Richard Baraniuk on open-source learning

Prevoditelj: Igor Pureta Recezent: Ivan Stamenković

I'm Rich Baraniuk and what I'd like to talk a little bit about today

Ja sam Rich Baraniuk i želim danas s vama kratko razgovarati

are some ideas that I think have just tremendous resonance

o nekim idejama za koje mislim da se fantastično uklapaju

with all the things that have been talked about the last two days.

u sve o čemu smo govorili tijekom zadnja dva dana.

So many different points of resonance

Postoji toliko drugačijih točaka poklapanja

that it's going to be difficult to bring them all up,

da će biti teško spomenuti ih sve,

but I'll try to do my best.

no dat ću sve od sebe.

Does anybody remember these?

Sjeća li se itko ovih?

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

OK, so these are LP records and they've been replaced, right?

OK, ovo su gramofonske ploče koje su zamijenjene, zar ne?

They've been swept away over the last two decades

Pometene su tijekom zadnja dva desetljeća

by these types of world-flattening digitization technologies, right?

raznim vrstama digitalizacijskih tehnologija, zar ne?

And I think it was best witnessed

Mislim da je to najbolje pokazano

when Thomas was playing the music as we came in the room today.

dok je Thomas puštao glazbu kako smo ulazili u prostoriju danas.

What's happened in the music world is there's a culture,

Što se dogodilo svijetu glazbe je kultura,

or an ecosystem that's been created

stvoren je svojevrsni ekosustav,

that, if you take some words from Apple,

koji, ako uzmete neke Apple-ove riječi,

the catchphrase -- that we create, rip, mix and burn.

fraze -- koje stvaramo, skidamo, miješamo i pržimo.

What I mean by that is that anyone in the world is free and allowed

Pod time mislim da je bilo kome u svijetu dopušteno

to create new music and musical ideas.

stvarati novu glazbu i glazbene ideje.

Anyone in the world is allowed to rip or copy musical ideas,

Bilo tko na svijetu može pržiti ili kopirati glazbene ideje

use them in innovative ways.

i koristiti ih na inovativan način.

Anyone is allowed to mix them in different types of ways,

Bilo kome na svijetu je dopušteno da ih miješa na razne načine,

draw connections between musical ideas,

povlači veze između glazbenih ideja,

and people can burn them or create final products and continue the circle.

i ljudi ih mogu spržiti ili stvoriti krajnji rezultat i nastaviti krug.

And what that's done is it's created, like I said,

Time dobijamo, kao što sam rekao,

a vibrant community that's very inclusive,

živu zajednicu koja je vrlo uključiva,

with people continually working to connect musical ideas,

s ljudima koji neprestano rade na spajanju glazbenih ideja,

innovate them and keep things constantly up to date.

inoviraju ih i drže sve stvari bez prestanka ažuriranima.

Today's hit single is not last year's hit single.

Današnji hit singl nije prošlogodišnji hit singl.

But I'm not here to talk about music today.

No, nisam danas ovdje da pričam o glazbi.

I'm here to talk about books.

Ovdje sam da pričam o knjigama.

In particular, textbooks and the kind of educational materials

Specifično, udžbenicima i vrsti obrazovnih materijala

that we use every day in school.

koje svakodnevno koristimo u školama.

Has anyone here ever been to school?

Je li itko ikada bio u školi?

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

OK, does anybody realize there's a crisis in our schools,

OK, shvaća li itko da postoji kriza u našim školama,

around the world?

diljem svijeta?

I'm not going to spend too much time on that,

Neću puno vremena potrošiti na to,

but what I want to talk about is some of the disconnects

a želim pričati o pucanju veza

that appear when an author publishes a book.

koje se dogode kada autor objavi knjigu.

That in fact, the publishing process --

To, ustvari, postupak izdavanja --

just because of the fact that it's complicated,

iz razloga što je kompliciran,

it's heavy, books are expensive --

težak, čini knjige skupima --

creates a sort of a wall between authors of books

stvara zid između autora knjiga

and the ultimate users of books,

i krajnjih korisnika knjiga,

be they teachers, students or just general readers.

bili oni profesori, studenti ili samo obični čitatelji.

And this is even more true if you happen to speak a language

Ovo je još i više istina ako govorite

other than one of the world's major languages, and especially English.

više od jednog važnog svjetskog jezika, posebice engleskog.

