Richard Baraniuk on open-source learning

103,773 views ใƒป 2007-01-12

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Ido Dekkers ืžื‘ืงืจ: Oren Szekatch
00:25
I'm Rich Baraniuk and what I'd like to talk a little bit about today
0
25000
3191
ืื ื™ ืจื™ืฅ' ื‘ืจื ื™ื•ืง.
ื•ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื• ืงืฆืช ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื ื›ืžื” ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช
00:28
are some ideas that I think have just tremendous resonance
1
28215
3721
ืฉืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืชื”ื•ื“ื” ื ืจื—ื‘ืช
00:31
with all the things that have been talked about the last two days.
2
31960
3496
ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื”ื ื‘ื™ื•ืžื™ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื.
00:35
So many different points of resonance
3
35480
1776
ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชื”ื•ื“ื”
00:37
that it's going to be difficult to bring them all up,
4
37280
2477
ืฉื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืงืฉื” ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืืช ื›ื•ืœืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืืฉืชื“ืœ.
00:39
but I'll try to do my best.
5
39781
1315
ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื–ื•ื›ืจ ืืช ืืœื”?
00:41
Does anybody remember these?
6
41120
1376
00:42
(Laughter)
7
42520
1776
(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
00:44
OK, so these are LP records and they've been replaced, right?
8
44320
5976
ืื•ืงื™ื™, ืื– ืืœื” ืชืงืœื™ื˜ื™ื ื•ื”ื ื”ื•ื—ืœืคื•, ื˜ื•ื‘.
00:50
They've been swept away over the last two decades
9
50320
2696
ื”ื ื ืขืœืžื• ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื™ ื”ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื
00:53
by these types of world-flattening digitization technologies, right?
10
53040
4856
ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื˜ื—ื•ืช ืขื•ืœื ืžื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ื–ื”, ื›ืŸ.
00:57
And I think it was best witnessed
11
57920
2616
ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืจืื• ืืช ื–ื” ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘
01:00
when Thomas was playing the music as we came in the room today.
12
60560
3816
ื›ืฉืชื•ืžืก ื ื™ื’ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ื›ืฉื ื›ื ืกื ื• ืœื—ื“ืจ ื”ื™ื•ื.
01:04
What's happened in the music world is there's a culture,
13
64400
2656
ืžื” ืฉืงืจื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืชืจื‘ื•ืช
01:07
or an ecosystem that's been created
14
67080
1776
ืื• ืžืขืจื›ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืฉื ื•ืฆืจื”
01:08
that, if you take some words from Apple,
15
68880
2576
ืฉืื ืชืงื—ื• ื›ืžื” ืžื™ืœื™ื ืžืืคืœ,
01:11
the catchphrase -- that we create, rip, mix and burn.
16
71480
3976
ืžื•ืฉื’ ื”ืžืคืชื— ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื, ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืžื™ืงืก ื•ืฆื•ืจื‘ื™ื.
01:15
What I mean by that is that anyone in the world is free and allowed
17
75480
3176
ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืžื ืกื” ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ื‘ื–ื” ื–ื” ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื—ื•ืคืฉื™
01:18
to create new music and musical ideas.
18
78680
2336
ื•ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื• ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื•ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืžื•ื–ื™ืงืœื™ื™ื.
01:21
Anyone in the world is allowed to rip or copy musical ideas,
19
81040
3696
ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื—ืชื•ืš ืื• ืœื”ืขืชื™ืง ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืžื•ื–ื™ืงืœื™ื™ื,
01:24
use them in innovative ways.
20
84760
1736
ื•ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ื•ืช.
01:26
Anyone is allowed to mix them in different types of ways,
21
86520
2975
ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืื•ืชื ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื•ืช,
01:29
draw connections between musical ideas,
22
89519
2177
ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืžื•ื–ื™ืงืœื™ื™ื
01:31
and people can burn them or create final products and continue the circle.
23
91720
3976
ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฆืจื•ื‘ ืื•ืชื ืื• ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืกื•ืคื™ื™ื ื•ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืืช ื”ืžืขื’ืœ.
01:35
And what that's done is it's created, like I said,
24
95720
2336
ื•ืžื” ืฉื–ื” ืขืฉื” ื–ื” ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ, ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจืชื™,
ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื ืžืจืฆืช ื•ืžืื“ ื›ื•ืœืœื ื™ืช
01:38
a vibrant community that's very inclusive,
25
98080
2000
01:40
with people continually working to connect musical ideas,
26
100104
3712
ื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืœืœื ื”ืคืกืงื” ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืžื•ื–ื™ืงืœื™ื™ื,
01:43
innovate them and keep things constantly up to date.
27
103840
3416
ืœื—ื“ืฉ ืื•ืชื ื•ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื“ื›ื ื™ื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ, ื›ืŸ.
01:47
Today's hit single is not last year's hit single.
28
107280
3776
ื”ืกื™ื ื’ืœ ื”ืžืฆืœื™ื— ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ื ืœื ื”ืกื™ื ื’ืœ ื”ืžืฆืœื™ื— ืฉืœ ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื”, ืื•ืงื™ื™.
01:51
But I'm not here to talk about music today.
29
111080
2176
ืื‘ืœ, ืื ื™ ืœื ื›ืืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ื”ื™ื•ื.
01:53
I'm here to talk about books.
30
113280
1456
ืื ื™ ื›ืืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืกืคืจื™ื, ืื•ืงื™ื™.
01:54
In particular, textbooks and the kind of educational materials
31
114760
3416
ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืกืคืจื™ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื•ืกื•ื’ื™ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“
01:58
that we use every day in school.
32
118200
2416
ื‘ื”ื ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ.
02:00
Has anyone here ever been to school?
33
120640
1715
ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื”ื™ื” ืคืขื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ?
02:02
(Laughter)
34
122379
1397
(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
02:03
OK, does anybody realize there's a crisis in our schools,
35
123800
3976
ืื•ืงื™ื™, ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ืฉืœื ื•,
02:07
around the world?
36
127800
1776
ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืขื•ืœื?
02:09
I'm not going to spend too much time on that,
37
129600
2536
ืื ื™ ืžืงื•ื•ื”, ืื•ืงื™ื™, ืื ื™ ืœื ืื‘ื–ื‘ื– ืขืœ ื–ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ,
02:12
but what I want to talk about is some of the disconnects
38
132160
3336
ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื• ื”ื•ื ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื ืชืง
02:15
that appear when an author publishes a book.
39
135520
2496
ืฉืžื•ืคื™ืข ื›ืฉืžื—ื‘ืจ ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืกืคืจ
02:18
That in fact, the publishing process --
40
138040
1858
ืฉืœืžืขืฉื”, ืชื”ืœื™ืšื”ื”ื•ืฆืื” ืœืื•ืจ --
02:19
just because of the fact that it's complicated,
41
139922
2191
ืจืง ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืกื•ื‘ืš,
02:22
it's heavy, books are expensive --
42
142137
1679
ื”ื•ื ื›ื‘ื“, ืกืคืจื™ื ื”ื ื™ืงืจื™ื --
02:23
creates a sort of a wall between authors of books
43
143840
3296
ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืกืคืจื™ื
02:27
and the ultimate users of books,
44
147160
1536
ื•ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื”ืกื•ืคื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืกืคืจื™ื,
02:28
be they teachers, students or just general readers.
45
148720
4096
ืื ื”ื ื”ืžื•ืจื™ื, ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืื• ืกืชื ืงื•ืจืื™ื.
02:32
And this is even more true if you happen to speak a language
46
152840
3136
ื•ื–ื” ืืคื™ืœื• ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื ืืชื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืคื”
02:36
other than one of the world's major languages, and especially English.
