุฆูŠุŒ ุญุณู†ุงู‹ุŒ
11:41
in its primordial state of all this content,
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ููŠ ุญุงู„ุชู‡ ุงู„ุจุฏุงุฆูŠุฉุŒ ุญุณู†ุงู‹ุŒ ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุญุชูˆูŠุงุชุŒ
11:44
all the pages you've torn out of books,
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ูƒู„ ุงู„ุตูุญุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ู…ุฒู‚ู†ุงู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒุชุจ
11:46
and create highly sophisticated learning machines:
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ูˆุชุตู†ุน ุขู„ุฉ ุชุนู„ูŠู…ูŠุฉ ู…ุชุทูˆุฑุฉ ู„ู„ุบุงูŠุฉุŒ ุตุญูŠุญุŸ
11:50
books, courses, course packs.
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ุงู„ูƒุชุจุŒ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฑุฑุงุชุŒ ุญุฒู… ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฑุฑุงุชุŒ ุญุณู†ุงู‹.
11:52
It gives you the ability to personalize the learning experience
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ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุชุนุทูŠูƒู… ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุชุฎุตูŠุต ุงู„ุชุฌุฑุจุฉ ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู…ูŠุฉ
11:56
to each individual student,
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ู„ูƒู„ ุทุงู„ุจ ู…ู†ูุฑุฏุŒ ุญุณู†ุงู‹ุŒ
11:58
so that every student can have a book or a course
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ุจุญูŠุซ ูŠุณุชุทูŠุน ูƒู„ ุทุงู„ุจ ุงู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฑุฑ
12:01
that's customized to their learning style, their context,
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ุงู„ู…ุฎุตุต ู„ุฃุณู„ูˆุจ ุชุนู„ู…ู‡ุŒ ูˆุณูŠุงู‚ู‡ุŒ
12:04
their language and the things that excite them.
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ู„ุบุชู‡ ูˆุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุซูŠุฑู‡.
12:07
It lets you reuse the same materials in multiple different ways,
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ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุชุชูŠุญ ุฅุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุจุทุฑู‚ ุนุฏูŠุฏุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉุŒ
12:10
and surprising new ways.
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ูˆุทุฑู‚ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ู…ูุงุฌุฆุฉ.
12:12
It lets you interconnect ideas,
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ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุชุณู…ุญ ู„ูƒ ุจุฑุจุท ุงู„ุฃููƒุงุฑ ุงู„ู…ุดุชุฑูƒุฉ
12:14
indicating how fields relate to each other.
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ูˆุชุดูŠุฑ ู„ูƒูŠู ุชุฑุชุจุท ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„ุงุช ู„ุจุนุถู‡ุง ุงู„ุจุนุถุŒ
12:19
And I'll just give you my personal story.
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ูˆุณุฃู‚ุฏู… ู„ูƒู… ู‚ุตุชูŠ ุงู„ุดุฎุตูŠุฉ.
12:21
We came up with this six-and-a-half years ago
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ุชูˆุตู„ู†ุง ู„ู‡ุฐุงุŒ ู‚ุจู„ ุณุช ุฃุนูˆุงู… ูˆู†ุตู ู…ุถุช
12:23
because I teach the stuff in the red box.
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ู„ุฃู†ู†ูŠ ุฃุฏุฑู‘ุณ ุฃุดูŠุงุก ููŠ ุงู„ุตู†ุฏูˆู‚ ุงู„ุฃุญู…ุฑ.
12:26
And my day job, as Chris said -- I'm an electrical engineering professor.
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ูˆุนู…ู„ูŠ ุงู„ูŠูˆู…ูŠุŒ ูƒู…ุง ู‚ุงู„ ูƒุฑูŠุณุŒ ุฃู†ุง ุฃุณุชุงุฐ ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ูƒู‡ุฑุจุงุฆูŠุฉ.
