5 tips to improve your critical thinking - Samantha Agoos

10,672,818 views ・ 2016-03-15

TED-Ed


Please double-click on the English subtitles below to play the video.

Prevodilac: Milenka Okuka Lektor: Mile Živković
00:11
Every day, a sea of decisions stretches before us.
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Svakodnevno smo suočeni s morem odluka.
00:15
Some are small and unimportant,
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Neke su sitne i nebitne,
00:17
but others have a larger impact on our lives.
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ali druge imaju značajniji uticaj na naše živote.
00:19
For example, which politician should I vote for?
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Na primer, za kog političara da glasam?
00:22
Should I try the latest diet craze?
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Da li da isprobam najnoviju hit dijetu?
00:24
Or will email make me a millionaire?
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Ili da li će me jedan imejl pretvoriti u milionera?
00:27
We're bombarded with so many decisions
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Bombardovani smo prevelikim brojem odluka,
00:30
that it's impossible to make a perfect choice every time.
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te je nemoguće uvek napraviti savršen izbor.
00:33
But there are many ways to improve our chances,
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No, postoji mnogo načina da poboljšamo naše šanse za to,
00:36
and one particularly effective technique is critical thinking.
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a jedna od naročito efikasnih tehnika je kritičko razmišljanje.
00:40
This is a way of approaching a question
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To je način bavljenja pitanjem
00:42
that allows us to carefully deconstruct a situation,
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koji nam omogućuje da pažljivo dekonstruišemo situaciju,
00:45
reveal its hidden issues, such as bias and manipulation,
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otkrijemo skrivene probleme, poput pristrasnosti i manipulacije,
00:48
and make the best decision.
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i da donesemo najbolju odluku.
00:51
If the critical part sounds negative that's because in a way it is.
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Ako vam kritički deo zvuči negativno, pa to je zato što na neki način i jeste.
00:56
Rather than choosing an answer because it feels right,
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Umesto da izaberete odgovor jer se čini ispravnim,
00:58
a person who uses critical thinking
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osoba koja koristi kritičko razmišljanje
01:00
subjects all available options to scrutiny and skepticism.
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podvrgava sve raspoložive opcije ispitivanju i skepsi.
01:05
Using the tools at their disposal,
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Koristeći raspoloživa oruđa,
01:06
they'll eliminate everything but the most useful and reliable information.
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eliminisaće sve osim najkorisnijih i najpouzdanijih informacija.
01:11
There are many different ways of approaching critical thinking,
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Postoji mnogo različitih pristupa kritičkom razmišljanju,
01:15
but here's one five-step process
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ali evo jednog procesa od pet koraka
01:17
that may help you solve any number of problems.
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koji vam može pomoći da rešite bezbroj problema.
01:21
One: formulate your question.
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Prvi korak: formulišite pitanje.
01:23
In other words, know what you're looking for.
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Drugim rečima, znajte šta tražite.
01:26
This isn't always as straightforward as it sounds.
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Ovo nije uvek tako jednostavno kao što zvuči.
01:29
For example, if you're deciding whether to try out the newest diet craze,
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Na primer, ako odlučujete da li da isprobate najnoviju hit dijetu,
01:33
your reasons for doing so may be obscured by other factors,
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vaše razloge za to mogu da pomrače drugi faktori,
01:37
like claims that you'll see results in just two weeks.
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poput tvrdnje da ćete videti rezultate za samo dve nedelje.
01:40
But if you approach the situation
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Ali ako pristupite situaciji
01:42
with a clear view of what you're actually trying to accomplish by dieting,
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s jasnom namerom šta zapravo pokušavate da postignete dijetom,
01:46
whether that's weight loss,
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bilo da se radi o mršavljenju,
01:48
better nutrition,
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boljoj ishrani
01:49
or having more energy,
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ili posedovanju više energije,
01:50
that'll equip you to sift through this information critically,
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to će vas pripremiti za kritičko pretresanje ovih informacija,
01:54
find what you're looking for,
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otkrivanje za čim tragate
01:55
and decide whether the new fad really suits your needs.
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i odlučivanje da li nova moda zaista odgovara vašim potrebama.
02:00
Two: gather your information.
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Drugi korak: sakupite informacije.
02:03
There's lots of it out there,
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Naići ćete na mnogo njih,
02:05
so having a clear idea of your question will help you determine what's relevant.
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pa će vam jasna zamisao svog pitanja pomoći da odredite šta je važno.
