5 tips to improve your critical thinking - Samantha Agoos

10,609,024 views ・ 2016-03-15

TED-Ed


Please double-click on the English subtitles below to play the video.

Prevodilac: Milenka Okuka Lektor: Mile Živković
00:11
Every day, a sea of decisions stretches before us.
0
11641
3583
Svakodnevno smo suočeni s morem odluka.
00:15
Some are small and unimportant,
1
15224
1835
Neke su sitne i nebitne,
00:17
but others have a larger impact on our lives.
2
17059
2540
ali druge imaju značajniji uticaj na naše živote.
00:19
For example, which politician should I vote for?
3
19599
2705
Na primer, za kog političara da glasam?
00:22
Should I try the latest diet craze?
4
22304
2189
Da li da isprobam najnoviju hit dijetu?
00:24
Or will email make me a millionaire?
5
24493
2923
Ili da li će me jedan imejl pretvoriti u milionera?
00:27
We're bombarded with so many decisions
6
27416
2711
Bombardovani smo prevelikim brojem odluka,
00:30
that it's impossible to make a perfect choice every time.
7
30127
3578
te je nemoguće uvek napraviti savršen izbor.
00:33
But there are many ways to improve our chances,
8
33705
3052
No, postoji mnogo načina da poboljšamo naše šanse za to,
00:36
and one particularly effective technique is critical thinking.
9
36757
3824
a jedna od naročito efikasnih tehnika je kritičko razmišljanje.
00:40
This is a way of approaching a question
10
40581
1930
To je način bavljenja pitanjem
00:42
that allows us to carefully deconstruct a situation,
11
42511
3001
koji nam omogućuje da pažljivo dekonstruišemo situaciju,
00:45
reveal its hidden issues, such as bias and manipulation,
12
45512
3404
otkrijemo skrivene probleme, poput pristrasnosti i manipulacije,
00:48
and make the best decision.
13
48916
2458
i da donesemo najbolju odluku.
00:51
If the critical part sounds negative that's because in a way it is.
14
51374
4818
Ako vam kritički deo zvuči negativno, pa to je zato što na neki način i jeste.
00:56
Rather than choosing an answer because it feels right,
15
56192
2620
Umesto da izaberete odgovor jer se čini ispravnim,
00:58
a person who uses critical thinking
16
58812
2149
osoba koja koristi kritičko razmišljanje
01:00
subjects all available options to scrutiny and skepticism.
17
60961
4317
podvrgava sve raspoložive opcije ispitivanju i skepsi.
01:05
Using the tools at their disposal,
18
65278
1633
Koristeći raspoloživa oruđa,
01:06
they'll eliminate everything but the most useful and reliable information.
19
66911
4992
eliminisaće sve osim najkorisnijih i najpouzdanijih informacija.
01:11
There are many different ways of approaching critical thinking,
20
71903
3350
Postoji mnogo različitih pristupa kritičkom razmišljanju,
01:15
but here's one five-step process
21
75253
2093
ali evo jednog procesa od pet koraka
01:17
that may help you solve any number of problems.
22
77346
3774
koji vam može pomoći da rešite bezbroj problema.
01:21
One: formulate your question.
23
81120
2786
Prvi korak: formulišite pitanje.
01:23
In other words, know what you're looking for.
24
83906
2550
Drugim rečima, znajte šta tražite.
01:26
This isn't always as straightforward as it sounds.
25
86456
2921
Ovo nije uvek tako jednostavno kao što zvuči.
01:29
For example, if you're deciding whether to try out the newest diet craze,
26
89377
3678
Na primer, ako odlučujete da li da isprobate najnoviju hit dijetu,
01:33
your reasons for doing so may be obscured by other factors,
27
93055
3953
vaše razloge za to mogu da pomrače drugi faktori,
01:37
like claims that you'll see results in just two weeks.
28
97008
3794
poput tvrdnje da ćete videti rezultate za samo dve nedelje.
01:40
But if you approach the situation
29
100802
1773
Ali ako pristupite situaciji
01:42
with a clear view of what you're actually trying to accomplish by dieting,
30
102575
4294
s jasnom namerom šta zapravo pokušavate da postignete dijetom,
01:46
whether that's weight loss,
31
106869
1344
bilo da se radi o mršavljenju,
01:48
better nutrition,
32
108213
1253
boljoj ishrani
01:49
or having more energy,
33
109466
1509
ili posedovanju više energije,
01:50
that'll equip you to sift through this information critically,
34
110975
3609
to će vas pripremiti za kritičko pretresanje ovih informacija,
01:54
find what you're looking for,
35
114584
1415
otkrivanje za čim tragate
01:55
and decide whether the new fad really suits your needs.
36
115999
4578
i odlučivanje da li nova moda zaista odgovara vašim potrebama.
02:00
Two: gather your information.
37
120577
3366
Drugi korak: sakupite informacije.
02:03
There's lots of it out there,
38
123943
1401
Naići ćete na mnogo njih,
02:05
so having a clear idea of your question will help you determine what's relevant.
39
125344
3755
pa će vam jasna zamisao svog pitanja pomoći da odredite šta je važno.
02:09
If you're trying to decide on a diet to improve your nutrition,
40
129099
3189
Ako pokušavate da odlučite o dijeti radi unapređenja svoje ishrane,
02:12
you may ask an expert for their advice,
41
132288
2349
