The data behind Hollywood's sexism | Stacy Smith

123,076 views ใƒป 2017-03-21

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ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุฃุฏู†ุงู‡ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ.

ุงู„ู…ุชุฑุฌู…: Mo'az Galbat ุงู„ู…ุฏู‚ู‘ู‚: Fatima Zahra El Hafa
00:12
Today, I want to tell you about a pressing social issue.
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ุงู„ูŠูˆู…ุŒ ุฃุฑูŠุฏ ู† ุฃุฎุจุฑูƒู… ุนู† ู‚ุถูŠุฉู ุงุฌุชู…ุงุนูŠุฉู ู…ู„ุญู‘ุฉ.
00:16
Now, it's not nuclear arms,
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ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ู„ูŠุณุช ุงู„ุฃุณู„ุญุฉ ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠุฉุŒ
00:18
it's not immigration,
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ุฅู†ู‡ุง ู„ูŠุณุช ุงู„ู‡ุฌุฑุฉุŒ
00:20
and it's not malaria.
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ูˆู„ูŠุณุช ุงู„ู…ู„ุงุฑูŠุง.
00:22
I'm here to talk about movies.
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ุฃู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง ู„ู„ุญุฏูŠุซ ุนู† ุงู„ุฃูู„ุงู….
00:25
Now, in all seriousness, movies are actually really important.
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ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ูˆุจูƒู„ ุฌุฏูŠุฉุŒ ุงู„ุฃูู„ุงู… ุจุงู„ูุนู„ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุญู‚ู‹ุง.
00:30
In film, we can be wildly entertained,
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ููŠ ุงู„ููŠู„ู…ุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ูƒูˆู† ู…ุณุชู…ุชุนูŠู† ุจุดุฏุฉุŒ
00:34
and we can also be transported through storytelling.
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ูˆูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุฃู† ู†ู†ุชู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุณุฑุฏ ุงู„ู‚ุตุต.
00:39
Storytelling is so important.
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ุณุฑุฏ ุงู„ู‚ุตุต ููŠ ุบุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃู‡ู…ูŠุฉ.
00:41
Stories tell us what societies value,
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ุงู„ู‚ุตุต ุชุญูƒูŠ ู„ู†ุง ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุนุงุชุŒ
00:44
they offer us lessons,
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ุชู‚ุฏู… ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ุนุจุฑุŒ
00:46
and they share and preserve our history.
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ูˆุชุดุงุฑูƒ ูˆุชุญุงูุธ ุนู„ู‰ ุชุงุฑูŠุฎู†ุง.
00:49
Stories are amazing.
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ุงู„ู‚ุตุต ู…ุฏู‡ุดุฉ.
00:52
But stories don't give everyone
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ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู‚ุตุต ู„ุง ุชุนุทูŠ ุงู„ุฌู…ูŠุน
00:55
the same opportunity to appear within them,
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ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูุฑุตุฉ ู„ูŠุธู‡ุฑูˆุง ููŠู‡ุงุŒ
00:59
particularly not stories
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ูˆู„ุง ุณูŠู‘ู…ุง ุงู„ู‚ุตุต
01:02
compartmentalized in the form of American movies.
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ุงู„ู…ุฌุฒุฃุฉ ููŠ ู‡ูŠุฆุฉ ุงู„ุฃูู„ุงู… ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠุฉ.
01:06
In film, interestingly enough,
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ูˆู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุซูŠุฑ ู„ู„ุงู‡ุชู…ุงู… ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูู„ุงู…ุŒ
01:08
females are still erased and marginalized
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ุฃู† ุงู„ุฅู†ุงุซ ู…ุงุฒุงู„ุช ุชูู…ุณูŽุญ ูˆุชู‡ู…ุด
01:12
in a lot of our stories.
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ููŠ ูƒุซูŠุฑู ู…ู† ู‚ุตุตู†ุง.
01:14
And I learned this for the first time about 10 years ago
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ูˆุนู„ู…ุช ู‡ุฐุง ู„ู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ 10 ุณู†ูˆุงุช
01:17
when I did my first study on gender role in G-rated films.
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุฃุฌุฑูŠุช ุฃูˆู„ ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ู„ูŠ ุนู† ุฃุฏูˆุงุฑ ุงู„ุฌู†ุณูŠู† ููŠ ุฃูู„ุงู… ุงู„ูุฆุฉ G.
01:21
Since then, we've conducted more than 30 investigations.
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ูˆู…ู†ุฐ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุชุŒ ู‚ู…ู†ุง ุจุฅุฌุฑุงุก ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† 30 ุชุญู‚ูŠู‚ู‹ุง.
01:24
My team is tired.
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ูุฑูŠู‚ูŠ ู…ูุชู’ุนูŽุจ.
01:26
And I've committed my life
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ูˆู‚ุฏ ูƒุฑุณุช ุญูŠุงุชูŠ
01:29
as researcher and activist
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ูƒุจุงุญุซุฉ ูˆู†ุงุดุทุฉ
01:32
to fighting the inclusion crisis
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ู„ู…ุญุงุฑุจุฉ ุฃุฒู…ุฉ ุงู„ุชุถู…ูŠู†
01:35
in Hollywood.
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ููŠ ู‡ูˆู„ูŠูˆูˆุฏ.
01:37
So today, what I'd like to do is tell you about that crisis.
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ูŠูˆู…ุŒ ู…ุง ุฃูˆุฏ ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู† ุฃุฎุจุฑูƒู… ุนู† ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฃุฒู…ุฉ.
01:40
I want to talk about gender inequality in film.
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ุฃุฑูŠุฏ ุฃู† ุฃุชุญุฏุซ ุนู† ุนุฏู… ุงู„ู…ุณุงูˆุงุฉ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฌู†ุณูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูู„ุงู….
01:43
I want to tell you how it is perpetuated,
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ุฃุฑูŠุฏ ุฃู† ุฃุฎุจุฑูƒู… ุนู† ูƒูŠููŠุฉ ุงุณุชู…ุฑุงุฑู‡ุงุŒ
01:45
and then I'm going to tell you how we're going to fix it.
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ูˆุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ุณุฃู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูƒู… ูƒูŠู ุณู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจุฅุตู„ุงุญู‡ุง.
01:49
However, one caveat before I begin:
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ู…ุน ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุชุญูุธ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‚ุจู„ ุฃู† ุฃุจุฏุฃ:
01:53
my data are really depressing.
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ุจูŠุงู†ุงุชูŠ ู…ุญุจูุทุฉ ุญู‚ู‘ู‹ุง.
01:56
So I want to apologize in advance,
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ูˆู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุฃูˆุฏ ุฃู† ุฃุนุชุฐุฑ ู…ู‚ุฏู‘ูŽู…ู‹ุงุŒ
01:58
because I'm going to put you all in a really bad mood.
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ู„ุฃู†ู†ูŠ ุณุฃุถุนูƒู… ุฌู…ูŠุนู‹ุง ููŠ ู…ุฒุงุฌ ุณูŠุก ุญู‚ู‹ุง.
02:02
But I'm going to bring it up at the end,
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ูˆู„ูƒู†ู‘ูŠ ุณุฃุฌุนู„ู‡ ุฃูุถู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉุŒ
02:05
and I'm going to present a silver lining
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ูˆุณุฃู‚ุฏู… ู„ูƒู… ุงู„ุฌุงู†ุจ ุงู„ู…ุดุฑู‚
02:08
to fix this mess that we've been in
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ู„ุฅุตู„ุงุญ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ููˆุถู‰ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู†ุญู† ููŠู‡ุง
02:10
for a very, very long time.
