Romance and revolution: The poetry of Pablo Neruda - Ilan Stavans

592,882 views ・ 2019-07-23

TED-Ed


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Prevodilac: Milenka Okuka Lektor: Ivana Krivokuća
00:07
Pablo Neruda published his first collection of poems at age 19.
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Pablo Neruda je objavio svoju prvu zbirku poezije sa 19 godina.
00:11
He went on to win the Nobel Prize in Literature—
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Tokom života, dobiće Nobelovu nagradu za književnost,
00:14
and also rescue 2,000 refugees,
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spasiće 2 000 izbeglica,
00:17
spend three years in political exile,
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provešće tri godine u političkom izgnanstvu
00:20
and run for president of Chile.
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i kandidovaće se za predsednika Čilea.
00:22
A romantic and a revolutionary,
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Romantik i revolucionar,
00:24
Neruda was one of the most celebrated poets of the 20th century,
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Neruda je jedan od najcenjenijih pesnika XX veka,
00:29
but also one of the most accessible and controversial.
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ali je i jedan od najpristupačnijih i najkontroverznijih.
00:32
Originally written in Spanish,
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Izvorno napisane na španskom,
00:34
his poems often use straightforward language and everyday experience
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njegove pesme često koriste direktan jezik i svakidašnja iskustva
00:39
to create lasting impact.
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kako bi ostavile trajan utisak.
00:42
Neruda was born Ricardo Eliezer Neftalí Reyes Basoalto
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Neruda je rođen kao Rikardo Elijezer Neftali Rejes Basoalto
00:46
in a small Chilean town in 1904.
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u malom gradu u Čileu 1904. godine.
00:50
His father didn’t want him to be a poet,
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Njegov otac nije želeo da on bude pesnik,
00:52
so at sixteen he began to write under the pen name “Pablo Neruda.”
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pa je sa 16 godina počeo da piše pod pseudonimom „Pablo Neruda”.
00:57
The poems in his early collection "Twenty Love Poems and a Song of Despair"
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Pesme iz rane zbirke „Dvadeset ljubavnih pesama i jedna očajnikova”
01:02
were tender and perceptive,
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su bile nežne i opažajne,
01:04
illuminating the subtleties of love and enchantment.
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osvetljavale su suptilnosti ljubavi i začaranosti.
01:08
In "Poem VI," for example, he writes:
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U „Pesmi VI”, na primer, piše:
01:11
“Tu recuerdo es de luz, de humo, de estanque en calma!/
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”Tvoje je sećanje od svetlosti, dima, utihlog ribnjaka!
01:17
Más allá de tus ojos ardían los crepúsculos.”
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Tamo oči tvoje sumracima plamte.”
01:21
Later, he poured this attention to detail into poems of appreciation
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Kasnije je usmerio detaljnu pažnju na pesme koje slave
01:26
for everyday objects.
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svakidašnje predmete.
01:28
Many of the 225 short poems in his collection "All the Odes"
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Većina od 225 kratkih pesama iz njegove zbirke „Kompletne ode”
01:33
are dedicated to the assortment of small,
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su posvećene nekoj sitnici,
01:35
apparently insignificant items that surround us,
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naoko beznačajnom predmetu iz našeg okruženja,
01:39
from a pair of shoelaces to a watermelon.
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od para pertli do lubenice.
01:42
An onion is más hermosa que un ave/ de plumas cegadoras,
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Luk je lepši od ptice zaslepljujućeg perja,
01:48
while a tuna in the market is a bala del profundo/
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dok je tuna na pijaci hitac iz dubine,
01:52
océano, proyectil natatorio, te vi, muerto.
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okeana, plivajući projektil, koga sam spazio mrtvog.
01:57
Despite this early literary success,
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Uprkos ranom književnom uspehu,
02:00
Neruda struggled financially,
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Neruda je imao finansijskih problema
02:02
and took a series of diplomatic jobs in places such as Burma, Indonesia,
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i prihvatio je niz diplomatskih poslova na mestima poput Burme, Indonezije,
02:07
Singapore and Spain.
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Singapura i Španije.
02:09
In 1936, while Neruda was working at the consulate in Madrid,
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Godine 1936, dok je radio u konzulatu u Madridu,
02:14
civil war broke out
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izbio je građanski rat
02:16
and the government was overthrown by a fascist military dictatorship.
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i fašistička vojna diktatura je svrgnula vladu.
02:20
