Camera or eye: Which sees better? - Michael Mauser

Prevodilac: Nevena Peric Lektor: Mile Živković

Watch the center of this disk.

Gledajte u centar ovog diska.

You are getting sleepy.

Počinje da vam se spava.

No, just kidding.

Samo se šalim.

I'm not going to hypnotize you.

Neću vas hipnotisati.

But are you starting to see colors in the rings?

Vidite li boje u krugovima?

If so, your eyes are playing tricks on you.

Ako je tako, oči vas varaju.

The disk was only ever black and white.

Prisutne su samo crna i bela.

You see, your eyes don't always capture the world as a video camera would.

Vidite, vaše oči ne vide svet kao što ga vidi video kamera.

In fact, there are quite a few differences,

Postoje razlike,

owing to the anatomy of your eye

zahvaljujući građi oka

and the processing that takes place in your brain

i procesima koji se odvijaju u vašem mozgu

and its outgrowth, the retina.

koji započinju na mrežnjači.

Let's start with some similarities.

Razmotrimo prvo sličnosti.

Both have lenses to focus light and sensors to capture it,

Oba imaju sočivo za prikupljanje svetlosti i senzore na koje ona pada,

but even those things behave differently.

ali čak i ovde ima razlike.

The lens in a camera moves to stay focused on an object hurtling towards it,

Sočivo na kameri se pomera ne bi li ono što nam se približava bilo u fokusu,

while the one in your eye responds by changing shape.

dok kod oka ono reaguje menjajući oblik.

Most camera lenses are also achromatic,

Sočiva kod kamera su, uglavnom, ahromatska,

meaning they focus both red and blue light to the same point.

što znači da fokusiraju crveno i plavo svetlo u jednoj tački.

Your eye is different.

Vaše oko je drugačije.

When red light from an object is in focus, the blue light is out of focus.

Kada je crveno svetlo reflektovano od objekta u fokusu, plavo je van fokusa.

So why don't things look partially out of focus all the time?

Zašto nam onda stvari ne deluju delimično van fokusa sve vreme?

To answer that question,

Da bismo na to odgovorili,

we first need to look at how your eye and the camera capture light:

moramo prvo razmotriti kako oko i kamera "hvataju" svetlo:

photoreceptors.

fotoreceptori.

The light-sensitive surface in a camera only has one kind of photoreceptor

Foto-osetljiva površina kamere ima samo jedan tip fotoreceptora

that is evenly distributed throughout the focusing surface.

koji je jednako raspoređen po celoj površini senzora.

An array of red, green and blue filters on top of these photoreceptors

Sloj od tri filtera: crveni, zeleni i plavi prekriva fotoreceptore

causes them to respond selectively to long, medium and short wavelength light.

što im omogućuje da selektivno reaguju duge, srednje i kratke talasne dužine.

Your eye's retinas, on the other hand, have several types of photoreceptors,

Nasuprot tome, vaša mrežnjača ima nekoliko tipova fotoreceptora,

usually three for normal light conditions, and only one type for lowlight,

obično tri za dnevno svetlo i jedan za uslove slabog svetla,

which is why we're color blind in the dark.

to je razlog zašto u mraku ne vidimo boje.

In normal light, unlike the camera, we have no need for a color filter

Za razliku od kamere, nama nisu potrebni nikakvi filteri na dnevnom svetlu

because our photoreceptors already respond selectively

Jer naši fotoreceptori već reaguju selektivno

to different wavelengths of light.

na različite talasne dužine svetlosti.

Also in contrast to a camera,

Za razliku od kamere,

your photoreceptors are unevenly distributed,

naši fotoreceptori su neravnomerno raspoređeni,

with no receptors for dim light in the very center.

bez receptora za slabo svetlo u samom centru mrežnjače.

This is why faint stars seem to disappear when you look directly at them.

Zato zvezde na noćnom nebu nestanu pred našim očima kad gledamo u njih.

The center also has very few receptors that can detect blue light,

Takođe, u centru se nalazi mali broj ćeija koje reaguju na plavo svetlo,

which is why you don't notice the blurred blue image from earlier.

zbog čega ne primećujemo zamućenu plavu sliku od malopre.

However, you still perceive blue there

Ipak, i dalje primećujemo prisustvo plave

because your brain fills it in from context.

jer naš mozak nadomešta taj nedostatak.

Also, the edges of our retinas have relatively few receptors

Takođe, krajevi naše mrežnjače sadrže malo receptora

for any wavelength light.

bilo kog tipa.

So our visual acuity and ability to see color

Oštrina i osetljivost na boje

falls off rapidly from the center of our vision.

opada ka perifernom vidu.

There is also an area in our eyes called the blind spot

U našoj mrežnjači se nalazi i slepa mrlja,

where there are no photoreceptors of any kind.

deo gde ne postoje fotoreceptori,

We don't notice a lack of vision there

ali mi to ne primećujemo

because once again, our brain fills in the gaps.

zato što naš mozak nadomešta taj nedostatak.

In a very real sense, we see with our brains, not our eyes.

U stvari, mi bukvalno vidimo mozgom, a ne očima.

And because our brains, including the retinas,

I zato što je naš mozak, uključujući i mrežnjaču,

are so involved in the process,

odgovoran za ovaj proces,

we are susceptible to visual illusions.

podložni smo optičkim varkama.

Here's another illusion caused by the eye itself.

Evo još jedne varke za koju je zaslužno oko.

Does the center of this image look like it's jittering around?

Da li vam deluje da centar ove slike podrhtava?

That's because your eye actually jiggles most of the time.

To je zato što se vaše oko pomera većinu vremena.

If it didn't, your vision would eventually shut down

Da nije tako, vaš vid bi se prosto ugasio,

because the nerves on the retina stop responding to a stationary image

jer nervi na mrežnjači posle nekog vremena prestaju da reaguju na nepomične slike

of constant intensity.

istog intenziteta.

And unlike a camera,

Za razliku od kamere,

you briefly stop seeing whenever you make a larger movement with your eyes.

na kratko prestajete da vidite, pri svakom većem pomeranju oka.

That's why you can't see your own eyes shift

Zato ne vidimo pomeranje sopstvenog oka

as you look from one to the other in a mirror.

kada gledamo iz jednog, pa drugog u ogledalu.

Video cameras can capture details our eyes miss,

Kamera može zabeležiti detalje koji promaknu našem oku,

magnify distant objects

uveličati udaljene predmete

and accurately record what they see.

i precizno zabeležiti ono što vidi.

But our eyes are remarkably efficient adaptations,

Ali naše oči su neverovatno prilagodljive,

the result of hundreds of millions of years

što je rezultat stotina miliona godina

of coevolution with our brains.

razvijanja uporedo sa našim mozgom.

And so what if we don't always see the world exactly as it is.

Pa šta i ako uvek ne vidimo svet onakvim kakav jeste.

There's a certain joy to be found watching stationary leaves

Uvek je zadovoljstvo gledati nepomično lišće

waving on an illusive breeze,

kako se njiše na nepostojećem povetarcu,

and maybe even an evolutionary advantage.

a to je možda i prednost koju nam je podarila evolucija.

But that's a lesson for another day.

Ali to je već neka druga priča.