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ู…ู† ู…ุฏุฉ ุทูˆูŠู„ุฉ ุฌุฏู‹ุง.
02:13
So, let's start with the gravity of the situation.
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ู„ุฐุงุŒ ุฏุนูˆู†ุง ู†ุจุฏุฃ ู…ุน ุฌุณุงู…ุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูˆุถุน.
02:17
Each year, my research team examines the top 100 grossing films
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ููŠ ูƒู„ ุนุงู…ุŒ ูŠุฏุฑุณ ูุฑูŠู‚ูŠ ุงู„ุจุญุซูŠ ุฃูุถู„ 100 ููŠู„ู…
02:20
in the United States.
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ููŠ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ.
02:22
What we do is we look at every speaking or named character on-screen.
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ู…ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู†ู†ุง ู†ู†ุธุฑ ู„ูƒู„ ุดุฎุตูŠุฉ ู†ุงุทู‚ุฉ ุฃูˆ ู…ุณู…ุงุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดุงุดุฉ.
02:26
Now, to count in one of my investigations,
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ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ู„ุนุฏ ุงู„ุดุฎุตูŠุงุช ููŠ ุฏุฑุงุณุงุชูŠุŒ
02:29
all a character has to do is say one word.
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ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดุฎุตูŠุฉ ูุนู„ู‡ ู‡ูˆ ู‚ูˆู„ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ.
02:33
This is a very low bar.
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ู‡ุฐุง ุญูŽุฏู‘ ู…ู†ุฎูุถ ุฌุฏู‹ุง.
02:36
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
02:38
Thus far, we've looked at 800 movies,
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ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ุจุญุซู†ุง ููŠ 800 ููŠู„ู…ุŒ
02:40
from 2007 to 2015,
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ู…ู† 2007 ุญุชู‰ 2015ุŒ
02:42
cataloguing every speaking character on-screen for gender, race, ethnicity,
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ูˆู‚ู…ู†ุง ุจุฌุฏูˆู„ุฉ ูƒู„ ุดุฎุตูŠุฉ ู†ุงุทู‚ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดุงุดุฉ ุจู†ุงุกู‹ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌู†ุณ ูˆุงู„ุนุฑู‚ ูˆุงู„ุฅู†ุชู…ุงุก ุงู„ุนุฑู‚ูŠ
02:47
LGBT and characters with a disability.
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ูˆุงู„ู…ุซู„ูŠูŠู† ูˆุงู„ู…ุชุญูˆู„ูŠู† ุฌู†ุณูŠู‹ุง ูˆุงู„ุดุฎุตูŠุงุช ุฐูˆูŠ ุงู„ุฅุนุงู‚ุฉ.
02:51
Let's take a look at really some problematic trends.
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ุฏุนูˆู†ุง ู†ู„ู‚ูŠ ู†ุธุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ุคุดุฑุงุช ุงู„ุฅุดูƒุงู„ูŠุฉ ุญู‚ู‹ุง.
02:55
First, females are still noticeably absent on-screen in film.
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ุฃูˆู„ู‹ุงุŒ ู…ุง ุชุฒุงู„ ุงู„ุฅู†ุงุซ ุบุงุฆุจุงุช ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ู„ุญูˆุธ ู…ู† ุงู„ุธู‡ูˆุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูู„ุงู….
03:00
Across 800 movies and 35,205 speaking characters,
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ู…ู† 800 ููŠู„ู… ูˆ 35,205 ุดุฎุตูŠุฉ ู†ุงุทู‚ุฉุŒ
03:04
less than a third of all roles go to girls and women.
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ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุซู„ุซ ุงู„ุฃุฏูˆุงุฑ ุชุฐู‡ุจ ู„ู„ูุชูŠุงุช ูˆุงู„ู†ุณุงุก.
03:08
Less than a third!
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ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุซู„ุซ!
03:09
There's been no change from 2007 to 2015,
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ู„ู… ูŠุทุฑุฃ ุฃูŠ ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ู…ู† 2007 ุญุชู‰ 2015ุŒ
03:13
and if you compare our results
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ูˆุฅุฐุง ู‚ุงุฑู†ุช ู†ุชุงุฆุฌู†ุง
03:14
to a small sample of films from 1946 to 1955,
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ุจุนูŠู†ุฉ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃูู„ุงู… ู…ู† 1946 ุญุชู‰ 1955ุŒ
03:19
there's been no change in over a half of a century.
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ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฃูŠ ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ู…ู†ุฐ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ู†ุตู ู‚ุฑู†.
03:23
Over half of a century!
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ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ู†ุตู ู‚ุฑู†!
03:24
But we're half of the population.
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ูˆู„ูƒู†ู†ุง ู†ุตู ุงู„ุชุนุฏุงุฏ ุงู„ุณูƒุงู†ูŠ.
03:27
Now, if we look at this data intersectionally,
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ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ุฅุฐุง ู†ุธุฑู†ุง ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจูŠุงู†ุงุช ุจุดูƒู„ู ู…ุชุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุฌูˆุงู†ุจุŒ
03:30
which has been a focus of today,
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ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠ ูƒุงู† ู…ุญูˆุฑ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุงู„ูŠูˆู…ุŒ
03:32
the picture becomes even more problematic.
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ูุฅู† ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุชุตุจุญ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุฅุดูƒุงู„ูŠุฉ.
03:35
Across the top 100 films of just last year,
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ุนุจุฑ ุฃูุถู„ 100 ููŠู„ู… ู…ู† ุงู„ุนุงู… ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠ ูู‚ุทุŒ
03:38
48 films didn't feature one black or African-American speaking character,
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48 ููŠู„ู…ู‹ุง ู„ู… ุชูุธู‡ุฑ ุดุฎุตูŠุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุณูˆุฏุงุก ุฃูˆ ุฃูุฑูŠู‚ูŠุฉ ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠุฉ ู†ุงุทู‚ุฉุŒ
03:43
not one.
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ูˆู„ุง ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ.
03:44
70 films were devoid of Asian or Asian-American speaking characters
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70 ููŠู„ู…ู‹ุง ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ุฎุงู„ูŠูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุฎุตูŠุงุช ุงู„ุขุณูŠูˆูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุขุณูŠูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠุฉ ุงู„ู†ุงุทู‚ุฉ
03:48
that were girls or women.
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ู…ู† ุงู„ูุชูŠุงุช ูˆุงู„ู†ุณุงุก.
03:50
None.
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ู„ุง ุฃุญุฏ.
03:51
Eighty-four films didn't feature one female character that had a disability.
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84 ููŠู„ู… ู„ู… ูŠูุธู‡ูุฑูˆุง ูˆู„ุง ุดุฎุตูŠุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู†ุณุงุฆูŠุฉ ุชุนุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุฅุนุงู‚ุฉ.
03:56
And 93 were devoid of lesbian, bisexual or transgender female speaking characters.
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ูˆ93 ุฎุงู„ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุฎุตูŠุงุช ุงู„ู†ุณุงุฆูŠุฉ ุงู„ู†ุงุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุซู„ูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ุซู†ุงุฆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฌู†ุณ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู…ุชุญูˆู„ุฉ ุฌู†ุณูŠุง.