I'm going to call these people below the barrier "shutouts"

Zvat ću te ljude ispod granice "isključenima"

because they're really shut out of the process

jer su stvarno isključeni iz procesa

of being able to share their knowledge with the world.

mogućnosti dijeljenja njihovog znanja s ostatkom svijeta.

And so what I want to talk about today is trying to take these ideas

Ono o čemu ću danas pričati je pokušaj uzimanja ideja

that we've seen in the musical culture

koje smo vidjeli u glazbenog kulturi

and try to bring these towards reinventing the way

i pokušati doći do novog načina

we think about writing books, using them and teaching from them.

na koji razmišljamo o knjigama, kako ih koristimo i podučavamo iz njih.

So, that's what I'd like to talk about

O tome bih želio pričati

and, really, how we get from where we are now

i kako da dođemo otkud jesmo

to where we need to go.

do tamo gdje trebamo ići.

The first thing I'd like you to do is a little thought experiment.

Prva stvar koju želim napraviti je mali misaoni eksperiment.

Imagine taking all the world's books.

Zamislite da uzmete sve svjetske knjige.

OK, everybody imagine books and imagine just tearing out the pages.

U redu, svi zamislite knjige i kako trgate stranice iz njih.

So, liberating these pages

Dakle, oslobađajući ove stranice

and imagine digitizing them and then storing them

i zamislite kako ih digitalizirate i spremate

in a vast, interconnected, global repository.

u ogromnom, međupovezanom, globalnom odlagalištu.

Think of it as a massive iTunes for book-type content.

Zamislite masivni iTunes za sadržaj iz knjiga.

And then take that material and imagine making it all open,

Zatim uzmite taj materijal i zamislite da je sav otvoren

so that people can modify it, play with it, improve it.

tako da ga ljudi mogu modificirati, igrati se s njim, unaprijediti ga.

Imagine making it free,

Zamislite da ga napravite besplatnim,

so that anyone in the world can have access to all of this knowledge,

tako da bilo tko na svijetu ima pristup ovom znanju,

and imagine using information technology

i zamislite da koristite informacijsku tehnologiju

so that you can update this content, improve it, play with it,

kako bi ažurirali ovaj sadržaj, unaprijedili ga, igrali se njime,

on a timescale that's more on the order of seconds instead of years.

u vremenu koje je bliže sekundama nego godinama.

Instead of editions of a book coming out every two years,

Umjesto da izdanja knjiga dolaze svake dvije godine,

imagine them coming out every 25 seconds.

zamislite za izlaze svakih 25 sekundi.

So, imagine we could do that and imagine we could put people into this.

Zamislite da to možemo napraviti i da to možemo spojiti s ljudima.

So that we could truly build an ecosystem with not just authors,

Tako bi stvarno mogli napraviti ekosustav ne samo s autorima,

but all the people who could be or want to be authors

već i svim ljudima koji bi mogli ili htjeli biti autori

in all the different languages of the world,

na svim raznim jezicima na svijetu,

and I think if you could do this, it would be called --

i mislim da ako bi mogli napraviti ovo, zvalo bi se --

I'm just going to refer to it as a knowledge ecosystem.

samo ću se referirati na to kao na ekosustav znanja.

So, really, this is the dream,

Dakle, ovo je san,

and in a sense what you can think of it

u smislu na koji možete zamisliti,

is we're trying to enable anyone in the world,

pokušavamo omogućiti svima na svijetu,

I mean anyone in the world --

i mislim svima na svijetu --

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

to be their own educational DJ,

da budu vlastiti obrazovni DJ,

creating educational materials, sharing them with the world,

stvaraju edukativni materijal, dijele ga sa svijetom,

constantly innovating on them.

neprestano ga inovirajući.

So, this is the dream.

Dakle, ovo je san.

In fact, this dream is actually being realized.

Ustvari, ovaj san je zapravo u postupku realizacije.

Over the last six-and-a-half years,

Tijekom zadnjih šest i pol godina,

we've been working really hard at Rice University

iznimno smo se trudili na sveučilištu Rice

on a project called Connexions,

oko projekta koji se zove Connexions,

and so what I'd like to do for the rest of the talk

i htio bih za ostatak govora

is just tell you a little bit

reći vam nešto

about what people are doing with Connexions,

o tome što ljudi rade s Connexions,

which you can kind of think of as the counterpoint

što možete uzeti kao protutezu

to Nicholas Negroponte's talk yesterday,

jučerašnjem govoru Nicholasa Negropontea,

where they're working on the hardware of bringing education to the world.

gdje rade na hardveru za donošenje obrazovanja svijetu.

