Romance and revolution: The poetry of Pablo Neruda - Ilan Stavans

翻译人员: Chloe Ma 校对人员: Erika Chen

Pablo Neruda published his first collection of poems at age 19.

巴勃罗 · 聂鲁达（Pablo Neruda） 19 岁时发表了他的第一本诗集。

He went on to win the Nobel Prize in Literature—

他后来赢了诺贝尔文学奖，

and also rescue 2,000 refugees,

并且拯救了 2000 个难民，

spend three years in political exile,

3 年的政治避难，

and run for president of Chile.

当上智利的总统。

A romantic and a revolutionary,

一段浪漫与革命，

Neruda was one of the most celebrated poets of the 20th century,

聂鲁达是 20 世纪 最有名的诗人之一，

but also one of the most accessible and controversial.

同时也是最易懂与最有争议的。

Originally written in Spanish,

最初用西班牙语写作，

his poems often use straightforward language and everyday experience

他的诗通常使用 直接的语言和日常的经历

to create lasting impact.

来制造持久的影响。

Neruda was born Ricardo Eliezer Neftalí Reyes Basoalto

聂鲁达的原名是 Ricardo Eliezer Neftalí Reyes Basoalto

in a small Chilean town in 1904.

生于 1904 的一个智利小镇。

His father didn’t want him to be a poet,

他父亲不愿让他成为诗人，

so at sixteen he began to write under the pen name “Pablo Neruda.”

于是 16 岁时他开始以 巴勃罗 · 聂鲁达为笔名。

The poems in his early collection "Twenty Love Poems and a Song of Despair"

他早年的诗集 《二十首情诗和一首绝望的歌》

were tender and perceptive,

温柔又感人，

illuminating the subtleties of love and enchantment.

照亮了微妙的爱与魅力。

In "Poem VI," for example, he writes:

用《诗歌四》为例，他写道：

“Tu recuerdo es de luz, de humo, de estanque en calma!/

“你的记忆是光、烟与平静的湖面组成的

Más allá de tus ojos ardían los crepúsculos.”

在你的眼中， 世间万物都是炽热的。”

Later, he poured this attention to detail into poems of appreciation

后来，他的诗集 开始着重于欣赏

for everyday objects.

日常的事物。

Many of the 225 short poems in his collection "All the Odes"

在他诗集《全诗集》的 225 首诗中

are dedicated to the assortment of small,

很多都是关于各种各样的小事物，

apparently insignificant items that surround us,

那些我们身边无足轻重的事物，

from a pair of shoelaces to a watermelon.

从鞋带到西瓜。

An onion is más hermosa que un ave/ de plumas cegadoras,

一个洋葱 比一只长满炫目羽毛的鸟更美，

while a tuna in the market is a bala del profundo/

市场上的金枪鱼是深海中的鱼雷，

océano, proyectil natatorio, te vi, muerto.

一只会游泳的导弹， 而现在躺在我面前的只有尸体。

Despite this early literary success,

尽管他早期是成功的，

Neruda struggled financially,

聂鲁达却仍为金钱烦恼，

and took a series of diplomatic jobs in places such as Burma, Indonesia,

并且在缅甸，印度尼西亚 做了很多的外交工作，

Singapore and Spain.

包括新加坡和西班牙。

In 1936, while Neruda was working at the consulate in Madrid,

1936 年，当聂鲁达 在马德里做咨询工作，

civil war broke out

内战爆发了

and the government was overthrown by a fascist military dictatorship.

政府被法西斯独裁的军队占领了，

Neruda organized an evacuation of refugees from Spain to Chile,

聂鲁达组织了从西班牙 到智利的难民疏离，

saving 2,000 lives.

拯救了两千条生命。

Over a period of twenty years,

在 20 年间，

Neruda captured his experiences abroad in a three volume poetry collection

聂鲁达将他在海外的经历 汇成了三册的诗集

titled "Residence on Earth."

名叫《地球居民》。

Many of these poems were experimental and surreal,

这些很多的诗集都是 实验性，超现实主义，

merging epic landscapes, supernatural themes,

合并了史诗般的景观 与超自然的主题，

and feelings of longing with discussion of political strife

渴望的感觉， 与对政治争论的讨论

and a poet’s responsibility to speak out against injustice.

并且讲述了身为诗人 对政治不平等发声的责任。

In “I Explain a Few Things”

在《我解释了一些事》中

he lingers on haunting details of the destruction of the Spanish Civil War.

他描述了西班牙内战中 令人难忘的摧毁细节。

For the rest of his life,

剩下的人生，

Neruda remained committed to revolutionary ideals.

聂鲁达仍然投入在 革命的理想中。

His politics led to several years of exile

他的政治理念使他 陷入了几年的流放

before he was able to return to Chile in 1952.

1952 年， 在他能够返回智利之前。

While in exile,

在流放的过程中，

he published his influential "Canto General."

他发表了他的《将军之歌》

The book attempts to retell the entire history of Latin America through poetry,

这本书通过诗歌 重新讲述了拉丁美洲的历史，

touching on everything from its flora and fauna

触及了一切事物， 从动植物

to its politics and wars,

到它的政治与战争，

but above all paying homage to the common people

但是最重要的是

对文明成就背后的普通人 最高的尊敬。

behind its civilizations’ achievements.

Although he continued to travel,

尽管他结束流放之后

after returning from exile

也不断的旅行，

Neruda lived in Chile for the rest of his life.

聂鲁达在智利度过了 他剩下的人生。

In 1970, at age 66,

1970 年，在他 66 岁时，

Neruda ran for president of Chile before yielding to Salvador Allende

聂鲁达曾竞选智利总统，最后退出竞选， 让位萨尔维多 · 阿联徳（Salvador Allende），

and becoming his close advisor.

并且成为了他密切的顾问。

But in 1973, Allende was overthrown in a military coup by General Augusto Pinochet.

但是 1973 年，阿联徳被奥古斯托 · 皮诺切特将军 （General Augusto Pinochet）的军事政变推翻了。

Neruda died in the hospital a couple of weeks later.

聂鲁达几周后 在医院过世了。

Because of the timing of his death so soon after the coup,

因为他过世的时间 就在军队政变之后，

rumors swirled that he had died of sadness or even been assassinated,

流言传说他死于悲伤 甚至是暗杀，

but the hospital recorded his cause of death as cancer.

但是医院记录了 他是死于癌症。

Today, Neruda’s lines are recited at protests and marches worldwide.

今天，世界各地的游行与抗议 都会用到聂鲁达的诗句。

Much like his life,

就像是他的人生，

Neruda’s poems bridged romance and revolution

聂鲁达的诗歌 连接了浪漫与革命

by emphasizing the everyday moments worth fighting for.

强调了每一天 那些值得为之斗争的小事。