04:02
This is not underrepresentation.
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ู‡ุฐุง ู„ูŠุณ ู†ู‚ุต ุชู…ุซูŠู„.
04:05
This is erasure,
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ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุญูˆุŒ
04:07
and I call this the epidemic of invisibility.
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ูˆุฃู†ุง ุฃุฏุนูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูˆุจุงุก ุงู„ุฎูุงุก.
04:12
Now, when we move from prevalence to protagonist,
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ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ุญูŠู† ู†ู†ุชู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุบู„ุจุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃุฏูˆุงุฑ ุงู„ุจุทูˆู„ุฉุŒ
04:16
the story is still problematic.
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ู„ุงุชุฒุงู„ ุงู„ู‚ุตุฉ ุฅุดูƒุงู„ูŠุฉ.
04:18
Out of a hundred films last year,
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ู…ู† ุฃุตู„ 100 ููŠู„ู… ู…ู† ุงู„ุนุงู… ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุŒ
04:20
only 32 featured a female lead or colead driving the action.
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32 ูู‚ุท ุฃุธู‡ุฑูˆุง ุจุทูˆู„ุฉ ู†ุณุงุฆูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ุจุทูˆู„ุฉ ู…ุดุชุฑูƒุฉ ู„ุชู‚ูˆุฏ ุงู„ุฃุญุฏุงุซ.
04:25
Only three out of a hundred films
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ูู‚ุท ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ู…ู† ุฃุตู„ 100 ููŠู„ู…
04:27
featured an underrepresented female driving the story,
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ุฃุธู‡ุฑูˆุง ู†ุณุงุก ู…ู†ู‚ูˆุตุงุช ุงู„ุชู…ุซูŠู„ ู„ุชู‚ูˆุฏู† ุงู„ุฃุญุฏุงุซุŒ
04:31
and only one diverse woman
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ูˆุงู…ุฑุฃุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูู‚ุท
04:33
that was 45 years of age or older at the time of theatrical release.
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ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ูƒุงู†ุช ุชุจู„ุบ 45 ุนุงู…ู‹ุง ุฃูˆ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ููŠ ูˆู‚ุช ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ุงู„ููŠู„ู….
04:38
Now let's look at portrayal.
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ู„ู†ู†ุธุฑ ุงู„ุขู† ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุตูˆูŠุฑ.
04:40
In addition to the numbers you just saw,
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ุจุงู„ุฅุถุงูุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุฑู‚ุงู… ุงู„ุชูŠ ุดุงู‡ุฏุชู…ูˆู‡ุง ู„ู„ุชูˆุŒ
04:42
females are far more likely to be sexualized in film
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ุบุงู„ุจู‹ุง ู…ุง ุชูุตูŽูˆู‘ู‹ุฑ ุงู„ู†ุณุงุก ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูู„ุงู… ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุฌู†ุณูŠุฉ
04:46
than their male counterparts.
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ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ู†ุธุฑุงุฆู‡ู… ู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุฌุงู„.
04:48
Matter of fact, they're about three times as likely
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ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุนุŒ ู‡ู† ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ ุซู„ุงุซ ู…ุฑุงุช ุฃุฑุฌุญ
04:50
to be shown in sexually revealing clothing,
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ู„ุฃู† ูŠุธู‡ุฑู† ุจู…ู„ุงุจุณ ูƒุงุดูุฉ ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุฌู†ุณูŠุฉ
04:52
partially naked,
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ุฃูˆ ุดุจู‡ ุนุงุฑูŠุงุช
04:53
and they're far more likely to be thin.
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ูˆุฃูƒุซุฑ ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ู‹ุง ุฃู† ุชูƒู† ู†ุญูŠูุงุช.
04:56
Now, sometimes, in animation, females are so thin
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ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ุฑุณูˆู… ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฑูƒุฉุŒ ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฅู†ุงุซ ู†ุญูŠูุงุช ุฌุฏู‹ุง
05:00
that their waist size approximates the circumference of their upper arm.
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ู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฎุตุฑู‡ุง ูŠู‚ุงุฑุจ ู…ุญูŠุท ุฃุนู„ู‰ ุฐุงุฑุนู‡ุง.
05:04
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
05:06
We like to say that these gals have no room for a womb
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ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู† ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ุงู„ูุชูŠุงุช ู„ูŠุณุช ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู† ุฃูŠ ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ู„ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ุฑุญู…
05:09
or any other internal organ.
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ุฃูˆ ุฃูŠ ุนุถูˆ ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠ ุขุฎุฑ.
05:12
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
05:14
Now, all joking aside,
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ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ู„ู†ุถุน ุงู„ู…ุฒุงุญ ุฌุงู†ุจู‹ุงุŒ
05:16
theories suggest, research confirms,
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ุชุดูŠุฑ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุงุช ูˆุชุคูƒุฏ ุงู„ุฃุจุญุงุซ:
05:18
exposure to thin ideals and objectifying content
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ุงู„ุชุนุฑุถ ู„ู„ู‚ุฏูˆุงุช ุงู„ู†ุญูŠูุฉ ูˆุชุฌุณูŠู… ุงู„ู…ุญุชูˆู‰
05:20
can lead to body dissatisfaction, internalization of the thin ideal
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ู‚ุฏ ูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุนุฏู… ุงู„ุฑุถุง ุนู† ุงู„ุฌุณู…ุŒ ูˆุงุณุชุจุทุงู† ุงู„ู‚ุฏูˆุฉ ุงู„ู†ุญูŠูุฉ
05:24
and self-objectification among some female viewers.
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ูˆุชุดูŠูŠุก ุงู„ุฐุงุช ุจูŠู† ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ุดุงู‡ุฏูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุณุงุก.
05:28
Obviously, what we see on-screen
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ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆุงุถุญุŒ ุฃู† ู…ุง ู†ุฑุงู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดุงุดุฉ
05:30
and what we see in the world,
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ูˆู…ุง ู†ุฑุงู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุนุŒ
05:32
they do not match.
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ู„ุง ูŠุชุทุงุจู‚ุงู†.
05:34
They do not match!
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ุฅู†ู‡ุง ู„ุง ุชุชุทุงุจู‚!
05:35
Matter of fact, if we lived in the screen world,
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ููŠ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุŒ ุฅุฐุง ุนุดู†ุง ููŠ ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ุดุงุดุฉุŒ
05:38
we would have a population crisis on our hands.
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ุณุชูƒูˆู† ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุฃุฒู…ุฉ ุณูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจูŠู† ูŠุฏูŠู†ุง.
05:42
So, as soon as I recognized these patterns,
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ุณุฑุนุงู† ู…ุง ุชุนุฑูุช ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู†ู…ุงุทุŒ
05:44
I wanted to find out why,
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ูƒู†ุช ุฃุฑุบุจ ููŠ ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ุงู„ุณุจุจุŒ
05:45
and it turns out that there are two drivers to inequality on-screen:
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ูˆุชุจูŠู† ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุนุงู…ู„ูŠู† ู„ุนุฏู… ุงู„ู…ุณุงูˆุงุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดุงุดุฉ:
05:49
content creator gender and misperceptions of the audience.
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ุฌู†ุณ ุตุงู†ุน ุงู„ู…ุญุชูˆู‰ ูˆุณูˆุก ุงู„ูู‡ู… ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌู…ู‡ูˆุฑ.