We're working on the open-source tools

Radimo na alatima i sadržaju

and the content.

otvorenog pristupa.

So, that's sort of to put it in perspective here.

Tako ćemo staviti stvari u perspektivu.

So, create.

Dakle, stvarajte.

What are some of the people that are using these kind of tools?

Tko su neki od ljudi koji koriste ovu vrstu alata?

Well, the first thing is,

Prva stvar je,

there's a community of engineering professors,

da postoji zajednica profesora inženjerstva,

from Cambridge to Kyoto,

od Cambridgea do Kyota,

who are developing engineering content in electrical engineering

koji razvijaju inženjerski sadržaj u području elektro-inženjerstva

to develop what you can think of as a massive, super textbook

kako bi razvili ono što možete zamisliti kao masivni, super udžbenik

that covers the entire area of electrical engineering.

koji pokriva cijelo područje elektro-inženjerstva.

And not only that --

I ne samo to --

it can be customized for use in each of their own individual institutions.

može biti oblikovan za korištenje u svakoj instituciji zasebno.

If people like Kitty Jones, a shut-out --

Ako ljudi poput Kitty Jones, iskjučene --

a private music teacher and mom from Champagne, Illinois,

privatne učiteljice glazbe i majke iz Champagnea, Illinois,

who wanted to share her fantastic music content with the world,

koja je htjela podijeliti svoj fantastičan glazbeni sadržaj sa svijetom,

on how to teach kids how to play music --

o tome kako podučavati klince da sviraju --

Her material is now used over 600,000 times per month.

Njeni materijali su sada korišteni preko 600.000 puta mjesečno.

Tremendous use.

Ogromna količina korištenja.

In fact, a lot of this use coming from United States K-12 schools,

Ustvari, mnogo ovog korištenja dolazi od K-12 škola u SAD-u,

because anyone who's involved in a school scale back,

jer bilo tko tko je uključen u obrazovnu reformu,

the first thing that's cut is the music curriculum.

zna da je prva stvar koja se ukida je glazbeni kurikulum.

And so this is just indicating the tremendous thirst

Ovo jasno pokazuje veliku žeđ

for this kind of open, free content.

za ovu vrstu otvorenog, besplatnog sadržaja.

A lot of teachers are using this stuff.

Mnogo profesora koristi ove stvari.

What about ripping? What about copying, reusing?

Što sa skidanjem? Što s kopiranjem, ponovnim korištenjem?

A team of volunteers at the University of Texas at El Paso --

Tim dobrovoljaca na Sveučilištu u Texasu u El Pasu --

graduate students translating this engineering super textbook ideas.

diplomci, prevode ove ideje za ovaj inženjerski super udžbenik.

And within about a week,

U roku tjedan dana,

having this be some of our most popular material

postao je jedan od naših najpopularnijih materijala

in widespread use all over Latin America, and in particular in Mexico,

u širokoj upotrebi diljem Latinske Amerike i posebice u Meksiku,

because of the open, extensible nature of this.

zbog otvorene, proširive prirode.

People, volunteers and even companies

Ljudi, dobrovoljci, pa i poduzeća

that are translating materials into Asian languages

koji prevode materijale na azijske jezike

like Chinese, Japanese and Thai,

kao kineski, japanski i tajlandski,

to spread the knowledge even further.

kako bi još više proširili znanje .

OK, what about people who are mixing?

U redu, a što je s ljudima koji miješaju?

What does "mixing" mean?

Što "miješanje" znači?

"Mixing" means building customized courses,

"Miješanje" znači stvaranje prilagođenih tečajeva,

means building customized books.

znači stvaranje prilagođenih knjiga.

Companies like National Instruments,

Poduzeća kao National Instruments,

who are embedding very powerful, interactive simulations

koja ugrađuju vrlo snažne, interaktivne simulacije

into the materials,

u materijale,

so that we can go way beyond our regular kind of textbook

kako bi mogli ići puno dalje od običnih udžbenika

to an experience

do iskustva

that all the teaching materials are things you can actually interact with

da su svi materijali za učenje, stvari s kojima možete uzajamno djelovati,

and play around with and actually learn as you do.

igrati se njima i zapravo učiti dok to radite.