02:09
If you're trying to decide on a diet to improve your nutrition,
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Ako pokušavate da odlučite o dijeti radi unapređenja svoje ishrane,
02:12
you may ask an expert for their advice,
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možda ćete upitati stručnjaka za savet
02:14
or seek other people's testimonies.
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ili ćete tražiti iskustva drugih ljudi.
02:16
Information gathering helps you weigh different options,
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Sakupljanje informacija vam pomaže da odmerite različite opcije,
02:19
moving you closer to a decision that meets your goal.
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a to će vas primaći odluci koja odgovara vašem cilju.
02:23
Three: apply the information,
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Treći korak: primenite informacije,
02:25
something you do by asking critical questions.
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to je nešto što se postiže postavljanjem kritičkih pitanja.
02:29
Facing a decision, ask yourself, "What concepts are at work?"
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Kad ste suočeni s odlukom, zapitajte se: "Šta je ovde na delu?"
02:32
"What assumptions exist?"
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"Šta se pretpostavlja?"
02:34
"Is my interpretation of the information logically sound?"
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"Da li je moje tumačenje informacija logički postojano?"
02:38
For example, in an email that promises you millions,
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Na primer, kod imejla koji vam obećava milione
02:41
you should consider, "What is shaping my approach to this situation?"
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trebalo bi da razmislite: "Šta utiče na moj pristup ovoj situaciji?"
02:45
"Do I assume the sender is telling the truth?"
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"Da li pretpostavljam da pošiljalac govori istinu?"
02:48
"Based on the evidence, is it logical to assume I'll win any money?"
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"Imajući u vidu dokaze, da li je logično smatrati da ću dobiti neki novac?"
02:54
Four: consider the implications.
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Četvrti korak: razmotrite implikacije.
02:56
Imagine it's election time,
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Zamislite da su u toku izbori
02:58
and you've selected a political candidate based on their promise
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i izabrali ste političkog kandidata na osnovu njihovog obećanja
03:01
to make it cheaper for drivers to fill up on gas.
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da će gorivo pojeftiniti za vozače.
03:04
At first glance, that seems great.
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Na prvi pogled, ovo zvuči sjajno.
03:06
But what about the long-term environmental effects?
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Ali šta je sa dugoročnim posledicama po okolinu?
03:09
If gasoline use is less restricted by cost,
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Kad bi upotreba benzina bila manje ograničena cenom,
03:12
this could also cause a huge surge in air pollution,
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ovo bi takođe uzrokovalo ogromni talas zagađenja vazduha;
03:16
an unintended consequence that's important to think about.
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nenamerna posledica o kojoj je važno razmisliti.
03:20
Five: explore other points of view.
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Peti korak: istražite druge tačke gledišta.
03:23
Ask yourself why so many people are drawn
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Zapitajte se zašto toliko ljudi privlači
03:26
to the policies of the opposing political candidate.
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politika suprotstavljenog političkog kandidata.
03:29
Even if you disagree with everything that candidate says,
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Čak i ako se uopšte ne slažete sa onim što taj kandidat govori,
03:32
exploring the full spectrum of viewpoints
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istraživanje punog spektra tačaka gledišta
03:34
might explain why some policies that don't seem valid to you appeal to others.
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vam može objasniti zašto druge privlači politika koja vama ne zvuči ispravno.
03:40
This will allow you to explore alternatives,
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Ovo će vam omogućiti da istražite alternative,
03:42
evaluate your own choices,
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procenite sopstvene izbore
03:44
and ultimately help you make more informed decisions.
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i naposletku će vam pomoći da donosite bolje informisane odluke.
03:48
This five-step process is just one tool,
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Ovaj proces od pet koraka je samo jedno oruđe
03:51
and it certainly won't eradicate difficult decisions from our lives.
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i zasigurno neće iskoreniti teške odluke iz naših života.
03:55
But it can help us increase the number of positive choices we make.
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Ali može da nam pomogne da uvećamo broj pozitivnih odluka koje donosimo.
04:00
Critical thinking can give us the tools to sift through a sea of information
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Kritičko razmišljanje nam može dati oruđa da pročešljamo more informacija
04:04
and find what we're looking for.
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i da nađemo ono što tražimo.
04:06
And if enough of us use it,
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Ukoliko bi ga većina koristila,
04:07
it has the power to make the world a more reasonable place.
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imao bi moć da svet pretvori u razumnije mesto.
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