Romance and revolution: The poetry of Pablo Neruda - Ilan Stavans

Prevodilac: Milenka Okuka Lektor: Ivana Krivokuća

Pablo Neruda published his first collection of poems at age 19.

Pablo Neruda je objavio svoju prvu zbirku poezije sa 19 godina.

He went on to win the Nobel Prize in Literature—

Tokom života, dobiće Nobelovu nagradu za književnost,

and also rescue 2,000 refugees,

spasiće 2 000 izbeglica,

spend three years in political exile,

provešće tri godine u političkom izgnanstvu

and run for president of Chile.

i kandidovaće se za predsednika Čilea.

A romantic and a revolutionary,

Romantik i revolucionar,

Neruda was one of the most celebrated poets of the 20th century,

Neruda je jedan od najcenjenijih pesnika XX veka,

but also one of the most accessible and controversial.

ali je i jedan od najpristupačnijih i najkontroverznijih.

Originally written in Spanish,

Izvorno napisane na španskom,

his poems often use straightforward language and everyday experience

njegove pesme često koriste direktan jezik i svakidašnja iskustva

to create lasting impact.

kako bi ostavile trajan utisak.

Neruda was born Ricardo Eliezer Neftalí Reyes Basoalto

Neruda je rođen kao Rikardo Elijezer Neftali Rejes Basoalto

in a small Chilean town in 1904.

u malom gradu u Čileu 1904. godine.

His father didn’t want him to be a poet,

Njegov otac nije želeo da on bude pesnik,

so at sixteen he began to write under the pen name “Pablo Neruda.”

pa je sa 16 godina počeo da piše pod pseudonimom „Pablo Neruda”.

The poems in his early collection "Twenty Love Poems and a Song of Despair"

Pesme iz rane zbirke „Dvadeset ljubavnih pesama i jedna očajnikova”

were tender and perceptive,

su bile nežne i opažajne,

illuminating the subtleties of love and enchantment.

osvetljavale su suptilnosti ljubavi i začaranosti.

In "Poem VI," for example, he writes:

U „Pesmi VI”, na primer, piše:

“Tu recuerdo es de luz, de humo, de estanque en calma!/

”Tvoje je sećanje od svetlosti, dima, utihlog ribnjaka!

Más allá de tus ojos ardían los crepúsculos.”

Tamo oči tvoje sumracima plamte.”

Later, he poured this attention to detail into poems of appreciation

Kasnije je usmerio detaljnu pažnju na pesme koje slave

for everyday objects.

svakidašnje predmete.

Many of the 225 short poems in his collection "All the Odes"

Većina od 225 kratkih pesama iz njegove zbirke „Kompletne ode”

are dedicated to the assortment of small,

su posvećene nekoj sitnici,

apparently insignificant items that surround us,

naoko beznačajnom predmetu iz našeg okruženja,

from a pair of shoelaces to a watermelon.

od para pertli do lubenice.

An onion is más hermosa que un ave/ de plumas cegadoras,

Luk je lepši od ptice zaslepljujućeg perja,

while a tuna in the market is a bala del profundo/

dok je tuna na pijaci hitac iz dubine,

océano, proyectil natatorio, te vi, muerto.

okeana, plivajući projektil, koga sam spazio mrtvog.

Despite this early literary success,

Uprkos ranom književnom uspehu,

Neruda struggled financially,

Neruda je imao finansijskih problema

and took a series of diplomatic jobs in places such as Burma, Indonesia,

i prihvatio je niz diplomatskih poslova na mestima poput Burme, Indonezije,

Singapore and Spain.

Singapura i Španije.

In 1936, while Neruda was working at the consulate in Madrid,

Godine 1936, dok je radio u konzulatu u Madridu,

civil war broke out

izbio je građanski rat

and the government was overthrown by a fascist military dictatorship.

i fašistička vojna diktatura je svrgnula vladu.

Neruda organized an evacuation of refugees from Spain to Chile,

Neruda je organizovao evakuaciju izbeglica iz Španije u Čile,

saving 2,000 lives.

spasivši 2 000 života.

Over a period of twenty years,

Tokom perioda od 20 godina,

Neruda captured his experiences abroad in a three volume poetry collection

Neruda je svoja iskustva iz tuđine opisao u zbirci poezije od tri toma

titled "Residence on Earth."

naslovljenoj „Prebivalište na Zemlji”.

Many of these poems were experimental and surreal,

Mnoge od ovih pesama su bile eksperimentalne i nadrealističke,

merging epic landscapes, supernatural themes,

stapale su epske pejzaže, natprirodne teme

and feelings of longing with discussion of political strife

i osećanja žudnje, uz razmatranja političkog razdora

and a poet’s responsibility to speak out against injustice.

i pesnikove odgovornosti da govori protiv nepravde.

In “I Explain a Few Things”

U pesmi „Objašnjavam nekoliko stvari”

he lingers on haunting details of the destruction of the Spanish Civil War.

osvrće se na traumatične detalje destruktivnosti španskog građanskog rata.

For the rest of his life,

Ostatak svog života

Neruda remained committed to revolutionary ideals.

Neruda je ostao posvećen idealima revolucije.

His politics led to several years of exile

Zbog svoje politike proveo je nekoliko godina u izgnanstvu

before he was able to return to Chile in 1952.

pre nego što je mogao da se vrati u Čile 1952. godine.

While in exile,

Dok je bio u izgnanstvu,

he published his influential "Canto General."

objavio je uticajnu zbirku „Elementarne pesme”.

The book attempts to retell the entire history of Latin America through poetry,

Knjiga pokušava da kroz poeziju prepriča celokupnu istoriju Latinske Amerike,

touching on everything from its flora and fauna

dotičući se svega od latinoameričke flore i faune

to its politics and wars,

do njene politike i ratova,

but above all paying homage to the common people

ali iznad svega odajući poštu običnim ljudima

behind its civilizations’ achievements.

iza kulisa civilizacijskih postignuća.

Although he continued to travel,

Iako je nastavio da putujue,

after returning from exile

nakon povratka iz izgnanstva,

Neruda lived in Chile for the rest of his life.

Neruda je do kraja života živeo u Čileu.

In 1970, at age 66,

Godine 1970, sa 66 godina,

Neruda ran for president of Chile before yielding to Salvador Allende

kandidovao se za predsednika Čilea, a potom se povukao zbog Salvadora Aljendea

and becoming his close advisor.

i postao je njegov blizak savetnik.

But in 1973, Allende was overthrown in a military coup by General Augusto Pinochet.

Međutim, 1973. godine, Aljendea je svrgnuo u vojnom puču general Augusto Pinoče.

Neruda died in the hospital a couple of weeks later.

Neruda je umro u bolnici par nedelja kasnije.

Because of the timing of his death so soon after the coup,

Zbog trenutka u kom je umro neposredno nakon puča,

rumors swirled that he had died of sadness or even been assassinated,

kružile su glasine da je umro od tuge ili da je, pak, ubijen,

but the hospital recorded his cause of death as cancer.

međutim, u bolnici je zabeleženo da je uzrok smrti bio rak.

Today, Neruda’s lines are recited at protests and marches worldwide.

Danas se Nerudini stihovi recituju na protestima i marševima širom sveta.

Much like his life,

Baš kao i njegov život,

Neruda’s poems bridged romance and revolution

Nerudine pesme su premošćavale romansu i revoluciju

by emphasizing the everyday moments worth fighting for.

naglašavajući svakidašnje trenutke za koje se vredi boriti.