We've been working with Teachers Without Borders,

Radili smo s Učiteljima bez granica,

who are very interested in mixing our materials.

koji su vrlo zainteresirani za miješanje naših materijala.

They're going to be using Connexions as their platform

Koristit će Connexions kao njihovu platformu

to develop and deliver teaching materials for teaching teachers how to teach

za razvoj i dostavu materijala za učenje, za učenje učitelja kako podučavati

in 84 countries around the world.

u 84 države svijeta.

TWB is currently in Iraq,

UBG su trenutno u Iraku,

training 20,000 teachers supported by USAID.

obučavaju 20.000 učitelja i podržani su od strane USAID-a.

And to them, this idea of being able to remix

Njima je, ova ideja da mogu miješati

and customize to the local context is extraordinarily important,

i oblikovati lokalni sadržaj, nevjerojatno važna,

because just providing free content to people

jer samo pružanje besplatnog sadržaja ljudima

has actually been likened by people in the developing world

se zapravo sviđa ljudima u svijetu u razvoju

to a kind of cultural imperialism --

do razine svojevrsnog kulturnog imperijalizma --

that if you don't empower people

da ako ne osposobite ljude

with the ability to re-contextualize the material,

s mogućnošću da prenamjene materijal,

translate it into their own language and take ownership of it,

prevedu ih na svoj jezik i preuzmu vlasništvo nad time,

it's not good.

nije dobro.

OK, other organizations we've been working with, UC Merced --

U redu, druge organizacije s kojima smo radili, UC Merced --

people know about UC Merced.

ljudi znaju za UC Merced.

It's a new university in California, in the Central Valley,

To je novo Sveučilište u Kaliforniji, u Central Valleyu,

working very closely with community colleges.

koje vrlo blisko surađuje s javnim fakultetima.

They're actually developing

Oni razvijaju

a lot of their science and engineering curriculum

mnogo vlastitog znanstvenog i inženjerskog kurikuluma

to spread widely around the world in our system.

da bi ga proširili svijetom u našem sustavu.

And they're also trying to develop all of their software tools

Također pokušavaju razviti sve svoje programske alate tako da

completely open-source.

su potpuno otvorenog pristupa.

We've been working with AMD, which has a project called 50x15,

Radili smo s AMD-om, koji ima projekt zvan 50x15,

which is trying to bring Internet connectivity

koji pokušava donijeti internetsku vezu

to 50 percent of the world's population by 2015.

do 50% svjetske populacije do 2015.

We're going to be providing content to them

Pružit ćemo im sadržaje

in a whole range of different languages.

u širokom spektru jezika.

And we've also been working with a number of other organizations.

Također smo surađivali s velikim brojem drugih organizacija.

In particular, a bunch of the projects that are funded by Hewlett Foundation,

Točnije, mnogo projekata koji su financirani od strane Hewlettove zaklade,

who have taken a real leadership role in this area of open content.

koja je preuzela pravu rukovodstvenu ulogu u području otvorenog sadržaja.

OK, burn -- I think this is, sort of, quite interesting.

U redu, prženje -- mislim da je ovo, na neki način, poprilično zanimljivo.

"Burn" is the idea of trying to create the physical instantiation

"Prženje" je ideja pokušaja stvaranja, fizičko utjelovljenje

of one of these courses.

jednog od tečaja.

And I think a lot of you received --

Mislim da je mnogo vas dobilo --

I think all of you received one of these music books in your gift pack.

mislim da ste svi dobili jednu od ovih knjiga o glazbi među darovima.

A little present for you.

Mali poklon za vas.

Just to tell you quickly about it: this is an engineering textbook.

Reći ću vam ukratko o ovome: ovo je udžbenik inženjerstva.

It's about 300 pages long, hardbound.

Dug je oko 300 stranica, tvrdi uvez.

This costs -- anybody guess?

Ovo košta -- može li tko pogoditi?

How much would it cost in a bookstore?

Koliko bi koštalo u knjižari?

(Audience) 65 dollars.

(Publika) 65 dolara.