47
156000
3936
ืฉื•ื ื” ืžืื—ืช ื”ืฉืคื•ืช ื”ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช, ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช.
02:39
I'm going to call these people below the barrier "shutouts"
48
159960
2816
ื•ืื ื™ ืืงืจื ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืœืžืชื—ืช ืœืžื—ืกื•ื ืžื ื•ื“ื™ื,
02:42
because they're really shut out of the process
49
162800
2143
ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื ื‘ืืžืช ืžื ื•ื“ื™ื ืžื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš
02:44
of being able to share their knowledge with the world.
50
164967
2528
ืฉืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื—ืœื•ืง ืืช ื”ื™ื“ืข ืฉืœื”ื ืขื ื”ืขื•ืœื.
02:47
And so what I want to talk about today is trying to take these ideas
51
167519
3192
ืื– ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื• ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ื ื”ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”,
02:50
that we've seen in the musical culture
52
170735
1823
ื›ืŸ, ืฉืจืื™ื ื• ื‘ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื–ื™ืงืœื™ืช
02:52
and try to bring these towards reinventing the way
53
172582
2341
ื•ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฆืื” ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ื“ืจืš
02:54
we think about writing books, using them and teaching from them.
54
174947
3829
ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืกืจื˜ื™ื, ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื”ื ื•ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืžื”ื, ืื•ืงื™ื™.
02:58
So, that's what I'd like to talk about
55
178800
1816
ืื–, ืขืœ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ
03:00
and, really, how we get from where we are now
56
180640
2239
ื•ื‘ืืžืช, ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืžืื™ืคื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœืืŸ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข?
03:02
to where we need to go.
57
182903
1273
03:04
The first thing I'd like you to do is a little thought experiment.
58
184200
3096
ืื–, ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืชืขืฉื• ื”ื•ื ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ ืžื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืงื˜ืŸ.
03:07
Imagine taking all the world's books.
59
187320
1762
ืื–, ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืœืงื™ื—ืช ื›ืœ ื”ืกืคืจื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
03:09
OK, everybody imagine books and imagine just tearing out the pages.
60
189106
3510
ืื•ืงื™ื™, ื›ื•ืœื ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืกืคืจื™ื
ื•ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืจืง ืชืœื™ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืคื™ื.
03:12
So, liberating these pages
61
192640
2096
ืื–, ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ื”ื“ืคื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื•ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืื•ืชื ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืฆื™ื”, ื›ืŸ,
03:14
and imagine digitizing them and then storing them
62
194760
3256
ื•ืื– ืื™ื›ืกื•ื ื ื‘ืžืื’ืจ ืขืฆื•ื ื•ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช.
03:18
in a vast, interconnected, global repository.
63
198040
2896
03:20
Think of it as a massive iTunes for book-type content.
64
200960
5616
ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื–ื” ื›ืื™ื™ื˜ื™ื•ื ืก ืžืกื™ื‘ื™, ื›ืŸ, ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ ืฉืœ ืกืคืจื™ื.
03:26
And then take that material and imagine making it all open,
65
206600
3256
ื•ืื– ืชืงื—ื• ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ื–ื” ื•ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืืช ื›ื•ืœื• ื—ื•ืคืฉื™,
03:29
so that people can modify it, play with it, improve it.
66
209880
3056
ื›ืš ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืื•ืชื•, ืœืฉื—ืง ืื™ืชื•, ืœืฉืคืจ ืื•ืชื•.
03:32
Imagine making it free,
67
212960
1256
ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ื”ืคื™ื›ืชื• ืœื—ื•ืคืฉื™, ื›ืš ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื’ืฉืช
03:34
so that anyone in the world can have access to all of this knowledge,
68
214240
3239
ืœื›ืœ ื”ื™ื“ืข ื•ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžื™ื“ืข
03:37
and imagine using information technology
69
217503
2353
03:39
so that you can update this content, improve it, play with it,
70
219880
3336
ื›ืš ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืขื“ื›ืŸ ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ื–ื”, ืœืฉืคืจ ืื•ืชื•, ืœืฉื—ืง ืื™ืชื•,
03:43
on a timescale that's more on the order of seconds instead of years.
71
223240
4656
ื‘ืžื™ืžื“ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ื•ืช ืœื ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ื.
03:47
Instead of editions of a book coming out every two years,
72
227920
2856
ืื•ืงื™ื™, ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืžื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื›ืœ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื,
03:50
imagine them coming out every 25 seconds.
73
230800
2936
ืœืกืคืจ, ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืื•ืชืŸ ื™ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื›ืœ 25 ืฉื ื™ื•ืช.
03:53
So, imagine we could do that and imagine we could put people into this.
74
233760
4256
ืื–, ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”
ื•ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉื™ื ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื™ื˜ืคืœื• ื”ื–ื”, ื›ืŸ.
03:58
So that we could truly build an ecosystem with not just authors,
75
238040
3376
ื›ืš ืฉื‘ืืžืช ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืขื ืœื ืจืง ื”ื›ื•ืชื‘ื™ื,
04:01
but all the people who could be or want to be authors
76
241440
3576
ืืœื ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ื•ืชื‘ื™ื
04:05
in all the different languages of the world,
77
245040
2056
ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืคื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
04:07
and I think if you could do this, it would be called --
78
247120
2576
ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืื ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”, ื–ื” ื™ืงืจื, ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ,
04:09
I'm just going to refer to it as a knowledge ecosystem.
79
249720
2576
ืื ื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœื–ื” ื›ืืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข.
04:12
So, really, this is the dream,
80
252320
2096
ืื–, ื‘ืืžืช, ื–ื” ื—ืœื•ื
04:14
and in a sense what you can think of it
81
254440
1858
ื•ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื ืžื” ืฉืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื–ื”
04:16
is we're trying to enable anyone in the world,
82
256322
2143
ื–ื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
04:18
I mean anyone in the world --
83
258489
1527
ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืขื•ืœื
04:20
(Laughter)
84
260040
1216
ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”DJ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™ ืฉืœ ืขืฆืžื,
04:21
to be their own educational DJ,
85
261280
2096
04:23
creating educational materials, sharing them with the world,
86
263400
2816
ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™ื™ื, ืœื—ืœื•ืง ืื•ืชื ืขื ื”ืขื•ืœื,
04:26
constantly innovating on them.
87
266240
1736
ืžื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืื•ืชื ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ. ืื–, ื–ื” ื”ื—ืœื•ื.
04:28
So, this is the dream.
88
268000
1216
04:29
In fact, this dream is actually being realized.
89
269240
2816
ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ื—ืœื•ื ื‘ืขืฆื ืžืชืžืžืฉ, ื›ืŸ.
04:32
Over the last six-and-a-half years,
90
272080
1816
ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉืฉ ื•ื—ืฆื™ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช,
04:33
we've been working really hard at Rice University
91
273920
2656
ืขื‘ื“ื ื• ืงืฉื” ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืจื™ื™ืก
04:36
on a project called Connexions,
92
276600
1576
ืขืœ ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ืฉื ืงืจื Connexions,
04:38
and so what I'd like to do for the rest of the talk
93
278200
2416
ืื– ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ื”ืจืฆืื”
04:40
is just tell you a little bit
94
280640
1381
ื”ื•ื ืœืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ืžืขื˜ ืขืœ ืžื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื
04:42
about what people are doing with Connexions,
95
282045
2051
ืขื Connexions, ืฉืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœื™ื• ื›ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื ืงื•ื“ื” ืžืฉืœื™ืžื”
04:44
which you can kind of think of as the counterpoint
96
284120
2336
04:46
to Nicholas Negroponte's talk yesterday,
97
286480
1905
ืœื”ืจืฆืื” ืฉืœ ื ื™ืงื•ืœืก ื ื’ืจื•ืคื•ื ื˜ื” ืืชืžื•ืœ,
04:48
where they're working on the hardware of bringing education to the world.
