Does stress cause pimples? - Claudia Aguirre

压力会造成青春痘吗？ —— Claudia Aguirre

Translator: tom carter Reviewer: Bedirhan Cinar

翻译人员: Minji Seo 校对人员: Dong Mao

She's only a few feet away.

她就在不远处

The closer he gets, the more nervous he becomes,

他越走近 越紧张

the budding zit on his nose growing bigger and bigger until it practically eclipses his face.

鼻子上才刚长出来的青春痘 慢慢变大 大到几乎要遮住整个脸

She looks at him hovering nearby, sees the massive zit, and giggles.

女孩看到在徘徊的男孩 然后看到脸上的大痘痘 笑了

He slumps away, feeling sick.

男孩低着头失望地走了

Stress can sure make a mess, and it happens to both teens and adults.

压力的确能让 青少年和成人变得一团糟

But how does it happen?

但到底是为什么呢？

Let's rewind to before the zit, to before Justin even sees his crush.

我们倒带一下 回到贾斯汀看见梦中情人前

Already late for school, Justin got to class just in time to hear the teacher say "pop quiz."

上学已经迟到了， 贾斯汀刚进教室就听到要小考

He hadn't done his homework the night before, and felt more unprepared

因为昨天没做作业， 让贾斯汀比他作业要写的

than the ambushed World War II soldiers he was supposed to write about.

比二战突击兵更紧张

A sudden rush of panic swept over his body, leaving him with sweaty palms,

一股惶恐袭来 让他手冒冷汗

a foggy mind and a racing heart.

心跳加速 不知所措

He stumbled out of class in a daze, and ran straight into his all-time crush, spiking up his stress.

他仓皇离开教室 撞到他的梦中情人 这让他感觉到更加紧张

Stress is a general biological response to a potential danger.

压力是对潜在危险产生的一种生物反应

In primitive caveman terms, stress can make you fight for your life,

以原始人为例 压力让你杀出生路

or run for your life, if, for example, you're confronted by a hungry saber-tooth tiger.

或逃命 —— 像是遇到饥饿的剑齿虎

Special chemicals called stress hormones run through your body,

被称作压力贺尔蒙的 特殊化学物质流窜全身

giving you more oxygen and power to run away from danger

给你更多的氧气和力量以逃离危险

or to face it and fight for your life,

或是面对并为生存而战

hence the term "fight or flight."

所以被称为“面对或逃离反应”

But when you don't fight, or take flight, you face the plight.

如果你不逃也不战 你就会大难临头

When we're taking final exams, sitting in traffic or pondering pollution,

在期末考时 堵在车流中时 或思考环境污染时，

we internalize stress.

都会让我们隐约感到压力

It all begins in the brain.

而一切都从大脑开始

The hypothalamus, the master controller of your hormones,

下视丘是控制贺尔蒙的主宰

releases something called corticotropin-releasing hormone.

它会释放一种叫 “促肾上腺皮质释放素”的物质

This triggers the pituitary gland,

这会促进脑下垂体

a pea-sized gland found at the base of the brain,

这个豌豆般大 在你脑部深处的腺体

to release adrenocorticotropic hormone

释放促肾上腺皮质素

which then stimulates the adrenal gland sitting on top of the kidneys

让它刺激你肾脏上方的肾上腺

to release cortisol, the major stress hormone.

释放主要的压力贺尔蒙：肾上腺皮质醇

These natural chemicals are a great help when you need to run away quickly,

这种天然的化合物 可以让你跑得更快

or do superhuman feats of courage,

或激发出超人般的勇气

but when you're simply sitting, these stress hormones collect in the body and affect your overall health.

但你若不为所动 贺尔蒙累积的结果会影响健康

Stress hormones increase inflammation in the body,

压力贺尔蒙促进发炎反应

suppress the immune system,

压抑免疫系统

which makes you more susceptible to infection by acne-causing bacteria,

这让你更容易受到 造成粉刺的细菌的感染

and can even increase oil production in the skin.

也会增加皮肤油脂的分泌

And this is the perfect storm for forming a pimple.

加起来就是产生青春痘完美组合

Cortisol is a major stress hormone involved in making skin cells

肾上腺皮质醇让皮肤细胞

churn out oily lipids from special glands called sebaceous glands.

从称为皮脂腺的地方分泌油脂

But when there's too much of these oily lipids,

但是若是这些皮脂累积太多

called sebum, they can plug up the swollen, inflamed pores

就会堵在分泌口造成肿胀发炎

and trap the pesky, acne-causing bacteria inside,

并将讨厌的 会造成粉刺的细菌 包在里面

where they set up house and thrive.

细菌就会在此繁衍

Add a dash of inflammatory neuropeptides released by the nervous system when you're --

再加上你紧张时 神经系统释放和发炎相关的

well, nervous -- and angry zits follow.

神经胜肽 就会造成青春痘

To make matters worse, Justin is a boy, meaning he's got more testosterone than girls.

雪上加霜的是身为男性 贾斯丁的睪固酮比女生多

Testosterone is another hormone that increases oil production in the skin.

睪固酮是另一种 促进皮肤油脂分泌的贺尔蒙

So, his already oily skin, together with a boost in oil and inflammation from stress,

所以他的皮肤本来就很油 再加上压力促进发炎反应和出油

is the perfect environment for bacteria

就成了细菌的温床

to swell, swell, swell up into a major zit.

并肿胀成一颗大痘痘

So what could've Justin done to avoid the big pimple?

贾斯丁该如何避免长青春痘呢？

Stressful situations are unavoidable.

压力环境无可避免

But we can try to change our responses so that we're not so stressed in the end.

但是我们可以改变心境 让自己减少感受到的压力

And had he been confident in approaching her,

而若他是自信地走向她

she might not have noticed the pimple, or he might not have had one.

她可能就不会注意到她脸上的痘痘 或者脸上根本不会有痘子