12:30
I teach signal processing
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ุฃู‚ูˆู… ุจุชุฏุฑูŠุณ ู…ุนุงู„ุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฅุดุงุฑุงุช
12:32
and my challenge was to show that this math --
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ูˆูƒุงู† ุงู„ุชุญุฏูŠ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู† ุฃุนุฑุถ ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุญุณุงุจ--
12:34
Wow, about half of you have already fallen asleep
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ูˆุงูˆุŒ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ ู†ุตููƒู… ุบุทู‘ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ูˆู… ุจู…ุฌุฑุฏ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ --
12:36
just looking at the equation.
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12:38
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
12:39
But this seemingly dry math
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ู„ูƒู† ู…ุง ูŠุจุฏูˆ ุฃู†ู‡ ุญุณุงุจ ุฌุงู ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ู‡ูˆ ู…ุฑูƒุฒ
12:41
is actually the center of this tremendously powerful web
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ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฅู†ุชุฑู†ุช ุงู„ู‚ูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุฑุจุท ุงู„ุชูƒู†ู„ูˆุฌูŠุง --
12:45
that links technology --
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12:47
that links really cool applications like music synthesizers
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุฑุจุท ุชุทุจูŠู‚ุงุช ุฌูŠุฏุฉ ุญู‚ุงู‹ ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ู…ุฒุฌ ุงู„ู…ูˆุณูŠู‚ูŠ
12:50
to tremendous economic opportunities,
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ุจูุฑุต ุฅู‚ุชุตุงุฏูŠุฉ ู…ุฐู‡ู„ุฉุŒ
12:54
but also governed by intellectual property.
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ู„ูƒู† ุงูŠุถุงู‹ ุชุญูƒู…ู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ู„ูƒูŠุฉ ุงู„ููƒุฑูŠุฉ.
12:56
And the thing that I realized
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ูˆุงู„ุดุฆ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุฃุฏุฑูƒุชู‡ ูƒุงู† ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ุง ุชูˆุฌุฏ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุฃู†ู†ูŠ ูƒู…ู‡ู†ุฏุณ
12:57
is there was no way that I, as an engineer,
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ุฃุณุชุทูŠุน ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠู…ุฑ ุนุจุฑ ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง.
13:00
could write this book that would get all of this across.
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13:02
We needed a community to do it
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ุฃุญุชุฌู†ุง ู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุน ู„ูุนู„ ุฐู„ูƒ
13:04
and we needed new tools to be able to interconnect these ideas.
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ูˆุฃุญุชุฌู†ุง ู„ุฃุฏูˆุงุช ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ู„ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ุฑุจุท ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃููƒุงุฑุŒ
13:08
And I think that really, in a sense, what we're trying to do
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ูˆุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู† ุฐู„ูƒ ุญู‚ุงู‹ุŒ ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ุงุŒ ู…ุง ู†ุญุงูˆู„ ูุนู„ู‡
ู‡ูˆ ุฌุนู„ ุญู„ู… ู…ูŠู†ูƒุณูŠ ูŠุชุญู‚ู‚ุŒ
13:11
is make Minsky's dream come to a reality,
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13:13
where you can imagine all the books in a library
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ุญูŠุซ ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุชุฎูŠู„ ูƒู„ ุงู„ูƒุชุจ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูƒุชุจุฉ
13:15
actually starting to talk to each other.
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ุชุจุฏุฃ ููŠ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซ ู…ุน ุจุนุถู‡ุง ุงู„ุจุนุถุŒ ุญุณู†ุงู‹ุŒ
13:17
And people who are teachers out here -- whoever taught, you know this --
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ูˆุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ู‡ู… ู…ุนู„ู…ูˆู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒุŒ
ุฃูŠ ุดุฎุต ู‚ุงู… ุจุงู„ุชุฏุฑูŠุณุŒ ูŠุนุฑู ู‡ุฐุง.
13:21
it's the interconnections between ideas that teaching is really all about.