98
288409
3429
ืฉื ื”ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื”
ืฉืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืœืขื•ืœื.
04:51
We're working on the open-source tools
99
291862
2474
ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืœื™ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื” ื”ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื ื•ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ, ืื•ืงื™ื™?
04:54
and the content.
100
294360
1536
04:55
So, that's sort of to put it in perspective here.
101
295920
2816
ืื–, ื–ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืžืขื™ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืคืจืกืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื”.
04:58
So, create.
102
298760
1576
ืื– ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ, ืื– ืžื™ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ืœื™ื ืžืกื•ื’ ื›ื–ื”?
05:00
What are some of the people that are using these kind of tools?
103
300360
2976
05:03
Well, the first thing is,
104
303360
1216
ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื
05:04
there's a community of engineering professors,
105
304600
2856
ืฉื™ืฉ ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจื™ื ืœื”ื ื“ืกื”, ืžืงื™ื™ืžื‘ืจื™ื“ื’' ืขื“ ืงื™ื•ื˜ื•,
05:07
from Cambridge to Kyoto,
106
307480
2096
05:09
who are developing engineering content in electrical engineering
107
309600
3936
ืฉืžืคืชื—ื™ื ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื ื“ืกื™ ื‘ื”ื ื“ืกืช ื—ืฉืžืœ
05:13
to develop what you can think of as a massive, super textbook
108
313560
3976
ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืชื— ืžื” ืฉืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœื™ื• ื›ืกืคืจ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืกื•ืคืจ ืžืืกื™ื‘ื™,
05:17
that covers the entire area of electrical engineering.
109
317560
2936
ื›ืŸ, ืฉืžื›ืกื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ื ื“ืกืช ื—ืฉืžืœ
05:20
And not only that --
110
320520
1216
ื•ืœื ืจืง ื–ื”, ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืชืื
05:21
it can be customized for use in each of their own individual institutions.
111
321760
4280
ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื.
ืื ืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืžื• ืงื™ื˜ื™ ื’'ื•ื ืก -- ื›ืŸ, ื ื—ื‘ืืช ืืœ ื”ื›ืœื™ื--
05:27
If people like Kitty Jones, a shut-out --
112
327120
3456
05:30
a private music teacher and mom from Champagne, Illinois,
113
330600
4376
ืžื•ืจื” ืคืจื˜ื™ืช ืœืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ื•ืืžื ืžืฉืžืคื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืœื™ื ื•ื™,
05:35
who wanted to share her fantastic music content with the world,
114
335000
3376
ืฉืจืฆืชื” ืœื—ืœื•ืง ืืช ื”ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ื”ื ืคืœืื” ืฉืœื” ืขื ื”ืขื•ืœื,
05:38
on how to teach kids how to play music --
115
338400
2256
ืขืœ ืื™ืš ืœืœืžื“ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืœื ื’ืŸ.
05:40
Her material is now used over 600,000 times per month.
116
340680
5456
ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ืฉืœื” ื ืžืฆื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ 600,000 ืคืขื ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ.
05:46
Tremendous use.
117
346160
1496
ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืื“ื™ืจ, ืื“ื™ืจ.
05:47
In fact, a lot of this use coming from United States K-12 schools,
118
347680
4256
ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืžื’ื™ืข ืžืืจื”"ื‘, ื‘ื‘ืชื—-ืกืคืจ ืžื’ืŸ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืขื“ ื’ื™ืœ 12
05:51
because anyone who's involved in a school scale back,
119
351960
4416
ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืžืขื•ืจื‘ ื‘ืงื™ืฆื•ืฅ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ,
05:56
the first thing that's cut is the music curriculum.
120
356400
2656
ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื ื—ืชืš ื”ื•ื ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื”
05:59
And so this is just indicating the tremendous thirst
121
359080
2496
ืื– ื–ื” ืจืง ืžืœืžื“ ืขืœ ื”ืฆืžื ื”ืื“ื™ืจ
06:01
for this kind of open, free content.
122
361600
2136
ืœืกื•ื’ ื›ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืคืชื•ื— ื•ื—ื•ืคืฉื™.
06:03
A lot of teachers are using this stuff.
123
363760
2376
ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื–ื”. ืื•ืงื™ื™, ืžื” ืขื ื—ื™ืชื•ืš?
06:06
What about ripping? What about copying, reusing?
124
366160
3056
ืžื” ืขื ื”ืขืชืงื”, ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืžื—ื“ืฉ, ื›ืŸ?
06:09
A team of volunteers at the University of Texas at El Paso --
125
369240
3416
ืฆื•ื•ืช ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืืœ-ืคืืกื• ื˜ืงืกืก,
06:12
graduate students translating this engineering super textbook ideas.
126
372680
4856
ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื” ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืžืชืจื’ืžื™ื ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืกื•ืคืจ ืกืคืจ ื‘ื”ื ื“ืกื”
06:17
And within about a week,
127
377560
1616
ื•ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื‘ืขืจืš, ื–ื” ื™ื”ืคืš ืœื—ืœืง ืžื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
06:19
having this be some of our most popular material
128
379200
2336
06:21
in widespread use all over Latin America, and in particular in Mexico,
129
381560
4376
ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื ืจื—ื‘ ื‘ื›ืœ ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื”ืœื˜ื™ื ื™ืช ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืžืงืกื™ืงื•,
06:25
because of the open, extensible nature of this.
130
385960
2816
ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืื•ืคื™ ื”ืคืชื•ื— ื•ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื–ื”.
06:28
People, volunteers and even companies
131
388800
2816
ืื ืฉื™ื, ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช
06:31
that are translating materials into Asian languages
132
391640
2616
ืฉืžืชืจื’ืžื™ื ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืœืฉืคื•ืช ืืกื™ืืชื™ื•ืช
06:34
like Chinese, Japanese and Thai,
133
394280
2176
ื›ืžื• ืกื™ื ื™ืช, ื™ืคื ื™ืช ื•ืชืื™ืœื ื“ื™ืช,
06:36
to spread the knowledge even further.
134
396480
3400
ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื™ืฅ ืขื•ื“ ืืช ื”ื™ื“ืข.
06:40
OK, what about people who are mixing?
135
400760
1776
ืื•ืงื™ื™, ืžื” ืขื ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืขืจื‘ื‘ื™ื? ืžื” ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืœืขืจื‘ื‘?
06:42
What does "mixing" mean?
136
402560
1176
06:43
"Mixing" means building customized courses,
137
403760
2016
ืœืขืจื‘ื‘ ืื•ืžืจ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืงื•ืจืกื™ื ืžื•ืชืืžื™ื,
06:45
means building customized books.
138
405800
3496
ืื•ืžืจ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืกืคืจื™ื ืžื•ืชืืžื™ื.
06:49
Companies like National Instruments,
139
409320
1736
ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื ืฉื™ื•ื ืœ ืื™ื ืกื˜ืจื•ืžื ื˜ืก,
06:51
who are embedding very powerful, interactive simulations
140
411080
5096
ืฉืžื˜ืžื™ืขื™ื ื”ื“ืžื™ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ื—ื–ืงื•ืช ื•ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืœืชื•ืš ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื,
06:56
into the materials,
141
416200
1176
06:57
so that we can go way beyond our regular kind of textbook
142
417400
2936
ื›ืš ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืกืคืจ ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ
07:00
to an experience
143
420360
1216
ืœื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉื›ืœ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื,
07:01
that all the teaching materials are things you can actually interact with
144
421600
3936
ืืคืฉืจ ืœืชืงืฉืจ ืื™ืชื ื•ืœืฉื—ืง ืื™ืชื
07:05
and play around with and actually learn as you do.