Richard Baraniuk: OK. This costs 22 dollars to the student.

Richard Baraniuk: U redu, ovo košta 22 dolara za studente.

Why does it cost 22 dollars?

Zašto košta 22 dolara?

Because it's published on demand

Jer je objavljeno na zahjtev

and it's developed from this repository of open materials.

i razvijeno je iz odlagališta materijala otvorenog pristupa.

If this book were to be published by a regular publisher,

Da je ovu knjigu izdao regularni izdavač,

it would cost at least 122 dollars.

koštala bi najmanje 122 dolara.

So what we're seeing

Dakle ono što vidimo

is moving this burning or publication process

je pokret prženja ili postupak izdavanja

from the regular, sort of single-authored book

iz regularne knjige jednog autora

towards community-authored materials

prema materijalima kojima je autor zajednica,

that are modular, that are customized to each individual class

koji su modularni, tako da su oblikovani za svaki zaseban razred

and published on demand very inexpensively,

i objavljeni na zahtjev vrlo jeftino,

either pushed out through Amazon

ili putem Amazona

or published directly through an on-demand press, like QOOP.

ili izdani izravno putem tiskanja na zahtjev, poput QOOP.

And I think that this is an extraordinarily interesting area

Mislim da je ovo nevjerojatno zanimljivo područje

because there is tremendous area under this long tail in publishing.

jer postoji ogromno područje pod ovim dugim repom u izdavaštvu.

We're not talking about the Harry Potter end,

Ne govorimo o kraju gdje je Harry Potter,

right at the left side.

tamo na lijevoj strani.

We're talking about books

Govorimo o knjigama

on hypergeometric partial differential equations.

o hipergeometrijskim parcijalno diferencijalnim jednadžbama.

Books that might sell 100 copies a year, 1,000 copies a year.

Knjige koje možda prodaju 100 ili 1.000 primjeraka na godinu.

There is tremendous sustaining revenue under this long tail

Postoji ogroman podržavajući prihod ispod ovog dugog repa

to sustain open projects like ours,

da podržava otvorene projekte poput našeg,

but also to sustain this new emergence of on-demand publishers,

no također da podržava ovu novu pojavu izdavača na zahtjev,

like QOOP, who produced these two books.

poput QOOP, koji su proizveli ove dvije knjige.

And I think one of the things that you should take away from this talk

Mislim da je jedna od stvari koje bi trebali zapamtiti iz ovog govora

is that there's an impending cut-out-the-middle-man disintermediation,

da postoji prijetnja od uklanjanja posrednika,

that's going to be happening in the publishing industry.

koja će se dogoditi industriji izdavanja.

And it's going to reach a crescendo over the next few years,

Postići će vrhunac kroz sljedećih nekoliko godina,

and I think that it's for our benefit, really, and for the world's benefit.

i mislim da je to za našu korist, ustvari, za korist svijeta.

OK, so what are the enablers?

U redu, tko su ti koji omogućuju sve?

What's really making all of this happen?

Što stvarno omogućuje da se ovo sve dogodi?

There's tons of technology,

Postoji mnogo tehnologije,

and the only piece of technology that I really want to talk about is XML.

no jedini dio tehnologije o kojemu želim pričati je XML.

How many people know about XML?

Koliko vas zna za XML?

Oh, great.

Oh, super.

So it's the future of the web, right?

To je budućnost interneta, zar ne?

It's semantic representation of content.

To je semantička reprezentacija sadržaja.

Ono o čemu u vezi XML-a možete u ovom slučaju misliti

And what you can really think of XML in this case

is it's the packaging that we're putting around these pages.

je pakiranje koje stavljamo oko tih stranica.

Remember we took the book, tore the pages out?

Sjećate se da smo uzeli knjigu i istrgali stranice?

Well, what the XML is going to do

Ono što će XML učiniti je

is it's going to turn those pages into Lego blocks.

da će pretvoriti te stranice u Lego kocke.

XML are the nubs on the Lego

XML su izbočine na Lego kockama

that allow us to combine the content together in a myriad different ways,

koje nam dopuštaju da kombiniramo sadržaj na nebrojeno načina,

and it provides us a framework to share content.

i pruža nam okvir za dijeljenje sadržaja.