05:53
Let's unpack them really quick.
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ุฏุนูˆู†ุง ู†ุณุชุนุฑุถ ุฐู„ูƒ ุณุฑูŠุนู‹ุง.
05:54
If you want to change any of the patterns I just talked about,
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ุฅุฐุง ุฃุฑุฏุช ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ุฃูŠู‹ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ู…ุงุฐุฌ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุญุฏุซุช ุนู†ู‡ุง ู„ู„ุชูˆุŒ
05:57
all you have to do is hire female directors.
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ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุนู„ูŠูƒ ูุนู„ู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุชุนูŠูŠู† ู…ุฎุฑุฌุงุช ุฅู†ุงุซ.
06:00
Turns out, the female directors
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ุงุชุถุญ ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุฎุฑุฌุงุช ุงู„ุฅู†ุงุซุŒ
06:02
are associated with, in terms of short films and indie films,
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ููŠู…ุง ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุงู„ุฃูู„ุงู… ุงู„ู‚ุตูŠุฑุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฃูู„ุงู… ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ู„ุฉุŒ
06:06
more girls and women on-screen,
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ู…ู‚ุชุฑู†ุงุช ุจูˆุฌูˆุฏ ูุชูŠุงุช ูˆู†ุณุงุก ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดุงุดุฉุŒ
06:08
more stories with women in the center,
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ูˆู‚ุตุต ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุญูŠุซ ุงู„ู†ุณุงุก ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุญูˆุฑุŒ
06:11
more stories with women 40 years of age or older on-screen,
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ูˆู‚ุตุต ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ุน ู†ุณุงุก ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุนู…ุฑ ุฃูˆ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดุงุดุฉุŒ
06:15
which I think is good news for this crowd.
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ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุฃุฎุจุงุฑ ุณุงุฑุฉ ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุญุดุฏ.
06:18
More underrepresented --
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ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุฎุตูŠุงุช ู†ุงู‚ุตุฉ ุงู„ุชู…ุซูŠู„ --
06:20
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
06:22
Sorry.
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ุขุณูุฉ.
06:23
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
06:25
Sorry but not sorry.
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ุฃุนุชุฐุฒ ูˆู„ูƒู†ู‘ูŠ ู„ุณุช ุขุณูุฉ.
06:26
More underrepresented characters in terms of race and ethnicity,
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ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุฎุตูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ู…ุซู„ุฉ ุชู…ุซูŠู„ู‹ุง ู†ุงู‚ุตู‹ุง ู…ู† ุญูŠุซ ุงู„ุนุฑู‚ ูˆุงู„ุฅุซู†ูŠุฉุŒ
06:30
and most importantly,
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ูˆุงู„ุฃู‡ู… ู…ู† ุฐู„ูƒุŒ
06:31
more women working behind the camera
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ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุณุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู…ู„ุงุช ุฎู„ู ุงู„ูƒุงู…ูŠุฑุง
06:33
in key production roles.
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ููŠ ุฃุฏูˆุงุฑ ุงู„ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠุฉ.
06:35
Easy answer to the problems that we just talked about.
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ุฅุฌุงุจุฉ ุณู‡ู„ุฉ ู„ู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุญุฏุซู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ุง ู„ู„ุชูˆ.
06:39
Or is it?
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ู‡ู„ ู‡ูŠ ูƒุฐู„ูƒุŸ
06:40
It's actually not.
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ุฅู†ู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ู„ูŠุณุช ูƒุฐู„ูƒ.
06:42
800 films, 2007-2015,
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800 ููŠู„ู…ุŒ 2007-2015
06:45
886 directors.
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886 ู…ูุฎุฑุฌู‹ุง.
06:47
Only 4.1 percent are women.
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4.1% ูู‚ุท ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุณุงุก.
06:51
Only three are African-American or black,
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ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ูู‚ุท ู‡ู… ู…ู† ุฃุตู„ ุฃูุฑูŠู‚ูŠ ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠ ุฃูˆ ุฃุณูˆุฏุŒ
06:54
and only one woman was Asian.
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ูˆุงู…ุฑุฃุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูู‚ุท ุขุณูŠูˆูŠุฉ.
06:57
So why is it so difficult
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ูู„ู…ุงุฐุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุตุนุจ ุฌุฏู‹ุง
07:00
to have female directors
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ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ุฎุฑุฌุงุช ุฅู†ุงุซ
07:02
if they're part of the solution?
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ุฅุฐุง ูƒู† ูŠูุดูƒู‘ูู„ู† ุฌุฒุกู‹ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุญู„ุŸ
07:05
Well, to answer this question,
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ุญุณู†ู‹ุงุŒ ู„ู„ุฅุฌุงุจุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ุŒ
07:07
we conducted a study.
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ู‚ู…ู†ุง ุจุฅุฌุฑุงุก ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ.
07:08
We interviewed dozens of industry insiders
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ุฃุฌุฑูŠู†ุง ู…ู‚ุงุจู„ุงุช ู…ุน ุงู„ุนุดุฑุงุช ู…ู† ุงู„ุนุงู…ู„ูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ
07:11
and asked them about directors.
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ูˆุณุฃู„ู†ุงู‡ู… ุนู† ุงู„ู…ุฎุฑุฌูŠู†.
07:13
Turns out, both male and female executives,
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ุชุจูŠู† ุฃู† ูƒู„ู‹ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุฐูƒูˆุฑ ูˆุงู„ุฅู†ุงุซ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุณุคูˆู„ูŠู† ุงู„ุชู†ูุฐูŠูŠู†ุŒ
07:17
when they think director,
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠููƒุฑูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฎุฑุฌุŒ
07:19
they think male.
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ูŠููƒุฑูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฐูƒูˆุฑ.
07:20
They perceive the traits of leadership
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ูŠุฑูˆู† ุฃู† ุณู…ุงุช ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงุฏุฉ
07:23
to be masculine in nature.
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ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุฐูƒูˆุฑูŠุฉ ููŠ ุทุจูŠุนุชู‡ุง.
07:25
So when they're going to hire a director
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠูˆุธููˆู† ู…ุฎุฑุฌู‹ุง
07:29
to command a crew, lead a ship,
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ู„ู‚ูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุทุงู‚ู… ูˆู‚ูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุณููŠู†ุฉ
07:31
be a visionary or be General Patton,
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ูˆูŠูƒูˆู† ุฐูˆ ุจุตูŠุฑุฉ ุฃูˆ ูŠูƒูˆู† (ุงู„ุฌู†ุฑุงู„ ุจุงุชูˆู†)ุŒ
07:33
all the things that we've heard --
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ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ุชูŠ ุณู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุง --
07:36
their thoughts and ideations pull male.
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ุฃููƒุงุฑู‡ู… ูˆุชุตูˆุฑุงุชู‡ู… ุชุฎุชุงุฑ ุงู„ุฐูƒูˆุฑ.
07:39
The perception of director or a leader
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ุชุตูˆุฑ ุงู„ู…ุฎุฑุฌ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠุฑ
07:42
is inconsistent with the perception of a woman.
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ู„ุง ูŠุชุณู‚ ู…ุน ุชุตูˆุฑ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฃุฉ.
07:45
The roles are incongruous,
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ุงู„ุฃุฏูˆุงุฑ ู…ุชุถุงุฑุจุฉุŒ
07:47
which is consistent with a lot of research in the psychological arena.