145
425560
3936
ื•ื‘ืขืฆื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ืขืฉื™ื” ืฉืœ ื–ื”.
07:09
We've been working with Teachers Without Borders,
146
429520
2336
ืขื‘ื“ื ื• ืขื ืžื•ืจื™ื ืœืœื ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช
07:11
who are very interested in mixing our materials.
147
431880
2239
ืฉืžืื•ื“ ืžืชืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืœืขืจื‘ื‘ ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื.
ื”ื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘Connexions ื›ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื” ืฉืœื”ื
07:14
They're going to be using Connexions as their platform
148
434143
2673
07:16
to develop and deliver teaching materials for teaching teachers how to teach
149
436840
5216
ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื•ืืกืคืงื” ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื”ื•ืจืื”
ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืื™ืš ืœืœืžื“
07:22
in 84 countries around the world.
150
442080
2576
ื‘84 ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืขื•ืœื.
07:24
TWB is currently in Iraq,
151
444680
3216
ืžื•ืจื™ื ืœืœื ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื›ืจื’ืข ื‘ืขื™ืจืืง ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื 20,000 ืžื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื—ืกื•ืช USAID
07:27
training 20,000 teachers supported by USAID.
152
447920
4536
07:32
And to them, this idea of being able to remix
153
452480
2816
ื•ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื, ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืขืจื‘ื‘ ืžื—ื“ืฉ
07:35
and customize to the local context is extraordinarily important,
154
455320
4656
ื•ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืœื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ื”ื•ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื•ื“,
07:40
because just providing free content to people
155
460000
2736
ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืจืง ืœืกืคืง ื—ื•ืžืจ ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ ืœืื ืฉื™ื
07:42
has actually been likened by people in the developing world
156
462760
3016
ืžืชืงืฉืจ ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืชืคืชื—
07:45
to a kind of cultural imperialism --
157
465800
2336
ืœืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืื™ืžืคืจื™ืืœื™ื–ื ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™,
07:48
that if you don't empower people
158
468160
1536
ื›ืš ืฉืื ืœื ืชืชื ื• ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื—
07:49
with the ability to re-contextualize the material,
159
469720
2376
ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ,
07:52
translate it into their own language and take ownership of it,
160
472120
3176
ืœืชืจื’ื ืื•ืชื• ืœืฉืคื” ืฉืœื”ื ื•ืœืงื—ืช ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืขืœื™ื•,
07:55
it's not good.
161
475320
1736
ื–ื” ืœื ื˜ื•ื‘.
07:57
OK, other organizations we've been working with, UC Merced --
162
477080
4376
ืื•ืงื™ื™, ืื™ืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืขื‘ื“ื ื• ืื™ืชื ื”ื™ื• UC ืžืจืกื“,
08:01
people know about UC Merced.
163
481480
1776
ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืช UC ืžืจืกื“
08:03
It's a new university in California, in the Central Valley,
164
483280
3896
ื–ื• ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื‘ืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื”, ื‘ืขืžืง ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™,
08:07
working very closely with community colleges.
165
487200
2736
ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ื‘ืฆืžื•ื“ ืœืงื•ืœื’'ื™ื ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื.
08:09
They're actually developing
166
489960
1336
ื”ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžืคืชื—ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื”ืžื“ืข ืฉืœื”ื ื•ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ื”ื”ื ื“ืกื™
08:11
a lot of their science and engineering curriculum
167
491320
2296
08:13
to spread widely around the world in our system.
168
493640
4496
ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื™ืฅ ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืขื•ืœื ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉืœื ื•
08:18
And they're also trying to develop all of their software tools
169
498160
2905
ื•ื”ื ื’ื ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืคืชื— ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืœื™ ืชื•ื›ื ื” ื‘ืงื•ื“ ืคืชื•ื— ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ.
08:21
completely open-source.
170
501089
1407
08:22
We've been working with AMD, which has a project called 50x15,
171
502520
4736
ืขื‘ื“ื ื• ืขื AMD ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ืฉื ืงืจื 50 ืขื“ 15.
08:27
which is trying to bring Internet connectivity
172
507280
2736
ืฉืžื ืกื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
08:30
to 50 percent of the world's population by 2015.
173
510040
3616
ืœื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ืื—ื•ื– ืžืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืขื“ 2015.
08:33
We're going to be providing content to them
174
513680
2016
ืื ื• ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœืกืคืง ืœื”ื ืชื•ื›ืŸ
08:35
in a whole range of different languages.
175
515720
2136
ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ืฉืคื•ืช,
08:37
And we've also been working with a number of other organizations.
176
517880
3096
ื•ื’ื ืขื‘ื“ื ื• ืขื ืžืกืคืจ ืื™ืจื’ื•ื ื™ื.
08:41
In particular, a bunch of the projects that are funded by Hewlett Foundation,
177
521000
4016
ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“, ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉืœ ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื
ืฉืžืžื•ืžื ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืงืจืŸ ื”ื™ื•ืœื˜,
08:45
who have taken a real leadership role in this area of open content.
178
525040
4456
ืฉืœืงื—ื• ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื•ืชื™ ืืžื™ืชื™ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืคืชื•ื—.
08:49
OK, burn -- I think this is, sort of, quite interesting.
179
529520
3576
ืื•ืงื™ื™, ืฆืจื™ื‘ื”, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ, ื“ื™ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ.
08:53
"Burn" is the idea of trying to create the physical instantiation
180
533120
4256
ืฆืจื™ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื™ืžื“ ื”ืคื™ืกื™ ืฉืœ ืื—ื“ ื”ืงื•ืจืกื™ื ื”ืืœื”
08:57
of one of these courses.
181
537400
1216
08:58
And I think a lot of you received --
182
538640
2056
ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื›ื ืงื™ื‘ืœืชื,
09:00
I think all of you received one of these music books in your gift pack.
183
540720
5856
ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื›ื•ืœื›ื ืงื™ื‘ืœืชื ืื—ื“ ืžืกืคืจื™ ื”ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ื”ืืœื” ื‘ื—ื‘ื™ืœืช ื”ืฉื™ ืฉืœื›ื.
09:06
A little present for you.
184
546600
1456
ืžืชื ื” ืงื˜ื ื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื›ื.
09:08
Just to tell you quickly about it: this is an engineering textbook.
185
548080
3496
ืจืง ืœืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ื‘ื–ืจื™ื–ื•ืช ืขืœ ื–ื”, ื–ื” ืกืคืจ ื”ื ื“ืกื”.
09:11
It's about 300 pages long, hardbound.
186
551600
3640
ื”ื•ื ื‘ืื•ืจืš 300 ืขืžื•ื“ื™ื, ื‘ื›ืจื™ื›ื” ืงืฉื”.
09:16
This costs -- anybody guess?
187
556200
2320
ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ, ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื ื—ืฉ?
09:20
How much would it cost in a bookstore?
188
560320
2056
ื›ืžื” ื”ื•ื ื™ืขืœื” ื‘ื—ื ื•ืช ืกืคืจื™ื?
09:22
(Audience) 65 dollars.
189
562400
1216
ืงื”ืœ: 65 ื“ื•ืœืจ.
09:23
Richard Baraniuk: OK. This costs 22 dollars to the student.
190
563640
4736
ืจื™ืฆ'ืืจื“ ื‘ืจื ื™ื•ืง: ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืœื” 22 ื“ื•ืœืจ ืœืชืœืžื™ื“.
09:28
Why does it cost 22 dollars?
191
568400
1336
ื•ืœืžื” ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืœื” 22 ื“ื•ืœืจ?
