Camera or eye: Which sees better? - Michael Mauser

Oko proti kameri - Michael Mauser

1,604,928 views

2015-04-06 ・ TED-Ed


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Camera or eye: Which sees better? - Michael Mauser

Oko proti kameri - Michael Mauser

1,604,928 views ・ 2015-04-06

TED-Ed


Za predvajanje videoposnetka dvakrat kliknite na spodnje angleške podnapise.

Translator: Nika Kotnik Reviewer: Klavdija Cernilogar
00:11
Watch the center of this disk.
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Poglejte v sredino tega diska.
00:15
You are getting sleepy.
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Postajate zaspani.
00:18
No, just kidding.
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Saj se samo hecam.
00:19
I'm not going to hypnotize you.
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Ne bom vas hipnotiziral.
00:21
But are you starting to see colors in the rings?
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Ampak, ali začenjate v obročih videvati barve?
00:25
If so, your eyes are playing tricks on you.
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Če jih, se vaše oči igrajo z vami.
00:28
The disk was only ever black and white.
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Disk je bil vedno samo črnobel.
00:32
You see, your eyes don't always capture the world as a video camera would.
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Veste, vaše oči ne ujamejo sveta zmeraj tako, kot bi ga video kamera.
00:36
In fact, there are quite a few differences,
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V bistvu je med njima kar nekaj razlik,
00:39
owing to the anatomy of your eye
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zaradi anatomije očesa
00:41
and the processing that takes place in your brain
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in procesiranja, ki se dogaja v možganih
00:44
and its outgrowth, the retina.
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in v njihovem podaljšku, mrežnici.
00:48
Let's start with some similarities.
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Začnimo z nekaj podobnostmi.
00:50
Both have lenses to focus light and sensors to capture it,
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Oba imata lečo, ki zbere svetlobo, in senzorje, ki jo ujamejo,
00:54
but even those things behave differently.
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a celo te stvari se obnašajo različno.
00:57
The lens in a camera moves to stay focused on an object hurtling towards it,
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Leča v kameri se premika, da bi ostala osredotočena na predmet, ki gre proti njej,
01:01
while the one in your eye responds by changing shape.
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medtem ko se tista v očesu odzove s spremembo oblike.
01:06
Most camera lenses are also achromatic,
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Večina leč v kamerah je prav tako akromatičnih,
01:09
meaning they focus both red and blue light to the same point.
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kar pomeni, da se rdeča in modra svetloba stikata v isti točki.
01:14
Your eye is different.
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Oko je drugačno.
01:15
When red light from an object is in focus, the blue light is out of focus.
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Ko je rdeča svetloba s predmeta v fokusu, je modra svetloba izven njega.
01:20
So why don't things look partially out of focus all the time?
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Zakaj potem niso stvari delno izven fokusa ves čas?
01:24
To answer that question,
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Da bi odgovorili na to vprašanje,
01:26
we first need to look at how your eye and the camera capture light:
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moramo najprej pogledati, kako oko in kamera ujameta svetlobo:
01:30
photoreceptors.
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fotoreceptorji.
01:33
The light-sensitive surface in a camera only has one kind of photoreceptor
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Površina, občutljiva na svetlobo, ima v kameri le eno vrsto foto receptorjev,
01:38
that is evenly distributed throughout the focusing surface.
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ki so enakomerno razporejeni po površini za fokus.
01:42
An array of red, green and blue filters on top of these photoreceptors
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Zbirka rdečih, zelenih in modrih filtrov na vrhu teh fotoreceptorjev povzroči,
01:47
causes them to respond selectively to long, medium and short wavelength light.
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da se selektivno odzovejo na dolge, srednje in kratke valovne dolžine svetobe.
01:55
Your eye's retinas, on the other hand, have several types of photoreceptors,
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Mrežnica v očesu pa ima, po drugi strani, več različnih tipov fotoreceptorjev,
01:59
usually three for normal light conditions, and only one type for lowlight,
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ponavadi tri za normalno svetlobo in samo eno vrsto za slabo osvetljenost,
02:04
which is why we're color blind in the dark.
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zato smo barvno slepi v temi.
02:06
In normal light, unlike the camera, we have no need for a color filter
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Pri običajni svetlobi, za razliko od kamere, ne potrebujemo barvnega filtra,
02:11
because our photoreceptors already respond selectively
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ker se naši fotoreceptorji že odzovejo selektivno
02:15
to different wavelengths of light.
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na različne valovne dolžine svetlobe.
02:19
Also in contrast to a camera,
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Prav tako so v nasprotju s kamero
02:21
your photoreceptors are unevenly distributed,
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vaši fotoreceptorji neenakomerno razporejeni,
02:24
with no receptors for dim light in the very center.