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ูˆู‡ูˆ ู…ุง ูŠุชุณู‚ ู…ุน ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจุญูˆุซ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„ ุงู„ู†ูุณูŠ.
07:52
Second factor contributing to inequality on-screen
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ุงู„ุนุงู…ู„ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุณุงู‡ู… ููŠ ุนุฏู… ุงู„ู…ุณุงูˆุงุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดุงุดุฉ
07:55
is misperceptions of the audience.
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ู‡ูˆ ุณูˆุก ุงู„ูู‡ู… ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌู…ู‡ูˆุฑ.
07:57
I don't need to tell this crowd:
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ู„ุง ุฃุญุชุงุฌ ุฃู† ุฃุฎุจุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุญุดุฏ:
07:59
50 percent of the people that go to the box office and buy tickets
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50% ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠุฐู‡ุจูˆู† ุฅู„ู‰ ุดุจุงูƒ ุงู„ุชุฐุงูƒุฑ ูˆูŠุดุชุฑูˆู†ู‡ุง
08:02
are girls and women in this country.
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ู‡ู… ู…ู† ุงู„ูุชูŠุงุช ูˆุงู„ู†ุณุงุก ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุจู„ุฏ.
08:04
Right?
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ุตุญูŠุญุŸ
08:05
But we're not perceived to be a viable or financially lucrative target audience.
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ู„ูƒู† ู„ุง ูŠูู†ุธุฑ ุฅู„ูŠู†ุง ูƒู…ุฌู‡ูˆุฑ ู…ุณุชู‡ุฏู ู…ุฑุจุญ ู…ุงุฏูŠู‹ุง ูˆู‚ุงุจู„ ู„ู„ุงุณุชู…ุฑุงุฑ.
08:11
Further, there's some misperceptions
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ูˆุนู„ุงูˆุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุชุตูˆุฑุงุช ุงู„ุฎุงุทุฆุฉ
08:13
about whether females can open a film.
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ุญูˆู„ ู…ุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ุฅู†ุงุซ ุชุณุชุทูŠุน ูุชุญ ููŠู„ู….
08:16
Open a film means that if you place a female at the center,
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ูุชุญ ุงู„ููŠู„ู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ุชุถุน ุฃู†ุซู‰ ููŠ ู…ุญูˆุฑ ุงู„ู‚ุตุฉุŒ
08:19
it doesn't have the return on investment
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ู„ู† ุชุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนุงุฆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงุณุชุซู…ุงุฑ
08:21
that if you place a male at the center of a story does.
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ูƒู…ุง ู„ูˆ ุถุนุช ุฐูƒุฑู‹ุง ูƒู…ุญูˆุฑ ู„ู„ู‚ุตุฉ.
08:25
This misperception is actually costly.
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ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูู‡ู… ุงู„ุฎุงุทุฆ ู…ูƒู„ู ูุนู„ู‹ุง.
08:28
Right?
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ุตุญูŠุญุŸ
08:30
Especially in the wake of franchise successes
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ุฎุงุตุฉ ููŠ ุฃุนู‚ุงุจ ู†ุฌุงุญุงุช ู…ุชู…ูŠุฒุฉ
08:32
like "The Hunger Games,"
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ู…ุซู„ "The Hunger Games"ุŒ
08:34
"Pitch Perfect"
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"Pitch Perfect"
08:35
or that small little indie film, "Star Wars: The Force Awakens."
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ุฃูˆ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ููŠู„ู… ุงู„ุตุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ู„ุŒ "Star Wars: The Force Awakens".
08:41
Our own economic analyses show that gender of the lead character
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ุชุดูŠุฑ ุชุญู„ูŠู„ุงุชู†ุง ุงู„ุงู‚ุชุตุงุฏูŠุฉ ุฃู† ุฌู†ุณ ุงู„ุดุฎุตูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠุฉ
08:45
doesn't play a role in economic success in the United States.
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ู„ูŠุณ ู„ู‡ ุฃูŠ ุฏูˆุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุฌุงุญ ุงู„ุงู‚ุชุตุงุฏูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ.
08:48
But what does?
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ู…ุง ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู„ู‡ ุฏูˆุฑุŸ
08:49
Production costs alone
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ุชูƒุงู„ูŠู ุงู„ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ูˆุญุฏู‡ุง
08:51
or in conjunction with how widely a film is distributed in this country.
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ุฃูˆ ุจุงู„ุงุดุชุฑุงูƒ ู…ุน ู…ุฏู‰ ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑ ูˆุชูˆุฒูŠุน ุงู„ููŠู„ู… ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุจู„ุฏ.
08:58
It's not the gender of the lead character.
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ูˆู„ูŠุณ ุฌู†ุณ ุงู„ุดุฎุตูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠุฉ.
09:00
So at this point, we should all be sufficiently depressed.
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ุญุชู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉุŒ ูŠู†ุจุบูŠ ุฃู† ู†ูƒูˆู† ุฌู…ูŠุนู‹ุง ู…ูƒุชุฆุจูŠู† ุจู…ุง ููŠู‡ ุงู„ูƒูุงูŠุฉ.
09:05
No change in 50 years,
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ู„ู… ูŠุทุฑุฃ ุฃูŠ ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ู…ู†ุฐ 50 ุนุงู…ู‹ุงุŒ
09:06
few female directors working behind the camera
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ุนุฏุฏ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฎุฑุฌุงุช ูŠุนู…ู„ู† ุฎู„ู ุงู„ูƒุงู…ูŠุฑุงุช
09:09
and the entertainment industry does not trust us as an audience.
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ูˆุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุชุฑููŠู‡ ู„ุง ุชุซู‚ ุจู†ุง ูƒุฌู…ู‡ูˆุฑ.
09:14
Well, I told you there would be a silver lining,
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ุญุณู†ู‹ุงุŒ ู„ู‚ุฏ ุฃุฎุจุฑุชูƒู… ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฌุงู†ุจ ู…ุดุฑู‚ุŒ
09:16
and there is.
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ูˆู‡ูˆ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ.
09:18
There are actually simple and tangible solutions
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ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุญู„ูˆู„ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ูˆู…ู„ู…ูˆุณุฉ
09:21
to fixing this problem
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ู„ุฅุตู„ุงุญ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ
09:23
that involve content creators,
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ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุดู…ู„ ุตู†ู‘ุงุน ุงู„ู…ุญุชูˆู‰ุŒ
09:25
executives and consumers
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ูˆุงู„ู…ุฏูŠุฑูŠู† ุงู„ุชู†ููŠุฐูŠูŠู† ูˆุงู„ู…ุณุชู‡ู„ูƒูŠู†
09:27
like the individuals in this room.
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ู…ุซู„ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ุฃูุฑุงุฏ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุงุนุฉ.
09:29
Let's talk about a few of them.
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ุฏุนูˆู†ุง ู†ุชุญุฏุซ ุนู† ุนุฏุฏ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ู…ู†ู‡ู….
09:31
The first is what I call "just add five."
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ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุง ุฃุฏุนูˆู‡ ุจ"ูู‚ุท ุฃุถู ุฎู…ุณุฉ".