09:29
Because it's published on demand
192
569760
1976
ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืคื•ืจืกื ืœืคื™ ื“ืจื™ืฉื”
09:31
and it's developed from this repository of open materials.
193
571760
3536
ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืคื•ืชื— ืžื”ืžืื’ืจ ื”ืคืชื•ื— ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื.
09:35
If this book were to be published by a regular publisher,
194
575320
2696
ืื ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืฆื ืœืื•ืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื•ืฆืื” ืจื’ื™ืœื”,
09:38
it would cost at least 122 dollars.
195
578040
3176
ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืขื•ืœื” 122 ื“ื•ืœืจ ืœืคื—ื•ืช.
09:41
So what we're seeing
196
581240
1216
ืื•ืงื™ื™, ืื– ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื”ื•ื ื”ื–ื–ืช ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืฆืจื™ื‘ื” ื”ื–ื”
09:42
is moving this burning or publication process
197
582480
2896
ืื• ื”ื”ื•ืฆืื” ืœืื•ืจ ืžืกื•ื’ ื”ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“,
09:45
from the regular, sort of single-authored book
198
585400
3496
09:48
towards community-authored materials
199
588920
2376
ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื ื›ืชื‘ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื”
09:51
that are modular, that are customized to each individual class
200
591320
3736
ืฉื”ื ืžื•ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื™ื, ืฉืžื•ืชืืžื™ื ืœื›ืœ ื›ื™ืชื”
09:55
and published on demand very inexpensively,
201
595080
2656
ื•ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืœืื•ืจ ืœืคื™ ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื–ื•ืœื”,
09:57
either pushed out through Amazon
202
597760
2496
ืื• ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืืžื–ื•ืŸ, ื›ืŸ,
10:00
or published directly through an on-demand press, like QOOP.
203
600280
4176
ืื• ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืœืื•ืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื“ืคื•ืก ืœืคื™ ื“ืจื™ืฉื”, ื›ืžื• Coop.
10:04
And I think that this is an extraordinarily interesting area
204
604480
3416
ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” ืชื—ื•ื ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืื•ื“
10:07
because there is tremendous area under this long tail in publishing.
205
607920
5816
ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืื–ื•ืจ ืื“ื™ืจ ืžืชื—ืช ืœื–ื ื‘ ื”ืืจื•ืš ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืคืฆื”.
10:13
We're not talking about the Harry Potter end,
206
613760
2136
ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืกื•ืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ืืจื™ ืคื•ื˜ืจ, ืžืฉืžืืœ.
10:15
right at the left side.
207
615920
1216
10:17
We're talking about books
208
617160
1216
ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืกืคืจื™ื ื‘ืžืฉื•ื•ืื•ืช ื”ื™ืคืจ ื’ืื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืคืจื ืฆื™ืืœื™ื ื—ืœืงื™ื™ื.
10:18
on hypergeometric partial differential equations.
209
618400
2616
10:21
Books that might sell 100 copies a year, 1,000 copies a year.
210
621040
4296
ื˜ื•ื‘, ืกืคืจื™ื ืฉืื•ืœื™ ื™ืžื›ืจื• ื‘100 ืขื•ืชืงื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื”, 1000 ืขื•ืชืงื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื”.
10:25
There is tremendous sustaining revenue under this long tail
211
625360
4856
ื™ืฉ ื”ื›ื ืกื” ืงื‘ื•ืขื” ืขื ืงื™ืช, ื›ืŸ,
ืžืชื—ืช ืœื–ื ื‘ ื”ืืจื•ืš ื”ื–ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืฉืœื ื•,
10:30
to sustain open projects like ours,
212
630240
2416
10:32
but also to sustain this new emergence of on-demand publishers,
213
632680
4856
ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ื”ื–ื• ืฉืœ ืžื•ืฆื™ืื™ื ืœืื•ืจ ืœืคื™ ื“ืจื™ืฉื”,
10:37
like QOOP, who produced these two books.
214
637560
2296
ื›ืžื• Coop ืฉืžื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื ืืช ืฉื ื™ ื”ืกืคืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”,
10:39
And I think one of the things that you should take away from this talk
215
639880
3286
ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืื—ื“ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืงื—ืช ืื™ืชื›ื ืžื”ื”ืจืฆืื” ื”ื–ื•,
10:43
is that there's an impending cut-out-the-middle-man disintermediation,
216
643190
4026
ื–ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืžืžืฉืžืฉ ื•ื‘ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ืฉ ืฉื‘ืืžืฆืข, ื›ืŸ.
ื“ื™ืกืื™ื ื˜ืจืžื“ื™ืืฆื™ื”, ื–ื” ืขื•ืžื“ ืœืงืจื•ืช ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ื”ื•ืฆืื” ืœืื•ืจ
10:47
that's going to be happening in the publishing industry.
217
647240
2656
10:49
And it's going to reach a crescendo over the next few years,
218
649920
2856
ื•ื–ื” ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืงืจืฉื ื“ื• ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช,
10:52
and I think that it's for our benefit, really, and for the world's benefit.
219
652800
3816
ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืชื ื• ื‘ืืžืช, ื•ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื.
10:56
OK, so what are the enablers?
220
656640
1656
ืื•ืงื™ื™, ืื– ืžื” ื”ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื?
10:58
What's really making all of this happen?
221
658320
1936
ืžื” ื‘ืขืฆื ื’ื•ืจื ืœื–ื” ืœืงืจื•ืช?
11:00
There's tons of technology,
222
660280
1616
ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”,
11:01
and the only piece of technology that I really want to talk about is XML.
223
661920
3856
ื•ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืื ื™ ื‘ืืžืช ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื• ื”ื•ื XML.
11:05
How many people know about XML?
224
665800
1736
ื›ืžื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื” ื–ื” XML?
11:07
Oh, great.
225
667560
1216
11:08
So it's the future of the web, right?
226
668800
1776
ืื•ื”, ื ืคืœื, ืื– ื–ื” ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉืช, ื›ืŸ.
11:10
It's semantic representation of content.
227
670600
4376
ื–ื” ื”ื”ืฆื’ื” ื”ืกืžื ื˜ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขืจื•ืช, ืชื•ื›ืŸ,
11:15
And what you can really think of XML in this case
228
675000
2376
ื•ืžื” ืฉืืชื ื‘ืืžืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื“ืžื•ืช ืืœื™ื• XML ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ื–ื”,
11:17
is it's the packaging that we're putting around these pages.
229
677400
2896
ืฉื–ื” ื”ืขื˜ื™ืคื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฉืžื™ื ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœื“ืคื™ื.
11:20
Remember we took the book, tore the pages out?
230
680320
2256
ื–ื•ื›ืจื™ื ืœืงื—ื ื• ืกืคืจ, ื•ืงืจืขื ื• ืืช ื“ืคื™ื•?
11:22
Well, what the XML is going to do
231
682600
1896
ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืžื” ืฉื”XML ื™ืขืฉื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ --
11:24
is it's going to turn those pages into Lego blocks.
232
684520
4336
ื”ื•ื ื™ื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ื“ืคื™ื ื”ืืœื• ืœืœื‘ื ื™ ืœื’ื•, ื˜ื•ื‘.
11:28
XML are the nubs on the Lego
233
688880
1896
XML ื”ื ื”ื‘ืœื™ื˜ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืœื’ื•
11:30
that allow us to combine the content together in a myriad different ways,
234
690800
4056
ืฉืžืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื ื• ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื“ืจื›ื™ื
11:34
and it provides us a framework to share content.
235
694880
3496
ื•ื–ื” ืžืกืคืง ืœื ื• ืฉืœื“ ืœืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ.