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ุฅู†ู‡ ุฑุจุท ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฃููƒุงุฑ ุจุฃู† ุงู„ุชุฏุฑูŠุณ ู‡ูˆ ุนู† ูƒู„ ุดุฆ.
13:25
OK, back to math.
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ุญุณู†ุงู‹ุŒ ุจุงู„ุฑุฌูˆุน ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญุณุงุจุŒ ุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู…ูƒู†.
13:27
Imagine -- this is possible:
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13:30
that every single equation that you click on in one of your new e-texts
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ุฃู† ูƒู„ ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ ุชู†ู‚ุฑ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุนุจุฑ ุงู„ู†ุตูˆุต ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซุฉ
13:34
is something that you're going to be able to explore and experiment with.
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ู‡ูŠ ุดุฆ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุฅุณุชูƒุดุงูู‡ ูˆุชุฌุฑุจุชู‡.
13:38
So imagine your kid's algebra textbook in seventh grade.
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ุญุณู†ุงู‹ุŒ ุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง ุฃู† ูƒุชุงุจ ุงู„ุฑูŠุงุถูŠุงุช ุงู„ุฎุงุต ุจุฃุทูุงู„ูƒู…ุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุณุงุจุน.
13:42
You can click on every single equation
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃูŠ ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ
13:43
and bring up a little tool to be able to experiment with it,
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ูˆุชุฌู„ุจ ุฃุฏุงุฉ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ู„ุชุณุชุทูŠุน ุชุฌุฑุจุชู‡ุงุŒ
13:46
tinker with it, understand it.
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ุงู„ุนุจุซ ุจู‡ุงุŒ ูˆูู‡ู…ู‡ุงุŒ
13:48
Because we really don't understand until we do.
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ู„ุฃู†ู†ุง ู„ุง ู†ูู‡ู… ุญู‚ุงู‹ ุญุชู‰ ู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจุงู„ุชุฌุฑูŠุจ.
13:51
The same type of mark-up, like MathML, for chemistry.
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ู†ูุณ ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุนู„ุงู…ุงุชุŒ ู…ุซู„ mathMLุŒ ู„ู„ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุก.
13:55
Imagine chemistry textbooks
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ุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง ูƒุชุจ ุงู„ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุก ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู‚ูˆู… ุจูู‡ู…
13:57
that actually understand the structure of how molecules are formed.
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ู‡ูŠูƒู„ ูƒูŠููŠุฉ ุชุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุฌุฒูŠุฆุงุช.
14:01
Imagine Music XML
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ุชุฎูŠู„ ู…ูˆุณูŠู‚ู‰ XML
14:03
that actually lets you delve into the semantic structure of music,
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุชูŠุญ ู„ูƒ ุญู‚ุงู‹ ุงู„ุฎูˆุถ ููŠ ุงู„ุจู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฏู„ุงู„ูŠุฉ ู„ู„ู…ูˆุณูŠู‚ู‰ุŒ
14:06
play with it, understand it.
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ู„ุนุจู‡ุง ูˆูู‡ู…ู‡ุง.
14:08
It's no wonder that everybody's getting into it, right?
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ู„ูŠุณ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุณุชุบุฑุจ ุฃู† ูŠุนุชุงุฏ ุงู„ุฌู…ูŠุน ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ุตุญูŠุญุŸ
14:11
Even the three wise men.
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ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ุญูƒู…ุงุก ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซุฉ.
14:12
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
14:14
OK, the second big enabler, and this is where I told a big lie.
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ุญุณู†ุงู‹ุŒ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชู…ูƒูŠู†ุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุญูŠุซ ู‚ู…ุช ุจู‚ูˆู„ ูƒุฐุจุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ.
14:19
The second big enabler is intellectual property.
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ุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ู„ูƒูŠุฉ ุงู„ููƒุฑูŠุฉุŒ
14:22
Because, in fact, I got up here
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ู„ุฃู†ู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุญุถุฑุช ุฅู„ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง
14:24
and I talked about how great the music culture is.
