The secrets of the world’s most famous symphony - Hanako Sawada

1,695,583 views ・ 2021-09-21

TED-Ed


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Translator: Wing Chan Reviewer: Thomas Tam
00:12
These eight ferocious notes
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呢八個厲害音符
00:14
open one of the most explosive pieces of music ever composed.
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為音樂史上最震撼嘅一首樂曲、打開序幕
路德維希·範·貝多芬《第 5 號交響曲》
00:19
Ludwig van Beethoven’s Symphony Number Five
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00:21
premiered in 1808, on a blisteringly cold Vienna night.
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1808 年喺維也納 一個極之寒冷嘅晚上首演
00:26
The piece was just one small part of a lengthy program,
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呢個樂章只係漫長節目嘅小部分
00:30
and the orchestra had been hastily assembled and under-rehearsed.
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管弦樂隊,係排練不足嘅匆忙組合
00:34
But despite this inauspicious premiere, the symphony quickly won acclaim.
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睇嚟首演就出師不利 但係呢首交響曲好快就贏得讚賞
00:39
One critic likened the piece to “glowing beams of light,
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有位評論家將交響曲
比作「一束亮光,劃破黑暗。」
00:43
piercing through the darkness.”
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00:45
This intensity persists throughout the composition,
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音樂嘅強度貫穿整個作品
00:48
and its dramatic musicality continues to move listeners today.
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第 5 號交響曲戲劇性嘅音樂 繼續觸動今日嘅聽眾
00:53
So what exactly makes Beethoven’s Fifth so captivating?
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其實係乜嘢令貝多芬 第 5 號交響曲如此吸引呢?
00:59
When the symphony premiered, Beethoven already had a formidable reputation.
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喺交響曲首演時 貝多芬已經相當有名
01:03
While his peers produced music exclusively for religious functions or private events
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大多數同輩作曲家 係為宗教或私人活動撰寫音樂
01:08
held by their wealthy patrons,
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服務富有嘅讚助人
01:10
Beethoven was one of the first freelance composers.
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但貝多芬係最早一位自由嘅作曲家
01:13
He made his living composing and selling his music
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佢靠出售同創作音樂維生
01:16
to publishers in multiple countries
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賣畀唔同國家嘅發行人
01:18
and showcasing his compositions to an adoring public.
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同彈奏音樂畀啲傾慕佢嘅觀眾聽
01:21
This career choice gave him the flexibility to compose for self-expression
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貝多芬嘅職業選擇 畀佢靈活創作自由
01:26
and Beethoven was always pursuing new ways
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佢亦經常使用新穎方法
01:29
to translate his powerful emotions into music.
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將佢強烈嘅情感注入到音樂裏面
01:33
At the time, most composers worked within the Classical style,
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當時大部分作曲家 用古典模式做音樂創作
01:36
which offered limited options for a piece’s overarching structure
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呢種創作模式限制咗樂曲整體結構
01:40
and instrumentation.
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同樂器組合
01:41
Beethoven composed most of his earlier pieces in this tradition,
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而貝多芬早期嘅創作 係以傳統方式寫成
01:45
following in the footsteps of role models like Mozart and Haydn.
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跟住前人莫扎持同海頓等嘅軌跡
01:49
But with his Fifth Symphony, he experimented with elements of Romanticism.
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但喺第 5 號交響曲度 佢嘗試加入浪漫主義元素
01:54
This blossoming mode of composition was known for its expressive melodies,
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呢種蓬勃發展嘅作曲方式 係靠有豐富表現力嘅旋律
01:59
extended forms and surprising instrumentations.
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多變嘅形式同令人驚喜 樂器嘅選擇而聞名
交響曲嘅第一樂章 喺採用古典奏鳴曲形式
02:03
The first movement of Beethoven’s Fifth uses a Classical sonata form,
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02:07
in which a central musical idea is explored, developed, and repeated
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以不同方式探索、發展
02:11
in an altered manner.
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同重複變奏
02:13
Within these parameters, he explores a simple idea with incredible depth.
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貝多芬喺呢個框架度 以簡單想法作深層次嘅演譯
02:18
A single rhythmic motif serves as the building block for most of the movement:
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以單一節奏主題 作為樂曲構成大部分嘅基石
02:23
three short notes, followed by a lingering fourth.
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喺三個短音符後 加上特長第四個音符
02:26
One of Beethoven’s biographers would later call this pattern the “fate motif,”
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有位撰寫貝多芬生平學者 稱呢段音符為「命運樂想」