11:38
So, it lets you take this ecosystem
236
698400
3296
ืื–, ื–ื” ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื–ื•, ื˜ื•ื‘,
11:41
in its primordial state of all this content,
237
701720
2576
ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ ืฉืœื”, ื˜ื•ื‘, ืœื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืฉืœื”,
11:44
all the pages you've torn out of books,
238
704320
1858
ื›ืœ ื”ื“ืคื™ื ืฉืงืจืขืชื ืžื”ืกืคืจื™ื
11:46
and create highly sophisticated learning machines:
239
706202
3974
ื•ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืžื›ื•ื ืช ืœืžื™ื“ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžืชื•ื—ื›ืžืช, ื›ืŸ?
11:50
books, courses, course packs.
240
710200
2736
ืกืคืจื™ื, ืงื•ืจืกื™ื, ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืงื•ืจืกื™ื, ืื•ืงื™ื™,
11:52
It gives you the ability to personalize the learning experience
241
712960
3696
ื–ื” ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื›ื ืืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืืช ื—ื•ื•ื™ืช ื”ืœืžื™ื“ื”
11:56
to each individual student,
242
716680
1696
ืœื›ืœ ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜, ื›ืŸ,
11:58
so that every student can have a book or a course
243
718400
2656
ื›ืš ืฉืœื›ืœ ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืกืคืจ ืื• ืงื•ืจืก
12:01
that's customized to their learning style, their context,
244
721080
3456
ืฉืžื•ืชืื ืœืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืœืžื™ื“ื” ืฉืœื”ื, ืœื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœื”ื,
12:04
their language and the things that excite them.
245
724560
2736
ืœืฉืคื” ืฉืœื”ื ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืžืจื’ืฉื™ื ืื•ืชื.
12:07
It lets you reuse the same materials in multiple different ways,
246
727320
3616
ื–ื” ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื›ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืื•ืชื ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื•ืช,
12:10
and surprising new ways.
247
730960
1976
ื•ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื•ืžืคืชื™ืขื•ืช.
12:12
It lets you interconnect ideas,
248
732960
1936
ื–ื” ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื›ื ืœื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช
12:14
indicating how fields relate to each other.
249
734920
4176
ื•ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืื™ืš ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื, ื›ืŸ, ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืื—ื“ ืœืฉื ื™,
12:19
And I'll just give you my personal story.
250
739120
2256
ื•ืื ื™ ืจืง ืืชืŸ ืœื›ื ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœื™.
12:21
We came up with this six-and-a-half years ago
251
741400
2496
ื”ืขืœื ื• ืืช ื–ื”, ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืฉ ื•ื—ืฆื™ ืฉื ื™ื
12:23
because I teach the stuff in the red box.
252
743920
2616
ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื ื™ ืžืœืžื“ ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืงื•ืคืกื” ื”ืื“ื•ืžื”.
12:26
And my day job, as Chris said -- I'm an electrical engineering professor.
253
746560
3776
ื•ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™, ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ืจื™ืก ืืžืจ, ืื ื™ ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจ ืœื”ื ื“ืกืช ื—ืฉืžืœ.
12:30
I teach signal processing
254
750360
1656
ืื ื™ ืžืœืžื“ ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืื•ืชื•ืช
12:32
and my challenge was to show that this math --
255
752040
2536
ื•ื”ืืชื’ืจ ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืฉื”ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื” ื”ื–ื• --
12:34
Wow, about half of you have already fallen asleep
256
754600
2336
ื•ื•ืื•, ื‘ืขืจืš ื—ืฆื™ ืžื›ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื ืจื“ืžืชื ืจืง ืžืœื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ืžืฉื•ื•ืื” --
12:36
just looking at the equation.
257
756960
1456
12:38
(Laughter)
258
758440
1176
(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
12:39
But this seemingly dry math
259
759640
1456
ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื” ื”ื™ื‘ืฉื” ื”ื–ื• ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ืขืฆื ื”ืžืจื›ื–
12:41
is actually the center of this tremendously powerful web
260
761120
4336
ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉืช ื”ื—ื–ืงื” ื”ื–ื• ืฉืžืงืฉืจืช ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” --
12:45
that links technology --
261
765480
1696
12:47
that links really cool applications like music synthesizers
262
767200
3736
ืฉื‘ืืžืช ืžืงืฉืจืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื ืžื’ื ื™ื‘ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืกื™ื ื˜ื™ืกื™ื™ื–ืจื™ื ืœืžื•ื–ื™ืงื”
12:50
to tremendous economic opportunities,
263
770960
3136
ืขื ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื•ืช ืื“ื™ืจื•ืช,
12:54
but also governed by intellectual property.
264
774120
2136
ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ื ืฉืœื˜ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืจื•ื—ื ื™.
12:56
And the thing that I realized
265
776280
1416
ื•ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ื”ื•ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื“ืจืš ืฉืื ื™, ื‘ืกื“ืจ,
12:57
is there was no way that I, as an engineer,
266
777720
2256
ื›ืžื”ื ื“ืก, ืื•ื›ืœ ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื–ื” ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื–ื”.
13:00
could write this book that would get all of this across.
267
780000
2620
13:02
We needed a community to do it
268
782644
1429
ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”
13:04
and we needed new tools to be able to interconnect these ideas.
269
784097
4039
ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื›ืœื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”,
13:08
And I think that really, in a sense, what we're trying to do
270
788160
2856
ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื‘ืืžืช, ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื, ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช
ื”ื•ื ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ื—ืœื•ื ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ืกืงื™ ืœืžืฆื™ืื•ืช,
13:11
is make Minsky's dream come to a reality,
271
791040
1976
13:13
where you can imagine all the books in a library
272
793040
2256
ื‘ื” ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืกืคืจื™ื ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื™ื”
13:15
actually starting to talk to each other.
273
795320
1936
ื‘ืขืฆื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืฉื ื™, ื›ืŸ,
13:17
And people who are teachers out here -- whoever taught, you know this --
274
797280
3696
ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื ืžื•ืจื™ื ืฉื ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ,
ืžื™ ืฉืœื™ืžื“, ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืืช ื–ื”.
13:21
it's the interconnections between ideas that teaching is really all about.
275
801000
4496
ืฉื”ื”ื•ืจืื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ืขืฆื ืขืœ ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช .
13:25
OK, back to math.
276
805520
2056
ืื•ืงื™ื™, ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื”, ื›ืŸ, ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื•, ื–ื” ืืคืฉืจื™.
13:27
Imagine -- this is possible:
277
807600
2496
13:30
that every single equation that you click on in one of your new e-texts
278
810120
4576
ืฉื›ืœ ืžืฉื•ื•ืื” ืฉืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืงืœื™ืง ืขืœื™ื” ื‘ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ื™ื ื”ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ื™ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื›ื
13:34
is something that you're going to be able to explore and experiment with.
279
814720
3736
ื”ื™ื ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ื•ืœื ืกื•ืช.
13:38
So imagine your kid's algebra textbook in seventh grade.
280
818480
3536
ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ืื– ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืืช ืกืคืจ ื”ืืœื’ื‘ืจื” ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“ื›ื, ื˜ื•ื‘, ื‘ื›ื™ืชื” ื–'.
13:42
You can click on every single equation
281
822040
1896
ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืงืœื™ืง ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืžืฉื•ื•ืื”
13:43
and bring up a little tool to be able to experiment with it,
282
823960
2856
ื•ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ื›ืœื™ ืงื˜ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื ืกื•ืช ืื™ืชื”,
13:46
tinker with it, understand it.
283
826840
1856
ืœืฉื—ืง ืื™ืชื”, ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื”,
13:48
Because we really don't understand until we do.
284
828720
2736
ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืืžืช ืœื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืขื“ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื–ื”.
13:51
The same type of mark-up, like MathML, for chemistry.