So, it lets you take this ecosystem

Dakle, dopušta vam da uzmete ovaj ekosustav

in its primordial state of all this content,

u prvobitnom stanju svog sadržaja,

all the pages you've torn out of books,

sve stranice koje ste istrgali iz knjiga,

and create highly sophisticated learning machines:

da stvorite visoko sofisticirane strojeve za učenje:

books, courses, course packs.

knjige, tečajeve, pakete.

It gives you the ability to personalize the learning experience

Daje vam mogućnost da personalizirate iskustvo učenja

to each individual student,

za svakog pojedinog učenika,

so that every student can have a book or a course

kako bi svaki učenik imao svoju knjigu ili tečaj

that's customized to their learning style, their context,

koji je oblikovan po njihovom stilu učenja, njihovom sadržaju,

their language and the things that excite them.

njihovom jeziku i stvarima koje ih uzbuđuju.

It lets you reuse the same materials in multiple different ways,

Dopušta vam da koristite iste materijale na više drugačijih načina,

and surprising new ways.

iznenađujućih novih načina.

It lets you interconnect ideas,

Dopušta vam na međusobno spajate ideje,

indicating how fields relate to each other.

indicirajući kako područja utječu jedno na drugo.

And I'll just give you my personal story.

Dat ću vam svoju osobnu priču.

We came up with this six-and-a-half years ago

Smislili smo ovo prije 6 i pol godina

because I teach the stuff in the red box.

jer ja podučavam ono što je u crvenoj kućici.

And my day job, as Chris said -- I'm an electrical engineering professor.

Moj dnevni posao, kao što je Chris rekao - ja sam profesor elektro-inženjerstva.

I teach signal processing

Podučavam procesiranje signala

and my challenge was to show that this math --

i moj izazov je da pokažem ovu matematiku --

Wow, about half of you have already fallen asleep

Wow, pola vas je zaspalo

just looking at the equation.

dok ste samo gledali u jednadžbu.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

But this seemingly dry math

No ova naoko suhoparna matematika

is actually the center of this tremendously powerful web

je zapravo središte ogromne mreže

that links technology --

koja povezuje tehnologiju --

that links really cool applications like music synthesizers

koja povezuje vrlo fora aplikacije kao što su glazbeni sintisajzeri

to tremendous economic opportunities,

s ogromnim ekonomskim prilikama,

but also governed by intellectual property.

ali s upravljanim intelektualnim vlasništvom.

And the thing that I realized

Ono što sam shvatio je

is there was no way that I, as an engineer,

da ne postoji način da ja, kao inženjer,

could write this book that would get all of this across.

napišem ovu knjigu koja bi sadržavala sve.

We needed a community to do it

Trebamo zajednicu da to napravi

and we needed new tools to be able to interconnect these ideas.

i trebamo nove alate da bi mogli povezivati ove ideje.

And I think that really, in a sense, what we're trying to do

I stvarno mislim da je, na neki način, to što pokušavamo

is make Minsky's dream come to a reality,

ostvariti Minskyev san

where you can imagine all the books in a library

gdje možete zamisliti sve knjige u knjižnici

actually starting to talk to each other.

kako zapravo međusobno razgovaraju.

And people who are teachers out here -- whoever taught, you know this --

Ljudi koji su profesori ovdje -- tko god je podučavao, znate ovo --

it's the interconnections between ideas that teaching is really all about.

unutarnje povezivanje ideja je oko čega se ideja podučavanja zapravo vrti.

OK, back to math.

U redu, natrag na matematiku.

Imagine -- this is possible:

Zamislite -- ovo je moguće:

that every single equation that you click on in one of your new e-texts

da je svaka jednadžba na koju kliknete u jednoj od vaših novih e-knjiga

is something that you're going to be able to explore and experiment with.

nešto što ćete moći istražiti i eksperimentirati.

So imagine your kid's algebra textbook in seventh grade.

Zamislite knjigu iz matematike svog klinca u sedmom razredu.

You can click on every single equation

Možete kliknuti na svaku zasebnu jednadžbu

and bring up a little tool to be able to experiment with it,

i uz pomoć alata eksperimentirati njome,

tinker with it, understand it.

petljati njome, razumjeti ju.

Because we really don't understand until we do.

Jer stvarno, ne razumijemo dok ne radimo.

The same type of mark-up, like MathML, for chemistry.

Ista vrsta slučaja poput MathML, za kemiju.

