The pharaoh that wouldn't be forgotten - Kate Green

Faraon koji se neće zaboraviti - Kejt Narev (Kate Narev)

Prevodilac: Tijana Mihajlović Lektor: Mile Živković

Three and a half thousand years ago in Egypt,

Pre tri i po hiljade godina u Egiptu,

a noble pharaoh was the victim of a violent attack.

plemeniti faraon bio je žrtva silovitog napada,

But the attack was not physical.

ali taj napad nije bio fizički.

This royal had been dead for 20 years.

Ovaj pripadnik kraljevske porodice bio je mrtav već 20 godina.

The attack was historical,

Napad je bio istorijski,

an act of damnatio memoriae, the damnation of memory.

čin damnatio memoriae - prokletstvo sećanja.

Somebody smashed the pharaoh's statues,

Neko je razbio faraonove statue,

took a chisel and attempted to erase the pharaoh's name and image from history.

uzeo dleto i pokušao da obriše faraonovo ime i lik iz istorije.

Who was this pharaoh, and what was behind the attack?

Ko je bio ovaj faraon i šta se krije iza ovog napada?

Here's the key:

Evo ključa:

the pharaoh Hatshepsut was a woman.

faraon Hatšepsut bila je žena.

In the normal course of things, she should never have been pharaoh.

Kod normalnog toka događaja, nikada ne bi trebalo da postane faraon.

Although it was legal for a woman to be a monarch,

Iako je bilo dozvoljeno zakonom da žena bude monarh,

it disturbed some essential Egyptian beliefs.

to je remetilo neka osnovna egipatska verovanja.

Firstly, the pharaoh was known as the living embodiment

Kao prvo, faraon je bio poznat po tome što je živo otelotvorenje

of the male god Horus.

muškog boga Horusa.

Secondly, disturbance to the tradition of rule by men

Kao drugo, remećenje tradicije vladavine muškaraca

was a serious challenge to Maat,

bilo je ogromni izazov za Maat,

a word for "truth," expressing a belief in order and justice,

što je reč za istinu, a koja izražava verovanje u red i pravdu,

vital to the Egyptians.

značajne za Egipćane.

Hatshepsut had perhaps tried to adapt

Hatšepsut je možda pokušala da se prilagodi

to this belief in the link between order and patriarchy through her titles.

ovom verovanju u povezivanju između reda i patrijarhata kroz titule.

She took the name Maatkare,

Preuzela je ime Maatkare,

and sometimes referred to herself

a nekada je sebe nazovala Hatšepsu,

as Hatshepsu, with a masculine word ending.

sa nastavkom za reči u muškom rodu.

But apparently, these efforts didn't convince everyone,

Izgleda da ovi napori nisu ubedili svakoga,

and perhaps someone erased Hatshepsut's image

a možda je neko izbrisao Hatšepsutin lik

so that the world would forget the disturbance to Maat,

da bi svet zaboravio uznemiravanje Maata

and Egypt could be balanced again.

i da bi Egipat opet bio uravnotežen.

Hatshepsut, moreover, was not the legitimate heir to the thrown,

Hatšepsut, šta više, nije bila zakonski naslednik trona,

but a regent, a kind of stand-in co-monarch.

već regent, neka vrsta monarha zamenika.

The Egyptian kingship traditionally passed from father to son.

Egipatsko kraljevstvo je po tradiciji prelazilo sa oca na sina.

It passed from Thutmose I to his son Thutmose II,

Prešlo je sa Tutmosa I na njegovog sina, Tutmosa II,

Hatshepsut's husband.

Hatšepsutinog muža.

It should have passed from Thutmose II directly to his son Thutmose III,

Trebalo je da pređe direktno sa Tutmosa II na njegovog sina, Tutmosa III,

but Thutmose III was a little boy when his father died.

ali je Tutmos III bio mali dečak kada je njegov otac preminuo.

Hatshepsut, the dead pharaoh's chief wife and widow,

Hatšepsut, glavna žena i udovica mrtvog faraona,

stepped in to help as her stepson's regent

ubacila se da pomogne kao regent svog pastorka,

but ended up ruling beside him as a fully fledged pharaoh.

ali je završila vladajući pored njega kao punopravni faraon.