09:34
Did you know if we looked at the top 100 films next year
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ู‡ู„ ุชุนู„ู…ูˆู† ุฃู†ู†ุง ู„ูˆ ู†ุธุฑู†ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃูุถู„ 100 ููŠู„ู… ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู… ุงู„ู…ู‚ุจู„
09:37
and simply added five female speaking characters on-screen
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ูˆุฃุถูู†ุง ุฎู…ุณ ุดุฎุตูŠุงุช ู†ุณุงุฆูŠุฉ ู†ุงุทู‚ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดุงุดุฉ
09:40
to each of those films,
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ู„ูƒู„ ู…ู† ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฃูู„ุงู…ุŒ
09:41
it would create a new norm.
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ุฐู„ูƒ ู…ู† ุดุฃู†ู‡ ุฃู† ูŠุฎู„ู‚ ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ.
09:43
If we were to do this for three contiguous years,
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ุฅู† ูุนู„ู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ู„ุซู„ุงุซ ุณู†ูˆุงุชู ู…ุชุตู„ุฉุŒ
09:46
we would be at gender parity
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ุณุชูƒูˆู† ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ู…ุณุงูˆุงุฉ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฌู†ุณูŠู†
09:48
for the first time in over a half of a century.
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ู„ู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู…ู†ุฐ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ู†ุตู ู‚ุฑู†.
09:53
Now, this approach is advantageous for a variety of reasons.
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ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ู‡ุฌ ู…ููŠุฏ ู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ุชู†ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุณุจุงุจ.
09:56
One? It doesn't take away jobs for male actors.
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ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุŸ ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ุง ูŠุณู„ุจ ูุฑุต ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู…ุซู„ูŠู† ุงู„ุฐูƒูˆุฑ.
10:00
Heaven forbid.
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ู„ุง ุณู…ุญ ุงู„ู„ู‡.
10:02
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
10:04
Two, it's actually cost-effective. It doesn't cost that much.
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ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุŒ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ูุนู‘ุงู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุญูŠุซ ุงู„ุชูƒู„ูุฉ. ุฅู†ู‡ุง ู„ุง ุชูƒู„ู ูƒุซูŠุฑู‹ุง.
10:08
Three, it builds a pipeline for talent.
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ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุชุจู†ูŠ ุฎุทู‹ุง ู„ู„ู…ูˆุงู‡ุจ.
10:10
And four, it humanizes the production process.
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ูˆุงู„ุฑุงุจุนุŒ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชุฌุนู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ู…ุชุญุถุฑุฉ.
10:13
Why? Because it makes sure that there's women on set.
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ู„ู…ุงุฐุงุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชุถู…ู† ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู†ุณุงุก ููŠ ู…ูˆู‚ุน ุงู„ุชุตูˆูŠุฑ.
10:17
Second solution is for A-list talent.
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ุงู„ุญู„ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู„ู†ุฌูˆู… ุงู„ุตู ุงู„ุฃูˆู„.
10:20
A-listers, as we all know, can make demands in their contracts,
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ูƒู…ุง ู†ุนุฑู ุฌู…ูŠุนู‹ุง ุฃู† ู†ุฌูˆู… ุงู„ุตู ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุจุฅู…ูƒุงู†ู‡ู… ุฅุถุงูุฉ ู…ุทุงู„ุจ ู„ุนู‚ูˆุฏู‡ู…ุŒ
10:24
particularly the ones that work on the biggest Hollywood films.
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ูˆุฎุงุตุฉ ุฃูˆู„ุฆูƒ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠุนู…ู„ูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุฃูู„ุงู… ู‡ูˆู„ูŠูˆูˆุฏ.
10:27
What if those A-listers
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ู…ุงุฐุง ู„ูˆ ู‚ุงู… ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ุงู„ู†ุฌูˆู…
10:29
simply added an equity clause or an inclusion rider
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ุจุฅุถุงูุฉ ุจู†ุฏ ู„ู„ู…ุณุงูˆุงุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุชุถู…ูŠู†
10:33
into their contract?
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ููŠ ุนู‚ูˆุฏู‡ู…ุŸ
10:35
Now, what does that mean?
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ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฐู„ูƒุŸ
10:37
Well, you probably don't know
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ุญุณู†ู‹ุงุŒ ู…ู† ุงู„ุบุงู„ุจ ุฃู†ูƒ ู„ุง ุชุนุฑู ู‡ุฐุง
10:39
but the typical feature film
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุงู„ููŠู„ู… ุงู„ุทูˆูŠู„ ุงู„ุนุงุฏูŠ
10:40
has about 40 to 45 speaking characters in it.
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ูŠุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ 40 ุฅู„ู‰ 45 ุดุฎุตูŠุฉ ู†ุงุทู‚ุฉ.
10:44
I would argue that only 8 to 10 of those characters
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ุฃู†ุง ุฃุฒุนู… ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ู† 8 ุฅู„ู‰ 10 ุดุฎูŠุตุงุช ูู‚ุท ู…ู† ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุดุฎุตูŠุงุช
10:47
are actually relevant to the story.
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ู‡ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุฐุงุช ุตู„ุฉ ุจุงู„ู‚ุตุฉ.
10:50
Except maybe "Avengers." Right?
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ุจุงุณุชุซู†ุงุก ุฑุจู…ุง ููŠู„ู… "Avengers". ุฃู„ูŠุณ ูƒุฐู„ูƒุŸ
10:52
A few more in "Avengers."
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ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุนุฏุฏ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ููŠ ููŠู„ู… "Avengers".
10:55
The remaining 30 or so roles,
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ุซู„ุงุซูˆู† ุฃูˆ ู†ุญูˆ ุฐู„ูƒ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุฏูˆุงุฑ ุงู„ู…ุชุจู‚ูŠุฉุŒ
10:57
there's no reason why those minor roles
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ู„ูŠุณ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุณุจุจ ูŠุฌุนู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุฏูˆุงุฑ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูˆูŠุฉ
11:00
can't match or reflect the demography
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ู„ุง ุชุชุทุงุจู‚ ุฃูˆ ุชุนูƒุณ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจุฉ ุงู„ุณูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ
11:03
of where the story is taking place.
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ู„ู„ู…ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุชุญุฏุซ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุตุฉ.
11:06
An equity rider by an A-lister in their contract
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ุฅุฏุงุฑุฌ ุงู„ู†ุฌูˆู… ู„ู…ู„ุญู‚ ู…ุณุงูˆุงุฉ ููŠ ุนู‚ูˆุฏู‡ู…
11:10
can stipulate that those roles
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ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠู†ุต ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู† ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฃุฏูˆุงุฑ
11:12
reflect the world in which we actually live.
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ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ุชุนูƒุณ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู†ุนูŠุด ููŠู‡ ูุนู„ู‹ุง.
11:16
Now, there's no reason why a network,
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ูˆู„ูŠุณ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุณุจุจ ูŠุฏุนูˆ ุงู„ุดุจูƒุฉุŒ
11:18
a studio or a production company
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ุฃูˆุงู„ุงุณุชูˆุฏูŠูˆ ุฃูˆ ุดุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ
11:21
cannot adopt the same contractual language
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ู„ุนุฏู… ุงุนุชู…ุงุฏ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุชุนุงู‚ุฏูŠุฉ
11:24
in their negotiation processes.
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ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุงุชู‡ู… ุงู„ุชูุงูˆุถูŠุฉ.
11:27
Third solution:
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ุงู„ุญู„ ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ:
11:29
this would be for the entertainment industry,
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุชุฑููŠู‡ุŒ
11:31
Hollywood in particular,
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ู‡ูˆู„ูŠูˆูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุฌู‡ ุงู„ุฎุตูˆุตุŒ
11:32
to adopt the Rooney Rule
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ู„ุงุนุชู…ุงุฏ "ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ุฑูˆู†ูŠ"
11:35
when it comes to hiring practices around directors.