02:32
because it suggests the figure of fate knocking at the door.
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因為佢暗示咗命運叩門嘅意象
02:35
While it's not clear if Beethoven composed the motif with fate in mind,
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就算唔肯定佢創作時候 有無諗過命運之神
02:39
these notes certainly create a gripping hook.
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但啲音符肯定牽動 每個人心弦
02:43
The rhythmic pattern creates forward movement,
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節奏模式創造向前動力
02:45
while the prolonged fourth note signals doom.
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而且延長嘅四分音符 則預示厄運
02:48
This motif haunts the symphony,
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樂想喺交響樂中迴盪
02:50
including its accompanying parts and rhythmic flourishes.
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包括佢嘅伴奏部分 同號角華麗奏
02:53
Beethoven experiments with dozens of variations,
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貝多芬試驗咗幾十種變奏
02:57
playing out across different instruments and pitches.
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喺唔同樂器同音高度演奏
03:00
Throughout the piece, this motif is passed around the orchestra like a whisper,
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喺整首樂曲度 呢個樂想、好似細細聲
03:04
gradually reaching more and more instruments until it becomes a roar.
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然後逐漸加入、越來越多嘅樂器 構成澎湃激昂嘅樂章
03:10
The motif’s inventive repetition is a large part
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樂想被創造性重複
03:13
of what makes this piece so memorable,
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構成令人難忘主要部分
03:15
but it’s not the only innovation on display.
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呢個唔係佢唯一嘅創新
03:18
This was the first major orchestral composition to use trombones,
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今次係第一首加入 長號嘅管弦樂作品
03:23
and Beethoven also employs a high-pitched piccolo
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貝多芬還使用咗高音短笛
03:26
and a low-pitched contrabassoon
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同低音巴松管
03:28
to give the orchestra a wider range than most classical compositions.
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為管弦樂隊提供 比大多數古典作品更廣泛音域
03:32
Exaggerated musical dynamics further heighten the drama.
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經誇張後動態音樂 進一步將戲劇性增強
03:36
And harmonically, the piece has a clear emotional arc—
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喺和聲方面 樂曲有清晰感情起伏
03:40
beginning in a somber C minor and ending in a triumphant C major.
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以憂鬱嘅 c 小調開始 用 C 大調凱旋結尾
03:46
This progression, from ominous unease to majestic resolution,
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樂曲由不祥嘅預兆感 到富麗堂皇嘅進程
03:50
is a testament to Beethoven’s ability to inject raw emotionality into his music.
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證明貝多芬有能力 將原始感情注入到音樂
03:56
He wrote this symphony while battling with hearing loss,
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喺創作樂曲時 佢正係跟失聰搏鬥
03:59
and his anguish can be heard in the composition’s
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悲痛心情可以喺
04:02
thunderous and repeating musical phrases.
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重複雷鳴般嘅樂句度聽到
04:05
Beethoven continued to compose even after he became completely deaf,
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貝多芬完全失聰之後 佢依然繼續生產
04:09
producing innovative music until his death in 1827.
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富有創意嘅音樂 直到 1827 年去世
04:14
And the Fifth Symphony’s central motif has continued to resound through the ages.
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第 5 號交響曲嘅中心樂想 一直迴盪喺各個時代
04:19
Outside of concert halls,
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離開咗音樂廳
04:21
the piece has become a symbol for suspense, revelation, and triumph.
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呢首樂曲已經成為懸念 啟示同勝利嘅象徵
04:26
The fate motif sounds out the letter V in Morse code,
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「命運樂想」喺摩斯電碼 發出字母「V 」聲音
04:30
and during World War II,
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喺二戰期間
04:31
the Fifth Symphony became a code for victory amongst the Allies.
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第 5 號交響曲成為盟軍勝利嘅代碼
04:36
The iconic composition can be found in film scores,
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呢首具代表性樂曲 可以喺電影配樂中找到
04:39
and it’s even been explored through musical reinterpretations and visual art.
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甚至喺音樂重新詮釋 同視覺藝術探索中找到
04:44
But whatever the context,
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但無論係咩嘢嘅背景
04:46
Beethoven’s Fifth takes its listeners through a dark world,
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貝多芬第 5 號交響曲 會帶聽眾穿越黑暗嘅世界
04:51
then guides them into the light.
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然後再引導佢哋走向光明
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