možda ćete upitati stručnjaka za savet
02:14
or seek other people's testimonies.
42
134637
2124
ili ćete tražiti iskustva drugih ljudi.
02:16
Information gathering helps you weigh different options,
43
136761
2934
Sakupljanje informacija vam pomaže da odmerite različite opcije,
02:19
moving you closer to a decision that meets your goal.
44
139695
3630
a to će vas primaći odluci koja odgovara vašem cilju.
02:23
Three: apply the information,
45
143325
2649
Treći korak: primenite informacije,
02:25
something you do by asking critical questions.
46
145974
3092
to je nešto što se postiže postavljanjem kritičkih pitanja.
02:29
Facing a decision, ask yourself, "What concepts are at work?"
47
149066
3783
Kad ste suočeni s odlukom, zapitajte se: "Šta je ovde na delu?"
02:32
"What assumptions exist?"
48
152849
1612
"Šta se pretpostavlja?"
02:34
"Is my interpretation of the information logically sound?"
49
154461
4120
"Da li je moje tumačenje informacija logički postojano?"
02:38
For example, in an email that promises you millions,
50
158581
3099
Na primer, kod imejla koji vam obećava milione
02:41
you should consider, "What is shaping my approach to this situation?"
51
161680
4238
trebalo bi da razmislite: "Šta utiče na moj pristup ovoj situaciji?"
02:45
"Do I assume the sender is telling the truth?"
52
165918
2293
"Da li pretpostavljam da pošiljalac govori istinu?"
02:48
"Based on the evidence, is it logical to assume I'll win any money?"
53
168211
5982
"Imajući u vidu dokaze, da li je logično smatrati da ću dobiti neki novac?"
02:54
Four: consider the implications.
54
174193
2518
Četvrti korak: razmotrite implikacije.
02:56
Imagine it's election time,
55
176711
1898
Zamislite da su u toku izbori
02:58
and you've selected a political candidate based on their promise
56
178609
3217
i izabrali ste političkog kandidata na osnovu njihovog obećanja
03:01
to make it cheaper for drivers to fill up on gas.
57
181826
3085
da će gorivo pojeftiniti za vozače.
03:04
At first glance, that seems great.
58
184911
1964
Na prvi pogled, ovo zvuči sjajno.
03:06
But what about the long-term environmental effects?
59
186875
2900
Ali šta je sa dugoročnim posledicama po okolinu?
03:09
If gasoline use is less restricted by cost,
60
189775
2806
Kad bi upotreba benzina bila manje ograničena cenom,
03:12
this could also cause a huge surge in air pollution,
61
192581
3705
ovo bi takođe uzrokovalo ogromni talas zagađenja vazduha;
03:16
an unintended consequence that's important to think about.
62
196286
4314
nenamerna posledica o kojoj je važno razmisliti.
03:20
Five: explore other points of view.
63
200600
3150
Peti korak: istražite druge tačke gledišta.
03:23
Ask yourself why so many people are drawn
64
203750
2860
Zapitajte se zašto toliko ljudi privlači
03:26
to the policies of the opposing political candidate.
65
206610
2893
politika suprotstavljenog političkog kandidata.
03:29
Even if you disagree with everything that candidate says,
66
209503
2962
Čak i ako se uopšte ne slažete sa onim što taj kandidat govori,
03:32
exploring the full spectrum of viewpoints
67
212465
2444
istraživanje punog spektra tačaka gledišta
03:34
might explain why some policies that don't seem valid to you appeal to others.
68
214909
5209
vam može objasniti zašto druge privlači politika koja vama ne zvuči ispravno.
03:40
This will allow you to explore alternatives,
69
220118
2748
Ovo će vam omogućiti da istražite alternative,
03:42
evaluate your own choices,
70
222866
1507
procenite sopstvene izbore
03:44
and ultimately help you make more informed decisions.
71
224373
4624
i naposletku će vam pomoći da donosite bolje informisane odluke.
03:48
This five-step process is just one tool,
72
228997
2719
Ovaj proces od pet koraka je samo jedno oruđe
03:51
and it certainly won't eradicate difficult decisions from our lives.
73
231716
3705
i zasigurno neće iskoreniti teške odluke iz naših života.
03:55
But it can help us increase the number of positive choices we make.
74
235421
4759
Ali može da nam pomogne da uvećamo broj pozitivnih odluka koje donosimo.
04:00
Critical thinking can give us the tools to sift through a sea of information
75
240180
4319
Kritičko razmišljanje nam može dati oruđa da pročešljamo more informacija
04:04
and find what we're looking for.
76
244499
1861
i da nađemo ono što tražimo.
04:06
And if enough of us use it,
77
246360
1478
Ukoliko bi ga većina koristila,
04:07
it has the power to make the world a more reasonable place.
78
247838
3404
imao bi moć da svet pretvori u razumnije mesto.
About this website

This site will introduce you to YouTube videos that are useful for learning English. You will see English lessons taught by top-notch teachers from around the world. Double-click on the English subtitles displayed on each video page to play the video from there. The subtitles scroll in sync with the video playback. If you have any comments or requests, please contact us using this contact form.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7