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุจู…ู…ุงุฑุณุงุช ุงู„ุชูˆุธูŠู ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู…ุฎุฑุฌูŠู†.
11:39
Now, in the NFL, the Rooney Rule stipulates
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ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ููŠ ุงุชุญุงุฏ ูƒุฑุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุฏู… ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠุŒ ุชู†ุต ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ุฑูˆู†ูŠ ุนู„ู‰
11:42
that if a team wants to hire a coach from outside the organization,
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ุฃู†ู‡ ุฅุฐุง ุฃุฑุงุฏ ูุฑูŠู‚ ุชุนูŠูŠู† ู…ุฏุฑุจ ู…ู† ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุงู„ู…ู†ุธู…ุฉุŒ
11:45
what they have to do is interview an underrepresented candidate.
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ู…ุง ูŠุฌุจ ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ูุนู„ู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุฅุฌุฑุงุก ู…ู‚ุงุจู„ุฉ ู…ุน ู…ุฑุดุญ ู…ู† ู…ู†ู‚ูˆุตูŠ ุงู„ุชู…ุซูŠู„.
11:49
The exact same principle can apply to Hollywood films.
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ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ุจุฏุฃ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠุทุจู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃูู„ุงู… ู‡ูˆู„ูŠูˆูˆุฏ.
11:54
How?
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ูƒูŠูุŸ
11:55
Well, on these top films,
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ุญุณู†ู‹ุงุŒ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃูู„ุงู… ุงู„ุนู„ูŠุงุŒ
11:56
executives and agents can make sure
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ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠุฑูŠู† ุงู„ุชู†ููŠุฐูŠูŠู† ูˆุงู„ูˆูƒู„ุงุก ูŠู…ูƒู†ู‡ู… ุงู„ุชุฃูƒุฏ
12:00
that women and people of color are not only on the consideration list,
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ุฃู† ุงู„ู†ุณุงุก ูˆุงู„ู…ู„ูˆู†ูŠู† ู„ูŠุณูˆุง ูู‚ุท ุนู„ู‰ ู‚ุงุฆู…ุฉ ุงู„ุงุนุชุจุงุฑุŒ
12:05
but they're actually interviewed for the job.
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุชู…ุช ู…ู‚ุงุจู„ุชู‡ู… ูุนู„ูŠู‹ุง ู…ู† ุฃุฌู„ ุงู„ูˆุธูŠูุฉ.
12:08
Now, one might say,
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ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู† ู„ู„ู…ุฑุก ุฃู† ูŠู‚ูˆู„ุŒ
12:10
why is this important?
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ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู‡ู…ุŸ
12:11
Because it exposes or introduces executives to female directors
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ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุนุฑุถ ุฃูˆ ูŠู‚ุฏู… ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠุฑูŠู† ุงู„ุชู†ููŠุฐูŠูŠู† ู„ู„ู…ุฎุฑุฌุงุช ุงู„ุฅู†ุงุซ
12:17
who otherwise fall prey to exclusionary hiring practices.
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ุงู„ู„ุงุชูŠ ูŠู‚ุนู† ูุฑูŠุณุฉ ู„ู…ู…ุงุฑุณุงุช ุงู„ุชูˆุธูŠู ุงู„ุฅู‚ุตุงุฆูŠุฉ.
12:22
The fourth solution
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ุงู„ุญู„ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุน
12:23
is for consumers like me and you.
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ูˆู‡ูˆ ู„ู„ู…ุณุชู‡ู„ูƒูŠู† ู…ุซู„ูŠ ูˆู…ุซู„ูƒู….
ุฅุฐุง ุฃุฑุฏู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ุฑู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃูู„ุงู… ุงู„ู…ุตู†ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ู‚ูุจู„ ูˆู„ุฃุฌู„ ูˆุญูˆู„ ุงู„ู†ุณุงุก
12:27
If we want to see more films by, for and about women,
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12:30
we have to support them.
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ูŠุฌุจ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุฏุนู…ู‡ู†.
12:32
It may mean going to the independent theater chain
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ูˆู‚ุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฐู‡ุงุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ุณู„ุณู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุฑุญ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ู„ุฉ
12:34
instead of the multiplex.
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ุจุฏู„ู‹ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุชุนุฏุฏุฉ.
12:36
Or it might mean scrolling down a little further online
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ุฃูˆ ู‚ุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู†ุฒูˆู„ ุจุงู„ู‚ุงุฆู…ุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃุณูู„ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ู‹ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฑู†ุช
12:40
to find a film by a female director.
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ู„ุชุฌุฏ ููŠู„ู…ู‹ุง ู„ู…ุฎุฑุฌุฉ ุฃู†ุซู‰.
12:42
Or it may be writing a check and funding a film,
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ุฃูˆ ู‚ุฏ ูŠูƒูˆู† ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ุดูŠูƒ ูˆุชู…ูˆูŠู„ ููŠู„ู…ุŒ
12:45
particularly by a female director from an underrepresented background.
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ูˆู„ุงุณูŠู…ุง ู…ู† ุฌุงู†ุจ ู…ุฎุฑุฌุฉ ู…ู† ุฎู„ููŠุฉ ู†ุงู‚ุตุฉ ุงู„ุชู…ุซูŠู„.
12:50
Right?
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ุตุญูŠุญุŸ
12:51
We need to write, call and email companies
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ู†ุญู† ุจุญุงุฌุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ูˆุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ูˆู…ุฑุงุณู„ุฉ ุงู„ุดุฑูƒุงุช
12:54
that are making and distributing films,
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุตู†ุน ูˆุชูˆุฒุน ุงู„ุฃูู„ุงู…ุŒ
12:56
and we need to post on our social media accounts
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ูˆู†ุญู† ุจุญุงุฌุฉ ู„ุฃู† ู†ู†ุดุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุญุณุงุจุงุชู†ุง ู„ู„ุชูˆุงุตู„ ุงู„ุงุฌุชู…ุงุนูŠ
12:59
when we want to see inclusive representation,
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ู†ุฑูŠุฏ ุฃู† ู†ุฑู‰ ุงู„ุชู…ุซูŠู„ ุงู„ุดุงู…ู„ุŒ
13:02
women on-screen,
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ุงู„ู†ุณุงุก ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดุงุดุฉุŒ
13:03
and most importantly, women behind the camera.
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ูˆ ุงู„ุฃู‡ู… ู…ู† ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ู†ุณุงุก ุฎู„ู ุงู„ูƒุงู…ูŠุฑุง.
13:07
We need to make our voices heard and our dollars count.
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ู†ุญู† ุจุญุงุฌุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃู† ู†ุฌุนู„ ุฃุตูˆุงุชู†ุง ู…ุณู…ูˆุนุฉ ูˆุฃู…ูˆุงู„ู†ุง ู…ุคุซุฑุฉ.
13:13
Now, we actually have the ability to change the world on this one.
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ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุจุงู„ูุนู„ ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ.
13:19
The US and its content,
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ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ ูˆู…ุญุชูˆุงู‡ุงุŒ
13:21
films in particular,
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ุงู„ุฃูู„ุงู… ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุฌู‡ ุงู„ุฎุตูˆุตุŒ
13:23
have captured the imaginations of audiences worldwide.