285
831480
4176
ืื•ืชื• ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืกื™ืžื•ืŸ, ื›ืžื• mathML, ืœื›ื™ืžื™ื”.
13:55
Imagine chemistry textbooks
286
835680
1296
ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืกืคืจื™ ื›ื™ืžื™ื” ืฉื‘ืืžืช ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื
13:57
that actually understand the structure of how molecules are formed.
287
837000
4216
ืืช ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ื‘ื• ื”ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœื•ืช ื ื•ืฆืจื•ืช.
14:01
Imagine Music XML
288
841240
1936
ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• XML ืœืžื•ื–ื™ืงื”
14:03
that actually lets you delve into the semantic structure of music,
289
843200
3416
ืฉืžืžืฉ ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื›ื ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืกืžื ื˜ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื”,
14:06
play with it, understand it.
290
846640
1816
ืฉื—ืงื• ืื™ืชื•, ืชื‘ื™ื ื• ืื•ืชื•.
14:08
It's no wonder that everybody's getting into it, right?
291
848480
3176
ืื™ืŸ ืคืœื ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœื–ื”, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
14:11
Even the three wise men.
292
851680
1256
ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื—ื›ืžื™ื.
14:12
(Laughter)
293
852960
1176
(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
14:14
OK, the second big enabler, and this is where I told a big lie.
294
854160
5536
ืื•ืงื™ื™, ื”ืžืืคืฉืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ืฉื ื™, ื•ืคื” ืกื™ืคืจืชื™ ืฉืงืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ.
14:19
The second big enabler is intellectual property.
295
859720
3136
ื”ืžืืคืฉืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื”ื•ื ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืจื•ื—ื ื™,
14:22
Because, in fact, I got up here
296
862880
1496
ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ื’ืขืชื™ ืœืฉื
14:24
and I talked about how great the music culture is.
297
864400
2336
ื•ื“ื™ื‘ืจืชื™ ืขืœ ื›ืžื” ื ืคืœืื” ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื”.
14:26
We can share and rip, mix and burn, but in fact, that's all illegal.
298
866760
3616
ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืชืฃ ื•ื—ืชื•ืš ื•ืœืขืจื‘ื‘ ื•ืœืฆืจื•ื‘, ืื‘ืœ ืœืžืขืฉื” ื–ื” ืœื ื—ื•ืงื™.
14:30
And we would be accused of [piracy] for doing that,
299
870400
3376
ื˜ื•ื‘, ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื•ืืฉื ื‘ืคื™ืจืื˜ื™ื•ืช ืื ื ืขืฉื” ืืช ื–ื”, ื›ืŸ,
14:33
because this music has been propertized.
300
873800
3336
ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืงื ื™ื™ื ื™ืช.
14:37
It's now owned, much of it by big industries.
301
877160
4296
ื”ื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืฉื™ื™ื›ืช, ื›ืŸ, ืจื•ื‘ื” ืœืชืขืฉื™ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช.
14:41
So, really, the key thing here is we can't let this happen.
302
881480
2762
ืื–, ื‘ืืžืช, ื”ืžืคืชื— ื›ืืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœื–ื” ืœืงืจื•ืช.
14:44
We can't let this Napster thing happen here.
303
884266
2710
ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœื ืืคืกื˜ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืœืงืจื•ืช ื›ืืŸ.
14:47
So, what we have to do is get it right from the very beginning.
304
887000
2953
ืื–, ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืžื”ื”ืชื—ืœื”
14:49
And what we have to do is find an intellectual property framework
305
889977
3399
ื•ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช
ื–ื” ืœืžืฆื•ื ืชื‘ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืœื‘ื˜ื•ื—,
14:53
that makes sharing safe and makes it easily understandable.
306
893400
5056
ื•ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืื•ืชื• ืœืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื‘ืงืœื•ืช,
14:58
And the inspiration here is taken from open-source software.
307
898480
3816
ื•ื”ืฉืื™ืคื•ืช ื›ืืŸ ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืžืชื•ื›ื ื” ื‘ืงื•ื“ ืคืชื•ื—,
15:02
Things like Linux and the GPL.
308
902320
3576
ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ืœื™ื ื•ืงืก ื•ื”GPL.
15:05
The Creative Commons licenses.
309
905920
2381
ื•ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช, ืจืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืงืจื™ืื˜ื™ื‘ ืงื•ืžื•ื ืก.
15:08
How many people have heard of creative commons?
310
908325
2191
ื›ืžื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืขื• ืขืœ ืงืจื™ืื™ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ ืงื•ืžื•ื ืก?
15:10
If you have not, you must learn about it.
311
910540
1956
ืื ืœื ืฉืžืขืชื, ืืชื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ื–ื”. Creativecommons.org.
15:12
Creativecommons.org.
312
912520
1576
15:14
At the bottom of every piece of material in Connexions
313
914120
3336
ื‘ืชื—ืชื™ืช ื›ืœ ื—ื•ืžืจ ื‘Connexions
15:17
and in lots of other projects,
314
917480
1856
ื•ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื, ืชืžืฆืื• ืืช ื”ืœื•ื’ื• ืฉืœื”ื.
15:19
you can find their logo.
315
919360
1576
15:20
Clicking on that logo takes you to an absolute no-nonsense,
316
920960
3576
ื”ืงืœืงื” ืขืœ ื”ืœื•ื’ื• ื”ื–ื” ืชื™ืงื— ืืชื›ื ืœืžืกืžืš
15:24
human-readable document, a deed,
317
924560
3136
ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืœืœื ืฉื˜ื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ืงืจื™ื ืœืื“ื,
15:27
that tells you exactly what you can do with this content.
318
927720
2667
ื”ืกื›ื ืฉืื•ืžืจ ืœื›ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื” ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืขื ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื–ื”.
15:30
In fact, you're free to share it, to do all of these things:
319
930411
3605
ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืืชื ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ื™ื, ื›ืŸ, ืœื—ืœื•ืง ืื•ืชื•, ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื,
15:34
to copy it, to change it, even to make commercial use of it,
320
934040
3056
ืœื”ืขืชื™ืง ืื•ืชื•, ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืื•ืชื•, ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืžืกื—ืจื™ ื‘ื•
15:37
as long as you attribute the author.
321
937120
2896
ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ืืชื ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ.
15:40
Because in academic publishing and much of educational publishing,
322
940040
4416
ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ืคืจืกื•ื ืืงื“ืžื™
ื•ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื”ืคืจืกื•ืžื™ื ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื™ื,
15:44
it's really this idea of sharing knowledge
323
944480
4336
ื–ื” ื‘ืขืฆื ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื”ื™ื“ืข, ื–ื• ื”ืกื™ื‘ื”, ื•ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข,
15:48
and making impact.
324
948840
1296
15:50
That's why people write, not necessarily making bucks.
325
950160
3856
ื–ื• ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื›ื•ืชื‘ื™ื, ืœื ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืกืฃ.
15:54
We're not talking about Harry Potter, right?
326
954040
2096
ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืืจื™ ืคื•ื˜ืจ, ื›ืŸ,
15:56
We're at the long tail end here.
327
956160
1696
ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืงืฆื” ื”ื–ื ื‘ ื”ืืจื•ืš ืคื”.
15:57
Behind that is the legal code, very carefully constructed.
328
957880
4656
ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืงื•ื“ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™, ื›ืŸ,
ืื– ืื ืชืจืฆื• ื‘ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื” ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”,
16:02
And Creative Commons is taking off --
329
962560
1856
ื•ืงืจื™ืื™ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ ืงื•ืžื•ื ืก ืžืชื—ื–ืง, ื›ืŸ.
16:04
over 43 million things out there,
330
964440
4136
ืžืขืœ ืœ43 ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ,
16:08
licensed with a Creative Commons license.