Neruda organized an evacuation of refugees from Spain to Chile,
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Neruda je organizovao evakuaciju izbeglica iz Španije u Čile,
02:25
saving 2,000 lives.
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spasivši 2 000 života.
02:27
Over a period of twenty years,
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Tokom perioda od 20 godina,
02:29
Neruda captured his experiences abroad in a three volume poetry collection
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Neruda je svoja iskustva iz tuđine opisao u zbirci poezije od tri toma
02:33
titled "Residence on Earth."
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naslovljenoj „Prebivalište na Zemlji”.
02:36
Many of these poems were experimental and surreal,
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Mnoge od ovih pesama su bile eksperimentalne i nadrealističke,
02:39
merging epic landscapes, supernatural themes,
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stapale su epske pejzaže, natprirodne teme
02:43
and feelings of longing with discussion of political strife
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i osećanja žudnje, uz razmatranja političkog razdora
02:48
and a poet’s responsibility to speak out against injustice.
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i pesnikove odgovornosti da govori protiv nepravde.
02:52
In “I Explain a Few Things”
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U pesmi „Objašnjavam nekoliko stvari”
02:54
he lingers on haunting details of the destruction of the Spanish Civil War.
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osvrće se na traumatične detalje destruktivnosti španskog građanskog rata.
03:00
For the rest of his life,
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Ostatak svog života
03:01
Neruda remained committed to revolutionary ideals.
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Neruda je ostao posvećen idealima revolucije.
03:05
His politics led to several years of exile
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Zbog svoje politike proveo je nekoliko godina u izgnanstvu
03:08
before he was able to return to Chile in 1952.
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pre nego što je mogao da se vrati u Čile 1952. godine.
03:12
While in exile,
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Dok je bio u izgnanstvu,
03:13
he published his influential "Canto General."
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objavio je uticajnu zbirku „Elementarne pesme”.
03:16
The book attempts to retell the entire history of Latin America through poetry,
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Knjiga pokušava da kroz poeziju prepriča celokupnu istoriju Latinske Amerike,
03:22
touching on everything from its flora and fauna
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dotičući se svega od latinoameričke flore i faune
03:25
to its politics and wars,
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do njene politike i ratova,
03:27
but above all paying homage to the common people
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ali iznad svega odajući poštu običnim ljudima
03:30
behind its civilizations’ achievements.
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iza kulisa civilizacijskih postignuća.
03:34
Although he continued to travel,
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Iako je nastavio da putujue,
03:35
after returning from exile
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nakon povratka iz izgnanstva,
03:37
Neruda lived in Chile for the rest of his life.
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Neruda je do kraja života živeo u Čileu.
03:40
In 1970, at age 66,
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Godine 1970, sa 66 godina,
03:43
Neruda ran for president of Chile before yielding to Salvador Allende
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kandidovao se za predsednika Čilea, a potom se povukao zbog Salvadora Aljendea
03:47
and becoming his close advisor.
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i postao je njegov blizak savetnik.
03:50
But in 1973, Allende was overthrown in a military coup by General Augusto Pinochet.
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Međutim, 1973. godine, Aljendea je svrgnuo u vojnom puču general Augusto Pinoče.
03:56
Neruda died in the hospital a couple of weeks later.
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Neruda je umro u bolnici par nedelja kasnije.
04:00
Because of the timing of his death so soon after the coup,
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Zbog trenutka u kom je umro neposredno nakon puča,
04:04
rumors swirled that he had died of sadness or even been assassinated,
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kružile su glasine da je umro od tuge ili da je, pak, ubijen,
04:09
but the hospital recorded his cause of death as cancer.
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međutim, u bolnici je zabeleženo da je uzrok smrti bio rak.
04:13
Today, Neruda’s lines are recited at protests and marches worldwide.
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Danas se Nerudini stihovi recituju na protestima i marševima širom sveta.
04:18
Much like his life,
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Baš kao i njegov život,
04:19
Neruda’s poems bridged romance and revolution
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Nerudine pesme su premošćavale romansu i revoluciju
04:22
by emphasizing the everyday moments worth fighting for.
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naglašavajući svakidašnje trenutke za koje se vredi boriti.
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