Camera or eye: Which sees better? - Michael Mauser

Oko proti kameri - Michael Mauser

Translator: Nika Kotnik Reviewer: Klavdija Cernilogar

Watch the center of this disk.

Poglejte v sredino tega diska.

You are getting sleepy.

Postajate zaspani.

No, just kidding.

Saj se samo hecam.

I'm not going to hypnotize you.

Ne bom vas hipnotiziral.

But are you starting to see colors in the rings?

Ampak, ali začenjate v obročih videvati barve?

If so, your eyes are playing tricks on you.

Če jih, se vaše oči igrajo z vami.

The disk was only ever black and white.

Disk je bil vedno samo črnobel.

You see, your eyes don't always capture the world as a video camera would.

Veste, vaše oči ne ujamejo sveta zmeraj tako, kot bi ga video kamera.

In fact, there are quite a few differences,

V bistvu je med njima kar nekaj razlik,

owing to the anatomy of your eye

zaradi anatomije očesa

and the processing that takes place in your brain

in procesiranja, ki se dogaja v možganih

and its outgrowth, the retina.

in v njihovem podaljšku, mrežnici.

Let's start with some similarities.

Začnimo z nekaj podobnostmi.

Both have lenses to focus light and sensors to capture it,

Oba imata lečo, ki zbere svetlobo, in senzorje, ki jo ujamejo,

but even those things behave differently.

a celo te stvari se obnašajo različno.

The lens in a camera moves to stay focused on an object hurtling towards it,

Leča v kameri se premika, da bi ostala osredotočena na predmet, ki gre proti njej,

while the one in your eye responds by changing shape.

medtem ko se tista v očesu odzove s spremembo oblike.

Most camera lenses are also achromatic,

Večina leč v kamerah je prav tako akromatičnih,

meaning they focus both red and blue light to the same point.

kar pomeni, da se rdeča in modra svetloba stikata v isti točki.

Your eye is different.

Oko je drugačno.

When red light from an object is in focus, the blue light is out of focus.

Ko je rdeča svetloba s predmeta v fokusu, je modra svetloba izven njega.

So why don't things look partially out of focus all the time?

Zakaj potem niso stvari delno izven fokusa ves čas?

To answer that question,

Da bi odgovorili na to vprašanje,

we first need to look at how your eye and the camera capture light:

moramo najprej pogledati, kako oko in kamera ujameta svetlobo:

photoreceptors.

fotoreceptorji.

The light-sensitive surface in a camera only has one kind of photoreceptor

Površina, občutljiva na svetlobo, ima v kameri le eno vrsto foto receptorjev,

that is evenly distributed throughout the focusing surface.

ki so enakomerno razporejeni po površini za fokus.

An array of red, green and blue filters on top of these photoreceptors

Zbirka rdečih, zelenih in modrih filtrov na vrhu teh fotoreceptorjev povzroči,

causes them to respond selectively to long, medium and short wavelength light.

da se selektivno odzovejo na dolge, srednje in kratke valovne dolžine svetobe.

Your eye's retinas, on the other hand, have several types of photoreceptors,

Mrežnica v očesu pa ima, po drugi strani, več različnih tipov fotoreceptorjev,

usually three for normal light conditions, and only one type for lowlight,

ponavadi tri za normalno svetlobo in samo eno vrsto za slabo osvetljenost,

which is why we're color blind in the dark.

zato smo barvno slepi v temi.

In normal light, unlike the camera, we have no need for a color filter

Pri običajni svetlobi, za razliko od kamere, ne potrebujemo barvnega filtra,

because our photoreceptors already respond selectively

ker se naši fotoreceptorji že odzovejo selektivno

to different wavelengths of light.

na različne valovne dolžine svetlobe.

Also in contrast to a camera,

Prav tako so v nasprotju s kamero

your photoreceptors are unevenly distributed,

vaši fotoreceptorji neenakomerno razporejeni,

with no receptors for dim light in the very center.

brez receptorjev za slabo osvetljenost v samem centru.

This is why faint stars seem to disappear when you look directly at them.

Zato se zdi, da slabo vidne zvezde izginejo, ko pogledamo naravnost vanje.

The center also has very few receptors that can detect blue light,

Center ima prav tako malo receptorjev, ki lahko zaznajo modro svetlobo,

which is why you don't notice the blurred blue image from earlier.

zato prej niste opazili zamegljene modre slike.

However, you still perceive blue there

A vseeno tam zaznavate modro svetlobo,

because your brain fills it in from context.

ker jo vaši možgani zapolnijo iz konteksta.

Also, the edges of our retinas have relatively few receptors

Prav tako imajo robovi naše mrežnice relativno malo receptorjev

for any wavelength light.

za katerokoli valovno dolžino svetlobe.

So our visual acuity and ability to see color

Natančnost našega vida in zmožnost videti barve

falls off rapidly from the center of our vision.

hitro pade izven centra našega vida.

There is also an area in our eyes called the blind spot

Prav tako je v našem očesu predel, ki se imenuje slepa pega,

where there are no photoreceptors of any kind.

kjer ni nobenih fotoreceptorjev.

We don't notice a lack of vision there

Tega ne opazimo,

because once again, our brain fills in the gaps.

saj naši možgani spet zapolnijo to vrzel.

In a very real sense, we see with our brains, not our eyes.

Pravzaprav vidimo z možgani in ne z očmi.

And because our brains, including the retinas,

In ker so naši možgani, vključno z mrežnico,

are so involved in the process,

vpleteni v ta postopek,

we are susceptible to visual illusions.

smo dovzetni za vidne iluzije.

Here's another illusion caused by the eye itself.

Tu je še ena iluzija, ki jo ustvari oko samo.

Does the center of this image look like it's jittering around?

Ali center tega kroga izgleda, kot da poskakuje?

That's because your eye actually jiggles most of the time.

To je zato, ker vaše oko v resnici večino časa poskakuje.

If it didn't, your vision would eventually shut down

Če ne bi, bi vid sčasom ugasnil,

because the nerves on the retina stop responding to a stationary image

ker bi se živci na mrežnici nehali odzivati na stoječo sliko

of constant intensity.

enakomerne jakosti.

And unlike a camera,

In za razliko od kamere

you briefly stop seeing whenever you make a larger movement with your eyes.

za kratek čas ne vidite nič, ko naredite z očmi večji premik.

That's why you can't see your own eyes shift

Zato ne morete videti premikanja svojih oči,

as you look from one to the other in a mirror.

ko pogledate od enega do drugega v ogledalu.

Video cameras can capture details our eyes miss,

Kamere ujamejo detajle, ki jih zamudijo naše oči,

magnify distant objects

povečajo oddaljene predmete

and accurately record what they see.

in natančno posnamejo, kar vidijo.

But our eyes are remarkably efficient adaptations,

Ampak oči so se neverjetno prilagodile,

the result of hundreds of millions of years

kar je rezultat stotine milijonov let

of coevolution with our brains.

sočasne evolucije z možgani.

And so what if we don't always see the world exactly as it is.

Pa kaj potem, če ne vidimo sveta vedno takega, kakršen je.

There's a certain joy to be found watching stationary leaves

Posebna radost je v tem, da te negibne liste

waving on an illusive breeze,

vidimo migati v vetrcu iluzije,

and maybe even an evolutionary advantage.

in morda je to celo evolucijska prednost.

But that's a lesson for another day.

A to je lekcija za kakšen drug dan.