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ูˆุชุญุฏุซุช ุญูˆู„ ูƒู… ู‡ูŠ ุนุธูŠู…ุฉ ุซู‚ุงูุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุณูŠู‚ู‰.
14:26
We can share and rip, mix and burn, but in fact, that's all illegal.
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุงู„ุชู‚ุงุณู…ุŒ ุงู„ุชุฌู‡ูŠุฒ ุงู„ุญุฑู‚ุŒ ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ูุฃู† ุฐู„ูƒ ูƒู„ู‡ ุบูŠุฑ ู‚ุงู†ูˆู†ูŠ.
14:30
And we would be accused of [piracy] for doing that,
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ุญุณู†ุงู‹ุŒ ุณู†ูุชู‡ู… ุจุงู„ู‚ุฑุตู†ุฉ ู„ูุนู„ ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ุญุณู†ุงู‹ุŒ
14:33
because this music has been propertized.
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ู„ุฃู† ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ูˆุณูŠู‚ู‰ ุญู‚ูˆู‚.
14:37
It's now owned, much of it by big industries.
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ุฅู†ู‡ุง ู…ู…ู„ูˆูƒุฉุŒ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ู„ุดุฑูƒุงุช ุตู†ุงุนูŠุฉ ูƒุจุฑู‰.
14:41
So, really, the key thing here is we can't let this happen.
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ู„ุฐุงุŒ ูุญู‚ุงู‹ุŒ ูุฃู† ุงู„ู…ูุชุงุญ ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุงู„ุณู…ุงุญ ุจู‡ุฐุง.
14:44
We can't let this Napster thing happen here.
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ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุงู„ุณู…ุงุญ ุจู…ุซู„ ุญุงุฏุซุฉ ู†ุงุจุณุชุฑ (Napster ) ู‡ู†ุง.
14:47
So, what we have to do is get it right from the very beginning.
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ู„ุฐุงุŒ ู…ุง ูŠู†ุจุบูŠ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ูุนู„ู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุญู‚ูˆู‚ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ
14:49
And what we have to do is find an intellectual property framework
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ูˆู…ุง ูŠู†ุจุบูŠ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ูุนู„ู‡
ู‡ูˆ ุฅูŠุฌุงุฏ ู…ู†ุตุฉ ู…ู„ูƒูŠุฉ ููƒุฑูŠุฉ ุชุฌุนู„ ุงู„ุชู‚ุงุณู… ุขู…ู†ุงู‹ุŒ
14:53
that makes sharing safe and makes it easily understandable.
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ูˆุชุฌุนู„ู‡ ู…ูู‡ูˆู… ุจุตูˆุฑุฉ ุณู‡ู„ุฉุŒ
14:58
And the inspiration here is taken from open-source software.
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ูˆุงู„ุฅู„ู‡ุงู… ู‡ู†ุง ู…ุฃุฎูˆุฐ ู…ู† ุจุฑู…ุฌูŠุงุช ู…ุตุฏุฑ ู…ูุชูˆุญุŒ
15:02
Things like Linux and the GPL.
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ุฃุดูŠุงุก ู…ุซู„ ู„ูŠู†ูƒุณ ูˆุชุฑุฎูŠุต GPL.
15:05
The Creative Commons licenses.
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ูˆุงู„ุฃููƒุงุฑุŒ ุชุฑุงุฎูŠุต ุชู‚ุงุณู… ุงู„ุฅุจุฏุงุน.
15:08
How many people have heard of creative commons?
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ูƒู… ู…ู†ูƒู… ู‡ู†ุง ุณู…ุน ุจุชู‚ุงุณู… ุงู„ุฅุจุฏุงุนุŸ
15:10
If you have not, you must learn about it.
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ุฅู† ู„ู… ุชุณู…ุนูˆุง ุจู‡ุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ู…ุนุฑูุชู‡ ุนุจุฑ Creativecommons.org.