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brez receptorjev za slabo osvetljenost v samem centru.
02:27
This is why faint stars seem to disappear when you look directly at them.
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Zato se zdi, da slabo vidne zvezde izginejo, ko pogledamo naravnost vanje.
02:33
The center also has very few receptors that can detect blue light,
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Center ima prav tako malo receptorjev, ki lahko zaznajo modro svetlobo,
02:37
which is why you don't notice the blurred blue image from earlier.
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zato prej niste opazili zamegljene modre slike.
02:41
However, you still perceive blue there
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A vseeno tam zaznavate modro svetlobo,
02:44
because your brain fills it in from context.
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ker jo vaši možgani zapolnijo iz konteksta.
02:48
Also, the edges of our retinas have relatively few receptors
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Prav tako imajo robovi naše mrežnice relativno malo receptorjev
02:52
for any wavelength light.
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za katerokoli valovno dolžino svetlobe.
02:54
So our visual acuity and ability to see color
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Natančnost našega vida in zmožnost videti barve
02:57
falls off rapidly from the center of our vision.
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hitro pade izven centra našega vida.
03:02
There is also an area in our eyes called the blind spot
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Prav tako je v našem očesu predel, ki se imenuje slepa pega,
03:05
where there are no photoreceptors of any kind.
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kjer ni nobenih fotoreceptorjev.
03:09
We don't notice a lack of vision there
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Tega ne opazimo,
03:11
because once again, our brain fills in the gaps.
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saj naši možgani spet zapolnijo to vrzel.
03:14
In a very real sense, we see with our brains, not our eyes.
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Pravzaprav vidimo z možgani in ne z očmi.
03:19
And because our brains, including the retinas,
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In ker so naši možgani, vključno z mrežnico,
03:22
are so involved in the process,
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vpleteni v ta postopek,
03:24
we are susceptible to visual illusions.
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smo dovzetni za vidne iluzije.
03:28
Here's another illusion caused by the eye itself.
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Tu je še ena iluzija, ki jo ustvari oko samo.
03:31
Does the center of this image look like it's jittering around?
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Ali center tega kroga izgleda, kot da poskakuje?
03:35
That's because your eye actually jiggles most of the time.
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To je zato, ker vaše oko v resnici večino časa poskakuje.
03:38
If it didn't, your vision would eventually shut down
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Če ne bi, bi vid sčasom ugasnil,
03:41
because the nerves on the retina stop responding to a stationary image
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ker bi se živci na mrežnici nehali odzivati na stoječo sliko
03:46
of constant intensity.
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enakomerne jakosti.
03:50
And unlike a camera,
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In za razliko od kamere
03:51
you briefly stop seeing whenever you make a larger movement with your eyes.
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za kratek čas ne vidite nič, ko naredite z očmi večji premik.
03:56
That's why you can't see your own eyes shift
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Zato ne morete videti premikanja svojih oči,
03:58
as you look from one to the other in a mirror.
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ko pogledate od enega do drugega v ogledalu.
04:02
Video cameras can capture details our eyes miss,
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Kamere ujamejo detajle, ki jih zamudijo naše oči,
04:06
magnify distant objects
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povečajo oddaljene predmete
04:08
and accurately record what they see.
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in natančno posnamejo, kar vidijo.
04:11
But our eyes are remarkably efficient adaptations,
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Ampak oči so se neverjetno prilagodile,
04:14
the result of hundreds of millions of years
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kar je rezultat stotine milijonov let
04:17
of coevolution with our brains.
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sočasne evolucije z možgani.
04:21
And so what if we don't always see the world exactly as it is.
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Pa kaj potem, če ne vidimo sveta vedno takega, kakršen je.
04:25
There's a certain joy to be found watching stationary leaves
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Posebna radost je v tem, da te negibne liste
04:29
waving on an illusive breeze,
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vidimo migati v vetrcu iluzije,
04:33
and maybe even an evolutionary advantage.
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in morda je to celo evolucijska prednost.
04:38
But that's a lesson for another day.
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A to je lekcija za kakšen drug dan.

Original video on YouTube.com
O tej spletni strani

Na tem mestu boste našli videoposnetke na YouTubu, ki so uporabni za učenje angleščine. Ogledali si boste lekcije angleščine, ki jih poučujejo vrhunski učitelji z vsega sveta. Z dvoklikom na angleške podnapise, ki so prikazani na vsaki strani z videoposnetki, lahko predvajate videoposnetek od tam. Podnapisi se pomikajo sinhronizirano s predvajanjem videoposnetka. Če imate kakršne koli pripombe ali zahteve, nam pišite prek tega obrazca za stike.

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