Perhaps Thutmose III was angry about this.

Možda je Tutmos III bio ljut zbog ovoga.

Perhaps he was the one who erased her images.

Možda je on bio taj koji je izbrisao njen lik.

It's also possible that someone wanted to dishonor Hatshepsut

Takođe je moguće da je neko želeo da osramoti Hatšepsut

because she was a bad pharaoh.

zato što je bila loš faraon.

But the evidence suggests she was actually pretty good.

Međutim, dokazi pokazuju da je ona zapravo bila veoma dobra.

She competently fulfilled the traditional roles of the office.

Kompetentno je ispunjavala tradicionalne uloge službe.

She was a great builder.

Bila je veliki graditelj.

Her mortuary temple, Djeser-Djeseru,

Njen pogrebni hram, Đeser-Đeseru,

was an architectural phenomenon at the time

bio je arhitektonski fenomen u to vreme,

and is still admired today.

a divimo mu se i danas.

She enhanced the economy of Egypt,

Pospešila je ekonomiju Egipta,

conducting a very successful trade mission to the distant land of Punt.

sklapajući vrlo uspešan trgovinski posao sa dalekom zemljom Punt.

She had strong religious connections.

Imala je snažne religijske veze.

She even claimed to be the daughter of the state god, Amun.

Čak je i tvrdila da je ćerka državnog boga, Amuna

And she had a successful military career, with a Nubian campaign,

i imala je uspešnu vojničku karijeru

u nubijskoj kampanji

and claims she fought alongside her soldiers in battle.

i tvrdi da se borila rame uz rame sa vojnicima u bici.

Of course, we have to be careful when we assess the success

Naravno, moramo da budemo pažljivi dok procenjujemo uspešnost

of Hatshepsut's career,

Hatšepsutine karijere,

since most of the evidence was written by Hatshepsut herself.

pošto je većinu dokaza ispisala sama Hatšepsut.

She tells her own story in pictures and writing

Ona priča sopstvenu priču kroz slike i zapise na zidovima

on the walls of her mortuary temple

njenog pogrebnog hrama

and the red chapel she built for Amun.

i crvene kapele koju je izgradila u čast Amunu.

So who committed the crimes against Hatshepsut's memory?

Pa, ko je počinio zločine nad sećanjem o Hatšepsut?

The most popular suspect is her stepson, nephew and co-ruler, Thutmose III.

Najpopularniji osumnjičeni je

njen posinak, nećak i suvladar, Tutmos III.

Did he do it out of anger because she stole his throne?

Da li je to uradio iz besa zato što mu je ukrala presto?

This is unlikely since the damage wasn't done

Ovo nije mnogo verovatno jer šteta nije pričinjena

until 20 years after Hatshepsut died.

još 20 godina po Hatšepsutinoj smrti.

That's a long time to hang onto anger and then act in a rage.

To je dugo vreme za zadržavanje besa, da bi se potom reagovalo u ljutini.

Maybe Thutmose III did it to make his own reign look stronger.

Možda je to Tutmos III uradio da bi njegova vladavina delovala snažnija.

But it is most likely that he or someone else erased the images

Najverovatnije je da je on ili neko drugi izbrisao njen lik

so that people would forget that a woman ever sat on Egypt's throne.

da bi ljudi zaboravili da je ikada

žena sedela na egipatskom prestolu.

This gender anomaly was simply too much of a threat to Maat

Ova rodna anomalija je jednostavno bila prevelika pretnja za Maat

and had to be obliterated from history.

i morala se izbrisati iz istorije.

Happily, the ancient censors were not quite thorough enough.

Na sreću, drevni cenzori nisu bili dovoljno temeljni.

Enough evidence survived for us to piece together what happened,

Dovoljno dokaza je preživelo da bismo sklopili delove onoga što se desilo,

so the story of this unique powerful woman can now be told.

pa se priča o ovoj jedinstvenoj,

moćnoj ženi sada može ispričati.