Imagine chemistry textbooks

Zamislite udžbenike iz kemije

that actually understand the structure of how molecules are formed.

koji stvarno razumiju kako su molekule tvorene.

Imagine Music XML

Zamislite Glazbu XML

that actually lets you delve into the semantic structure of music,

koja vam daje da uđete u semantičku strukturu glazbe,

play with it, understand it.

da se igrate njome, da ju razumijete.

It's no wonder that everybody's getting into it, right?

Nije ni čudo da sve zanima ovo, zar ne?

Even the three wise men.

Čak i Sveta tri kralja.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

OK, the second big enabler, and this is where I told a big lie.

U redu, sljedeći veliki pružatelj, i ovo je gdje sam rekao veliku laž.

The second big enabler is intellectual property.

Drugi veliki pružatelj je intelektualno vlasništvo.

Because, in fact, I got up here

Jer, ustvari, došao sam ovdje

and I talked about how great the music culture is.

i pričao o tome kako je odlična glazbena kultura.

We can share and rip, mix and burn, but in fact, that's all illegal.

Možemo dijeliti i pržiti i miješati, no ustvari, sve je to ilegalno.

And we would be accused of [piracy] for doing that,

I mogli bismo biti optuženi za piratstvo za to,

because this music has been propertized.

jer je glazba privatno vlasništvo.

It's now owned, much of it by big industries.

Sada je vlasništvo, velikim dijelom, velikih industrija.

So, really, the key thing here is we can't let this happen.

Ključna stvar ovdje je da ne možemo dopustiti da se ovo dogodi.

We can't let this Napster thing happen here.

Ne možemo dopustiti da se dogodi Napster ovdje.

So, what we have to do is get it right from the very beginning.

Moramo uspjeti od samog početka.

And what we have to do is find an intellectual property framework

Ono što trebamo napraviti je naći okvir intelektualnog vlasništva

that makes sharing safe and makes it easily understandable.

koji dijeljenje čini sigurnim i lako razumljivim.

And the inspiration here is taken from open-source software.

Inspiracija je uzeta iz softvera otvorenog pristupa.

Things like Linux and the GPL.

Stvari poput Linuxa i GPL-a.

The Creative Commons licenses.

Creative Commonsa dozvola.

How many people have heard of creative commons?

Koliko vas je čulo za Creative Commons?

If you have not, you must learn about it.

Ako niste, morate naučiti o njima.

Creativecommons.org.

Creativecommons.org

At the bottom of every piece of material in Connexions

Na dnu svakog materijala u Connexions

and in lots of other projects,

i u mnogo drugih projekata,

you can find their logo.

možete naći njihov logo.

Clicking on that logo takes you to an absolute no-nonsense,

Klik na taj logo vas vodi do potpuno smislenog

human-readable document, a deed,

dokumenta za čitanje,

that tells you exactly what you can do with this content.

koji vam govori točno što možete napraviti s tim sadržajem.

In fact, you're free to share it, to do all of these things:

Ustvari, slobodni ste ga dijeliti, raditi sve ove stvari:

to copy it, to change it, even to make commercial use of it,

kopirati, promijeniti, čak i koristiti komercijalno,

as long as you attribute the author.

dok god djelo pripišete autoru.

Because in academic publishing and much of educational publishing,

Jer u akademskom izdavanju i u mnogo obrazovnog izdavanja,

it's really this idea of sharing knowledge

ideja je širenje znanja

and making impact.

i stvaranje utjecaja.

That's why people write, not necessarily making bucks.

Zato ljudi pišu, ne nužno da zarade.

We're not talking about Harry Potter, right?

Ne govorimo ovdje o Harry Potteru, zar ne?

We're at the long tail end here.

Mi smo na dugom kraju ovdje.

Behind that is the legal code, very carefully constructed.

Iza toga se nalazi legalan kod, vrlo pažljivo sastavljen.

And Creative Commons is taking off --

Creative Commons polijeće --

over 43 million things out there,

preko 43 milijuna stvari postoji

licensed with a Creative Commons license.

s dozvolom Creative Commonsa.

Not just text,

Ne samo tekstovi,

but music, images, video.

već glazba, slike, video.