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ู‚ุฏ ุงุณุชุญูˆุฐุช ุนู„ู‰ ุฎูŠุงู„ ุงู„ุฌู…ุงู‡ูŠุฑ ููŠ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู….
13:28
Worldwide.
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ููŠ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู….
13:30
So that means that the film industry has unprecedented access
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู† ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุณูŠู†ู…ุง ู„ุฏูŠู‡ุง ูˆุตูˆู„ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุณุจูˆู‚
13:35
to be able to distribute stories about equality
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ู„ุชูƒูˆู† ู‚ุงุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุชูˆุฒูŠุน ู‚ุตุต ุนู† ุงู„ู…ุณุงูˆุงุฉ
13:40
all around the world.
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ููŠ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู….
13:42
Imagine what would happen
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ุชุฎูŠู„ ู…ุง ุณูŠุญุฏุซ
13:44
if the film industry aligned its values
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ุฅุฐุง ุฃูŠุฏุช ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุณูŠู†ู…ุง ู‚ูŠู…ู‡ุง
13:47
with what it shows on-screen.
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ู…ุน ู…ุง ูŠุนุฑุถ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดุงุดุฉ.
13:50
It could foster inclusion
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ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุชุนุฒุฒ ุงู„ุชุถู…ูŠู†
13:52
and acceptance for girls and women,
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ูˆุงู„ู‚ุจูˆู„ ู„ู„ูุชูŠุงุช ูˆุงู„ู†ุณุงุกุŒ
13:55
people of color,
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ูˆุงู„ู…ู„ูˆู†ูŠู†ุŒ
13:57
the LGBT community,
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ูˆู…ุฌุชู…ุน ุงู„ู…ุซู„ูŠูŠู†ุŒ
13:58
individuals with disabilities,
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ูˆุงู„ุฃูุฑุงุฏ ุฐูˆูŠ ุงู„ุฅุนุงู‚ุฉุŒ
14:00
and so many more around the world.
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ูˆุบูŠุฑ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ููŠ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู….
14:05
The only thing that the film industry has to do is unleash its secret weapon,
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ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุณูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ุงู„ุนู†ุงู† ู„ุณู„ุงุญู‡ุง ุงู„ุณุฑูŠุŒ
14:11
and that's storytelling.
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ูˆู‡ูˆ ุฑูˆุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุตุต.
14:15
Now, at the beginning of this talk,
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ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ููŠ ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุฏุซุฉุŒ
14:17
I said that films --
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ู‚ู„ุช ุฃู† ุงู„ุฃูู„ุงู… --
14:19
that they can actually transport us,
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ุฃู†ู‡ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุชู†ู‚ู„ู†ุง ูุนู„ู‹ุงุŒ
14:22
but I would like to argue that films, they can transform us.
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุฃูˆุฏ ุงู„ู‚ูˆู„ ุจุฃู† ุงู„ุฃูู„ุงู…ุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู‡ุง ุฃู† ุชุบูŠุฑู†ุง.
14:28
None of us in this room
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ู„ุง ุฃุญุฏ ู…ู†ุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุงุนุฉ
14:30
have grown up or experienced a storytelling landscape
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ู†ุดุฃ ุฃูˆ ุชุนุฑุถ ู„ุฑุงูˆูŠุฉ ู‚ุตุฉ
14:34
with fully realized female characters,
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ุชุญู‚ู‚ุช ูƒู„ูŠู‹ุง ุจุดุฎุตูŠุงุช ู†ุณุงุฆูŠุฉุŒ
14:38
none of us,
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ู„ุง ุฃุญุฏ ู…ู†ู‘ุงุŒ
14:39
because the numbers haven't changed.
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ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุฃุฑู‚ุงู… ู„ู… ุชุชุบูŠุฑ.
14:42
What would happen if the next generation of audiences
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ู…ุงุฐุง ุณูŠุญุฏุซ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุฌูŠู„ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏู… ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌู…ุงู‡ูŠุฑ
14:46
grew up with a whole different screen reality?
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ู†ุดุฃ ู…ุน ูˆุงู‚ุน ู…ุฎุชู„ู ุชู…ุงู…ู‹ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดุงุดุฉุŸ
14:51
What would happen?
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ู…ุง ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุณูŠุญุฏุซุŸ
14:52
Well I'm here to tell you today
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ุญุณู†ู‹ุง ุฃู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู„ุฃุฎุจุฑูƒู…
14:54
that it's not only possible to change what we see on-screen
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ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ูŠุณ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู…ูƒู† ูู‚ุท ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ู…ุง ู†ุฑุงู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดุงุดุฉ
14:58
but I am impatient for it to get here.
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ู„ูƒู†ู†ูŠ ุฃุชูˆู‚ ู„ูˆุตูˆู„ู‡ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ.
15:03
So let's agree to take action today
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุฏุนูˆู†ุง ู†ุชูู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุชุฎุงุฐ ุฅุฌุฑุงุก ุงู„ูŠูˆู…
15:07
to eradicate the epidemic of invisibility.
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ู„ู„ู‚ุถุงุก ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุจุงุก ุงู„ุฎูุงุก.
15:11
And let's agree to take action today
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ูˆุฏุนูˆู†ุง ู†ุชูู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุชุฎุงุฐ ุฅุฌุฑุงุก ุงู„ูŠูˆู…
15:14
to agree that US audiences and global viewers
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ู„ู„ุงุชูุงู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู† ุฌู…ุงู‡ูŠุฑ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ ูˆุงู„ู…ุดุงู‡ุฏูŠู† ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠูŠู†
15:18
demand and deserve more.
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ูŠุทู„ุจูˆู† ูˆูŠุณุชุญู‚ูˆู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ.
15:21
And let's agree today
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ูˆู„ู†ุชูู‚ ุงู„ูŠูˆู…
15:24
that the next generation of viewers and audiences,
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ุฃู† ุงู„ุฌูŠู„ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏู… ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุดุงู‡ุฏูŠู† ูˆุงู„ุฌู…ุงู‡ูŠุฑุŒ
15:29
that they deserve to see the stories
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ูŠุณุชุญู‚ูˆู† ุฑุคูŠุฉ ู‚ุตุต
15:32
we were never able to see.
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ู„ู… ู†ูƒู† ู‚ุงุฏุฑูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุฑุคูŠุชู‡ุง ุฃุจุฏู‹ุง.
15:35
Thank you.
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ุดูƒุฑู‹ุง ู„ูƒู….
15:37
(Applause)
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(ุชุตููŠู‚)
ุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน

ุณูŠู‚ุฏู… ู„ูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ู…ู‚ุงุทุน ููŠุฏูŠูˆ YouTube ุงู„ู…ููŠุฏุฉ ู„ุชุนู„ู… ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ. ุณุชุฑู‰ ุฏุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุชู… ุชุฏุฑูŠุณู‡ุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุฏุฑุณูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…. ุงู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆุถุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุตูุญุฉ ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ. ูŠุชู… ุชู…ุฑูŠุฑ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุงุช ุจุงู„ุชุฒุงู…ู† ู…ุน ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ. ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุฃูŠ ุชุนู„ูŠู‚ุงุช ุฃูˆ ุทู„ุจุงุช ุŒ ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ุจู†ุง ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง.

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