How do your kidneys work? - Emma Bryce

Kako funkcionišu bubrezi? - Ema Brajs (Emma Bryce)

Prevodilac: Mile Živković Lektor: Anja Saric

It's a hot day,

Dan je vreo

and you've just downed several glasses of water,

i upravo ste ispili nekoliko čaša vode naiskap,

one after the other.

jednu za drugom.

Behind the sudden urge that follows are two bean-shaped organs

Iza naglog nagona koji se javlja stoje dva organa u obliku zrna pasulja

that work as fine-tuned internal sensors.

koja funkcionišu kao fino podešeni unutrašnji senzori.

They balance the amount of fluid in your body,

Oni drže u ravnoteži količinu tečnosti u vašem telu,

detect waste in your blood,

otkrivaju otpadne materije u krvi

and know when to release the vitamins, minerals,

i znaju kada da luče vitamine, minerale

and hormones you need to stay alive.

i hormone koji su vam potrebni da biste preživeli.

Say hello to your kidneys.

Pozdravite svoje bubrege.

The main role of these organs is to dispose of waste products

Glavna uloga ovih organa je da se otarase otpadnih proizvoda

and to turn them into urine.

i pretvore ih u mokraću.

The body's eight liters of blood pass through the kidneys

Osam litara krvi u telu prolazi kroz bubrege

between 20 and 25 times each day,

između 20 i 25 puta dnevno,

meaning that, together, these organs filter about 180 liters every 24 hours.

što znači da ovi organi ukupno filtriraju oko 180 litara svakih 24 časa.

The ingredients in your blood are constantly changing

Sastojci u vašoj krvi stalno se menjaju

as you ingest food and drink,

dok unosite hranu i piće,

which explains why the kidneys need to be on permanent duty.

što objašnjava zašto bubrezi moraju stalno da budu u pripravnosti.

Blood enters each kidney through arteries that branch and branch,

Krv ulazi u svaki bubreg kroz arterije koje se granaju i granaju dok ne postanu

until they form tiny vessels that entwine with special internal modules,

sićušni sudovi koji se prepliću sa posebnim unutrašnjim modulima

called nephrons.

koji se nazivaju nefronima.

In each kidney,

U svakom bubregu,

1 million of these nephrons form a powerful array of filters and sensors

milion ovih nefrona čini moćnu mrežu filtera i senzora

that carefully sift through the blood.

koja pažljivo filtrira krv.

This is where we see just how refined

Ovde možemo videti koliko je prefinjen

and accurate this internal sensing system is.

i precizan ovaj unutrašnji sistem.

To filter the blood, each nephron uses two powerful pieces of equipment:

Kako bi filtrirao krv, svaki nefron koristi dve moćne alatke:

a blob-like structure called a glomerulus, and a long, stringy, straw-like tubule.

strukturu nalik grudvici, zvanu glomerulus i dugačku vrpčastu cevčicu poput slamke.

The glomerulus works like a sieve, allowing only certain ingredients,

Glomerulus funkcioniše kao sito i kroz cevčicu propušta

such as vitamins and minerals, to pass into the tubule.

samo neke sastojke, poput vitamina i minerala.

Then, this vessel's job is to detect

Posao ovog suda je onda da otkrije

whether any of those ingredients are needed in the body.

da li je bilo koji od tih sastojaka potreban telu.

If so, they're reabsorbed in amounts that the body needs,

Ukoliko jeste, ponovo se apsorbuje u količini koja je telu potrebna,

so they can circulate in the blood again.

tako da ponovo može da cirkuliše kroz krv.

But the blood doesn't only carry useful ingredients.

Ali krv ne nosi samo korisne sastojke.

It contains waste products, too.

Ona sadrži i otpadni materijal.

And the nephrons have to figure out what to do with them.

A nefroni moraju da smisle šta sa njime da urade.

The tubules sense compounds the body doesn't need,

Cevčice osete sastojke koji nisu potrebni telu,

like urea, left over from the breakdown of proteins,

poput uree, koji ostaju nakon razbijanja proteina,

and redirects them as urine out of the kidneys

i prusmeravaju ih u obliku mokraće van bubrega

and through two long sewers called ureters.

i kroz dva duga kanala koji se nazivaju uretrima.

The tubes empty their contents into the bladder to be discharged,

Cevčice prazne svoj sadržaj u bešiku

ridding your body of that waste once and for all.

i zauvek vas oslobađaju tog otpada.

There's water in that urine, too.

U toj mokraći ima i vode.

If the kidney detects too much of it in your blood,

Ukoliko buberzi otkriju da je ima previše u vašoj krvi,

for instance, when you've chugged several glasses at once,

kao na primer kada naiskap popijete nekoliko čaša odjednom,

it sends the extra liquid to the bladder to be removed.

oni šalju višak tečnosti ka bešici kako bi se ona izbacila.

On the other hand, low water levels in the blood

Sa druge strane, kada je nivo vode u krvi nizak,

prompt the kidney to release some back into the blood stream,

bubrezi vraćaju jedan njen deo nazad u krvni sistem,

meaning that less water makes it into the urine.

što znači da u mokraću dospe manje vode.

This is why urine appears yellower when you're less hydrated.

Zbog ovoga je mokraća žuća kada ne unosite dovoljno vode.

By controlling water, your kidneys stabilize the body's fluid levels.

Kontrolisanjem vode, vaši bubrezi dovode nivoe tečnosti u telu u ravnotežu.

But this fine balancing act isn't the kidney's only skill.

Ali ovaj čin finog balansiranja nije jedina veština bubrega.

These organs have the power to activate vitamin D

Ovi organi imaju moć da aktiviraju vitamin D

to secrete a hormone called renin that raises blood pressure,

kako bi se lučio hormon renin koji podiže krvni pritisak

and another hormone called erythropoietin,

i drugi hormon zvani eritropoietin

which increases red blood cell production.

koji povećava proizvodnju crvenih krvnih zrnaca.

Without the kidneys, our bodily fluids would spiral out of control.

Bez bubrega, naše telesne tečnosti bi se otele kontroli.

Every time we ate, our blood would receive another load of unsifted ingredients.

Svaki put kada bismo jeli, naša krv dobila bi dozu nepročišćenih sastojaka.

Soon, the buildup of waste would overload our systems and we'd expire.

Ubrzo bi gomilanje otpada preopteretilo naše sisteme i skončali bismo.

So each kidney not only keeps things running smoothly.

Pored toga što čini da stvari teku glatko,

It also keeps us alive.

svaki bubreg nas i drži u životu.

Lucky then that we have two of these magical beans.

Srećom po nas, posedujemo dva ovakva magična zrna pasulja.