And there's actually a tremendous uptake

I postoji ogromno shvaćanje

of the number of people that are actually licensing music

velikog broja ljudi koji zapravo slušaju glazbu

to make it free for people who do this whole idea of re-sampling,

kako bi ju činili besplatnom za ljude koji rade cijelu ideju promjene,

ripping, mixing, burning and sharing.

prženja, miješanja i dijeljenja.

OK, I'd like to conclude with just the last few points.

U redu, htio bih zaključiti samo s nekoliko zadnjih točaka.

So, we've built this idea of a commons.

Izgradili smo ideju zajedničkog dijeljenja.

People are using it.

Ljudi ju koriste.

We get over 500,000 unique visitors per month, just to our particular site.

Imamo preko 500.000 jedinstvenih korisnika mjesečno, samo na našoj stranici.

MIT OpenCourseWare, which is another large open-content site,

MIT OpenCourseWare, koja je još jedna velika stranica otvorenog sadržaja,

gets a similar number of hits.

ima sličan broj.

But how do we protect this?

No, kako da zaštitimo ovo?

How do we protect it into the future?

Kako da zaštitimo ovo u budućnosti?

And the first thing that people are probably thinking

Prva stvar koju ljudi vjerojatno pomisle

is quality control, right?

je kontrola kvalitete, zar ne?

Because we're saying that anybody can contribute things to this commons.

Jer kažemo da bilo tko može doprinijeti.

Anybody can contribute anything.

Bilo tko može pridonijeti bilo čime.

So that could be a problem.

To bi mogao biti problem.

It didn't take long until people started contributing materials,

Nije dugo trebalo da ljudi počnu doprinositi materijalima,

for example, on lingerie,

na primjer, za žensko donje rublje,

which is actually a pretty good module.

što je ustvari poprilično dobar modul.

The only problem is it's plagiarized from a major French feminist journal,

Jedini problem je da je plagijat iz poznatih francuskih ženskih novina,

and when you go to the supposed course website,

i kada idete na stranicu tečaja,

it points to a lingerie-selling website.

dovede vas na stranicu za prodaju donjeg rublja.

So this is a little bit of a problem.

Dakle ovo je mali problem.

So we clearly need some kind of idea of quality control

Očito trebamo neku ideju kontrole kvalitete

and this is really where the idea of review and peer review comes in.

i ovo je gdje dolazimo do ideje pregleda i suradničkih pregleda.

You come to TED. Why do you come to TED?

Došli ste na TED. Zašto ste došli na TED?

Because Chris and his team have ensured

Jer su Chris i njegov tim osigurali

that things are very, very high quality, right?

da su stvari na vrlo, vrlo visokoj razini, zar ne?

And so we need to be able to do the same thing.

Moramo biti u mogućnosti napraviti istu stvar.

And we need to be able to design structures,

Moramo biti u mogućnosti dizajnirati strukture,

and what we're doing is designing social software

a ono što radimo je dizajn društvenog softvera

to enable anyone to build their own peer review process,

da omogućimo svima da stvore vlastiti postupak suradničkih pregleda,

and we call these things "lenses."

i zovemo ove stvari "lećama".

And basically what they allow

I u osnovi, ono što dopuštaju,

is anyone out there can develop their own peer-review process,

je da bilo tko razvije svoj proces suradničkog pregleda,

so that they can focus on the content in the repository

kako bi se mogli fokusirati na sadržaj u odlagalištu

that they think is really important.

za koji misle da je stvarno važan.

And you can think of TED as a potential lens.

Možete zamisliti TED kao potencijalnu leću.

So I'd just like to end by saying:

Htio bih završiti tako da vam kažem:

you can really view this as a call to action.

možete ovo vidjeti kao poziv na akciju.

Connexions and open content is all about sharing knowledge.

Connexions i otvoreni sadržaj je o dijeljenju znanja.

All of you here are tremendously imbued with tremendous amounts of knowledge,

Svi ste ovdje iznimno prožeti iznimnom količinom znanja,

and what I'd like to do is invite each and every one of you

i volio bih pozvati svakoga od vas

to contribute to this project and other projects of its type,

da doprinosite ovom projektu i drugim projektima ovog tipa,

because I think together we can truly change the landscape

jer mislim da zajedno stvarno možemo promijeniti pejzaž

of education and educational publishing.

obrazovanja i obrazovnog izdavanja.

So, thanks very much.

Hvala vam lijepa.