15:12
Creativecommons.org.
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15:14
At the bottom of every piece of material in Connexions
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ููŠ ุฃุณูู„ ูƒู„ ู‚ุทุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ููŠ "ุชูˆุงุตู„"
15:17
and in lots of other projects,
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ูˆููŠ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุดุฑูˆุนุงุช ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒู… ุงู„ุนุซูˆุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุนู„ุงู…ุชู‡ู….
15:19
you can find their logo.
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15:20
Clicking on that logo takes you to an absolute no-nonsense,
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ุจุงู„ู†ู‚ุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุนู„ุงู…ุฉ ุชุฃุฎุฐูƒู… ุฅู„ู‰ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู‡ุฑุงุกุŒ
15:24
human-readable document, a deed,
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ูˆุซูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ู‚ุฑูˆุกุฉ ู„ู„ุจุดุฑุŒ
15:27
that tells you exactly what you can do with this content.
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ุชุฎุจุฑูƒู… ุจู…ุงุฐุง ุจุงู„ุถุจุท ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุฃู† ุชูุนู„ ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุญุชูˆูŠุงุช.
15:30
In fact, you're free to share it, to do all of these things:
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ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุนุŒ ูุฃู†ุช ุญูุฑู‘ุŒ ุจุชู‚ุงุณู…ู‡ุงุŒ ู„ูุนู„ ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุกุŒ
15:34
to copy it, to change it, even to make commercial use of it,
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ู„ู†ุณุฎู‡ุงุŒ ู„ุชุบูŠูŠุฑู‡ุงุŒ ุฃูˆ ุญุชู‰ ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ุง ุชุฌุงุฑูŠุงู‹
15:37
as long as you attribute the author.
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ุทุงู„ู…ุง ุฃู† ุชุฐูƒุฑ ุงู„ู…ุคู„ู.
15:40
Because in academic publishing and much of educational publishing,
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ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุดุฑ ุงู„ุฃูƒุงุฏูŠู…ูŠ
ูˆุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุดุฑ ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู…ูŠุŒ
15:44
it's really this idea of sharing knowledge
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ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุฌู…ูŠุนุงู‹ ููƒุฑุฉ ุชู‚ุงุณู… ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูุฉุŒ ู„ู‡ุฐุงุŒ ูˆุตู†ุน ุชุฃุซูŠุฑุŒ
15:48
and making impact.
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15:50
That's why people write, not necessarily making bucks.
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ูˆู„ู‡ุฐุง ูŠูƒุชุจ ุงู„ู†ุงุณุŒ ู„ูŠุณ ุจุงู„ุถุฑูˆุฑุฉ ุฌู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุงู„.
15:54
We're not talking about Harry Potter, right?
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ู†ุญู† ู„ุง ู†ุชุญุฏุซ ุนู† ู‡ุงุฑูŠ ุจูˆุชุฑุŒ ุญุณู†ุงู‹.
15:56
We're at the long tail end here.
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ู†ุญู† ู†ุชุญุฏุซ ุนู† ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุณู„ุณู„ุฉ ุทูˆูŠู„ุฉ ู‡ู†ุง.
15:57
Behind that is the legal code, very carefully constructed.
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ุฎู„ู ุฐู„ูƒ ูŠุฃุชูŠ ุงู„ุฑู…ุฒ ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู†ูŠุŒ ุญุณู†ุงู‹ุŒ
ุฅุฐุงู‹ ู„ูˆ ุงุฑุฏุช ุงู„ุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุจูƒู„ ุญุฐุฑุŒ
16:02
And Creative Commons is taking off --
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ูˆุชู‚ุงุณู… ุงู„ุฅุจุฏุงุน ุชู†ุทู„ู‚ุŒ ุญุณู†ุงู‹.
16:04
over 43 million things out there,
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ู…ุง ูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุนู„ู‰ 43 ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ุดุฆ ู‡ู†ุงูƒุŒ
16:08
licensed with a Creative Commons license.