331
968600
2096
ืžื•ืจืฉื™ื ื‘ืจืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืงืจื™ืื™ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ ืงื•ืžื•ื ืก.
16:10
Not just text,
332
970720
3096
ืœื ืจืง ื˜ืงืกื˜, ื’ื ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื”, ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช, ื•ื™ื“ืื•
16:13
but music, images, video.
333
973840
2496
16:16
And there's actually a tremendous uptake
334
976360
2016
ื•ื™ืฉ ืœืžืขืฉื” ืขืœื™ื” ื—ื“ื”
16:18
of the number of people that are actually licensing music
335
978400
3456
ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืจืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืœืžื•ื–ื™ืงื”
16:21
to make it free for people who do this whole idea of re-sampling,
336
981880
3216
ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ืช ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืกื™ืžืคื•ืœ ืžื—ื“ืฉ,
16:25
ripping, mixing, burning and sharing.
337
985120
2136
ื—ื™ืชื•ืš, ืขืจื‘ื•ื‘ ืฆืจื™ื‘ื” ื•ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ.
16:27
OK, I'd like to conclude with just the last few points.
338
987280
3696
ืื– ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืกื™ื™ื ืขื ื›ืžื” ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช.
16:31
So, we've built this idea of a commons.
339
991000
2376
ืื–, ื‘ื ื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืœื›ื•ืœื. ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื•.
16:33
People are using it.
340
993400
1896
16:35
We get over 500,000 unique visitors per month, just to our particular site.
341
995320
6296
ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืžืขืœ 500,000 ืžื‘ืงืจื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ, ืจืง ื”ืืชืจ ืฉืœื ื•.
16:41
MIT OpenCourseWare, which is another large open-content site,
342
1001640
4056
ื”ืงื•ืจืกื™ื ื”ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ MIT, ืฉื”ื•ื ืืชืจ ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ ื ื•ืกืฃ,
16:45
gets a similar number of hits.
343
1005720
2216
ืžืงื‘ืœ ืžืกืคืจ ื›ื ื™ืกื•ืช ื“ื•ืžื”, ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื’ื™ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื–ื”?
16:47
But how do we protect this?
344
1007960
1656
16:49
How do we protect it into the future?
345
1009640
1776
ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื’ื™ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื–ื” ืœืขืชื™ื“
16:51
And the first thing that people are probably thinking
346
1011440
2736
ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื›ื ืจืื” ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื”ื•ื ื‘ืงืจืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช, ื›ืŸ.
16:54
is quality control, right?
347
1014200
1616
16:55
Because we're saying that anybody can contribute things to this commons.
348
1015840
4696
ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืชืจื•ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื
ืœืžืื’ืจ. ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืชืจื•ื ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ,
17:00
Anybody can contribute anything.
349
1020560
2816
17:03
So that could be a problem.
350
1023400
2536
ืื– ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ื”.
17:05
It didn't take long until people started contributing materials,
351
1025960
4216
ืื–, ื–ื” ืœื ืœืงื— ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ, ื›ืŸ,
ืขื“ ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื—ืœื• ืœืชืจื•ื ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืขืœ ืœื‘ื ื™ ื ืฉื™ื,
17:10
for example, on lingerie,
352
1030200
2136
17:12
which is actually a pretty good module.
353
1032360
1976
ืฉื–ื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžื•ื“ื•ืœ ื“ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘.
17:14
The only problem is it's plagiarized from a major French feminist journal,
354
1034360
5576
ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื’ื ื™ื‘ื” ืกืคืจื•ืชื™ืช, ื›ืŸ,
ืžืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ ืคืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ ืฆืจืคืชื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ
17:19
and when you go to the supposed course website,
355
1039960
2816
ื•ื›ืฉืืชื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืืชืจ ื”ืงื•ืจืก ืœื›ืื•ืจื”,
17:22
it points to a lingerie-selling website.
356
1042800
4176
ื”ื•ื ืžืคื ื” ืืชื›ื ืœืืชืจ ืžื›ื™ืจืช ืชื—ืชื•ื ื™ื, ืื•ืงื™ื™?
17:27
So this is a little bit of a problem.
357
1047000
2176
ืื–, ื–ื” ืงืฆืช ื‘ืขื™ื™ื”,
17:29
So we clearly need some kind of idea of quality control
358
1049200
3056
ืื– ื‘ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื‘ืงืจืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช
17:32
and this is really where the idea of review and peer review comes in.
359
1052280
3696
ื•ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื ื›ื ืก.
17:36
You come to TED. Why do you come to TED?
360
1056000
1905
ืื•ืงื™ื™, ืืชื ื‘ืื™ื ืœTED. ืœืžื” ืืชื ื‘ืื™ื ืœTED?
17:38
Because Chris and his team have ensured
361
1058400
2415
ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื›ืจื™ืก ื•ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœื• ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•
17:40
that things are very, very high quality, right?
362
1060839
3177
ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื ื‘ืื›ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืžืื•ื“ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”, ื›ืŸ.
17:44
And so we need to be able to do the same thing.
363
1064040
2416
ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ืื•ืชื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ, ื›ืŸ.
17:46
And we need to be able to design structures,
364
1066480
3056
ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืชื›ื ืŸ ืžื‘ื ื™ื
17:49
and what we're doing is designing social software
365
1069560
3056
ื•ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ื” ืœืชื›ื ืŸ ืชื•ื›ื ื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช
17:52
to enable anyone to build their own peer review process,
366
1072640
3096
ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืืช ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืฉืœื•
17:55
and we call these things "lenses."
367
1075760
1816
ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื–ื” ืขื“ืฉื•ืช
17:57
And basically what they allow
368
1077600
1416
ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ื”ื•ื ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืฉื
17:59
is anyone out there can develop their own peer-review process,
369
1079040
3416
ืœืคืชื— ืืช ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืื™ืฉื™,
18:02
so that they can focus on the content in the repository
370
1082480
3976
ื›ืš ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืชืžืงื“ ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืžืื’ืจ
18:06
that they think is really important.
371
1086480
1715
ืฉื”ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืžืฉ ื—ืฉื•ื‘
18:08
And you can think of TED as a potential lens.
372
1088219
3277
ื•ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ TED ื›ืขื“ืฉื” ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ืช.
18:11
So I'd just like to end by saying:
373
1091520
1777
ืื– ืจืง ืืจืฆื” ืœืกื™ื™ื ื‘ืœื”ื’ื™ื“,
18:13
you can really view this as a call to action.
374
1093321
4655
ืืชื ื‘ืืžืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ื›ืงืจื™ืื” ืœืคืขื•ืœื”, ื›ืŸ,
18:18
Connexions and open content is all about sharing knowledge.
375
1098000
4976
Connexions ื•ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืคืชื•ื— ื”ื ืขืœ ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื™ื“ืข.
18:23
All of you here are tremendously imbued with tremendous amounts of knowledge,
376
1103000
5016
ื›ื•ืœื›ื ืคื” ืžื•ื˜ืžืขื™ื
ืขื ื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ื“ืข
18:28
and what I'd like to do is invite each and every one of you
377
1108040
2776
ื•ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ื” ืœื”ื–ืžื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื›ื
18:30
to contribute to this project and other projects of its type,
378
1110840
3216
ืœืชืจื•ื ืœืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื”ื–ื” ื•ืœืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื’ื•,
18:34
because I think together we can truly change the landscape
379
1114080
3776
ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื‘ื™ื—ื“ ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื ื•ืฃ
18:37
of education and educational publishing.
380
1117880
2216
ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื•ื”ื”ื•ืฆืื” ืœืื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™ืช.
18:40
So, thanks very much.
381
1120120
1200
ืื–, ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœื›ื.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7