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ู‚ุงู…ูˆุง ุจุงู„ุชุฑุฎูŠุต ู…ุน ุฑุฎุตุฉ ุชู‚ุงุณู… ุงู„ุฅุจุฏุงุน.
16:10
Not just text,
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ู„ูŠุณ ูู‚ุท ู†ุตูˆุตุงู‹ุŒ ู„ูƒู† ู…ูˆุณูŠู‚ู‰ุŒ ุตูˆุฑุŒ ููŠุฏูŠูˆ
16:13
but music, images, video.
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16:16
And there's actually a tremendous uptake
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ูˆููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฅู…ุชุตุงุต ู‡ุงุฆู„
16:18
of the number of people that are actually licensing music
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ู„ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠุฑุฎุตูˆู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุณูŠู‚ู‰
16:21
to make it free for people who do this whole idea of re-sampling,
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ู„ุฌุนู„ู‡ุง ู…ุฌุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠูุนู„ูˆู† ูƒู„ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุจุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุฃุฎุฐ ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุงุชุŒ
16:25
ripping, mixing, burning and sharing.
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ุงู„ุชุฌู‡ูŠุฒุŒ ุงู„ู…ุฒุฌุŒ ุงู„ุญุฑู‚ ูˆุงู„ุชู‚ุงุณู….
16:27
OK, I'd like to conclude with just the last few points.
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ุฅุฐุงู‹ ุฃุฑูŠุฏ ุฃู† ุฃุฎุชู… ุจุงู„ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุท ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุตุฑุฉ.
16:31
So, we've built this idea of a commons.
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ุฅุฐุงู‹ุŒ ู„ู‚ุฏ ุจู†ูŠู†ุง ููƒุฑุฉ ุงู„ุชู‚ุงุณู… ู‡ุฐู‡. ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง ุงู„ู†ุงุณ.
16:33
People are using it.
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16:35
We get over 500,000 unique visitors per month, just to our particular site.
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ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ู…ุง ูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุนู„ู‰ 500ุŒ000 ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู… ุดู‡ุฑูŠุงู‹ุŒ ูู‚ุท ููŠ ู…ูˆู‚ุนู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุญุฏุฏ.
16:41
MIT OpenCourseWare, which is another large open-content site,
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ู…ู‚ุฑุฑุงุช MIT ุงู„ู…ูุชูˆุญุฉุŒ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ูˆู‚ุน ู…ุญุชูˆูŠุงุช ุขุฎุฑ ุถุฎู…ุŒ
16:45
gets a similar number of hits.
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ูŠุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุนุฏุฏ ู…ุดุงุจู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฒูŠุงุฑุงุชุŒ ู„ูƒู† ูƒูŠู ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐุงุŸ
16:47
But how do we protect this?
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16:49
How do we protect it into the future?
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ูƒูŠู ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุญู…ุงูŠุชู‡ุง ู„ู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„
16:51
And the first thing that people are probably thinking
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ูˆุฃูˆู„ ุดุฆ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุญุชู…ู„ ุฃู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ูŠููƒุฑูˆู† ุจู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุถุจุท ุงู„ุฌูˆุฏุฉุŒ ุญุณู†ุงู‹.
16:54
is quality control, right?
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16:55
Because we're saying that anybody can contribute things to this commons.
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ู„ุฃู†ู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู† ูƒู„ ุดุฎุต ูŠู…ูƒู†ู‡ ุงู„ู…ุณุงู‡ู…ุฉ ุจุฃุดูŠุงุก
ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชู‚ุงุณู…. ูŠู…ูƒู† ู„ุฃูŠ ุดุฎุต ุงู„ู…ุณุงู‡ู…ุฉ ุจุฃูŠ ุดุฆุŒ
17:00
Anybody can contribute anything.
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17:03
So that could be a problem.
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ุฅุฐุงู‹ ูุฐู„ูƒ ู‚ุฏ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ.
17:05
It didn't take long until people started contributing materials,
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ู„ุฐุงุŒ ูู„ู† ุชุณุชุบุฑู‚ ุทูˆูŠู„ุงู‹ุŒ ุญุณู†ุงู‹ุŒ
ุญุชู‰ ุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุจุงู„ู…ุณุงู‡ู…ุฉ ุจู…ูˆุงุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุงู„ู…ู„ุงุจุณ ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠุฉุŒ
17:10
for example, on lingerie,
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17:12
which is actually a pretty good module.
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ูƒุงู†ุช ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌุงู‹ ุฌูŠุฏุงู‹ ู„ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ.
17:14
The only problem is it's plagiarized from a major French feminist journal,
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ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏุฉ ุงู†ู‡ ู…ุณุฑูˆู‚ุŒ ุญุณู†ุงู‹ุŒ
ู…ู† ู…ุฌู„ุฉ ู†ุณูˆูŠุฉ ูุฑู†ุณูŠุฉ ุดู‡ูŠุฑุฉ
17:19
and when you go to the supposed course website,
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ูˆุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชุฐู‡ุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ูˆู‚ุน ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฑุฑ ุงู„ู…ูุชุฑุถุŒ
17:22
it points to a lingerie-selling website.
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ูุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุดูŠุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ูˆู‚ุน ุจูŠุน ู…ู„ุงุจุณ ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠุฉุŒ ุญุณู†ุงู‹ุŸ
17:27
So this is a little bit of a problem.
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ุฅุฐุงู‹ุŒ ูู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉุŒ
17:29
So we clearly need some kind of idea of quality control
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ู„ุฐุง ูู†ุญู† ู†ุญุชุงุฌ ุจูˆุถูˆุญ ู„ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃููƒุงุฑ ู„ุถุจุท ุงู„ุฌูˆุฏุฉ
17:32
and this is really where the idea of review and peer review comes in.
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ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุญู‚ุงู‹ ุญูŠุซ ุชุธู‡ุฑ ููƒุฑุฉ ู…ุฑุงุฌุนุฉ ูˆุฅุณุชุนุฑุงุถ ุงู„ุฃู‚ุฑุงู†.
17:36
You come to TED. Why do you come to TED?
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ุญุณู†ุงู‹ุŒ ุฃู†ุชู… ุชุฌูŠุฆูˆู† ุฅู„ู‰ ุชูŠุฏ. ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ุชุฃุชูˆุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุชูŠุฏุŸ
17:38
Because Chris and his team have ensured
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ู„ุฃู† ูƒุฑูŠุณ ูˆูุฑูŠู‚ู‡ ู‚ุฏ ุฃูƒุฏูˆุง
17:40
that things are very, very high quality, right?
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ุจุฃู† ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุจุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ุฌุฏุงู‹ ุฌุฏุงู‹ุŒ ุญุณู†ุงู‹.
17:44
And so we need to be able to do the same thing.
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ูˆู„ุฐุง ูู†ุญู† ู†ุญุชุงุฌ ู„ุฃู† ู†ู‚ุฏุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ูุนู„ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดุฆุŒ ุญุณู†ุงู‹.
17:46
And we need to be able to design structures,
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ูˆู†ุญุชุงุฌ ู„ุฃู† ู†ู‚ุฏุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุชุตู…ูŠู… ู‡ูŠุงูƒู„
17:49
and what we're doing is designing social software
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ูˆู…ุง ู†ูุนู„ู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุชุตู…ูŠู… ุจุฑู…ุฌูŠุงุช ุฅุฌุชู…ุงุนูŠุฉ
17:52
to enable anyone to build their own peer review process,
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ู„ู„ุณู…ุงุญ ู„ูƒู„ ุดุฎุต ุจุจู†ุงุก ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ู…ุฑุงุฌุนุฉ ุงู„ุฃู‚ุฑุงู† ุฎุงุตุชู‡ู…
17:55
and we call these things "lenses."
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ูˆู†ุณู…ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุจุงู„ุนุฏุณุงุช
17:57
And basically what they allow
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ูˆููŠ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณ ู…ุง ุชุณู…ุญ ุจู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู† ุชุชูŠุญ ู„ูƒู„ ุดุฎุต ู‡ู†ุง
17:59
is anyone out there can develop their own peer-review process,
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ุจุชุทูˆูŠุฑ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ู…ุฑุงุฌุนุฉ ุงู„ุฃู‚ุฑุงู† ุฎุงุตุชู‡ู…ุŒ
18:02
so that they can focus on the content in the repository
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ุจุญูŠุซ ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุญุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฎุฒู†
18:06
that they think is really important.
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ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุชุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ู‡ู… ุญู‚ุงู‹
18:08
And you can think of TED as a potential lens.
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ูˆูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒู… ุงู„ุชููƒูŠุฑ ุจ ุชูŠุฏ ูƒุนุฏุณุฉ ู…ุญุชู…ู„ุฉ.
18:11
So I'd just like to end by saying:
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ุฅุฐุงู‹ ุฃุฑุบุจ ููŠ ุงู„ุฎุชุงู… ุจู‚ูˆู„ูŠุŒ
18:13
you can really view this as a call to action.
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒู… ุญู‚ุงู‹ ุฑุคูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ูƒุฏุนูˆุฉ ู„ู„ุญุฑูƒุฉุŒ ุตุญูŠุญ.
18:18
Connexions and open content is all about sharing knowledge.
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ุชูˆุงุตู„ ูˆุงู„ู…ุญุชูˆูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ูุชูˆุญุฉ ุชุฏูˆุฑ ุญูˆู„ ุชู‚ุงุณู… ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูุฉ.
18:23
All of you here are tremendously imbued with tremendous amounts of knowledge,
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ูˆุฌู…ูŠุนูƒู… ู‡ู†ุง ู…ุชุดุฑุจูˆู† ุจูƒู…ูŠุฉ
ู‡ุงุฆู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูุฉ
18:28
and what I'd like to do is invite each and every one of you
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ูˆู…ุง ุฃุฑุฌูˆ ู…ู†ูƒู… ุฃู† ุชูุนู„ูˆู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุฏุนูˆุฉ ูƒู„ ู…ู†ูƒู…
18:30
to contribute to this project and other projects of its type,
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ู„ู„ู…ุณุงู‡ู…ุฉ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุดุฑูˆุน ูˆุจู‚ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุดุงุฑูŠุน ู…ู† ู†ูˆุนู‡ุŒ
18:34
because I think together we can truly change the landscape
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ู„ุฃู†ู†ูŠ ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ู†ุง ุณูˆูŠุงู‹ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุญู‚ุงู‹ ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ุฃุฑุถูŠุฉ
18:37
of education and educational publishing.
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ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู… ูˆุงู„ู†ุดุฑ ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู…ูŠ.
18:40
So, thanks very much.
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ุฅุฐุงู‹ุŒ ุดูƒุฑุงู‹ ุฌุฒูŠู„ุงู‹ ู„ูƒู….
ุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน

ุณูŠู‚ุฏู… ู„ูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ู…ู‚ุงุทุน ููŠุฏูŠูˆ YouTube ุงู„ู…ููŠุฏุฉ ู„ุชุนู„ู… ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ. ุณุชุฑู‰ ุฏุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุชู… ุชุฏุฑูŠุณู‡ุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุฏุฑุณูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…. ุงู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆุถุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุตูุญุฉ ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ. ูŠุชู… ุชู…ุฑูŠุฑ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุงุช ุจุงู„ุชุฒุงู…ู† ู…ุน ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ. ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุฃูŠ ุชุนู„ูŠู‚ุงุช ุฃูˆ ุทู„ุจุงุช ุŒ ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ุจู†ุง ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7