The pharaoh that wouldn't be forgotten - Kate Green

Translator: Alrilo Witwicky Reviewer: Ade Indarta

Three and a half thousand years ago in Egypt,

Tiga ribu lima ratus tahun lalu di Mesir,

a noble pharaoh was the victim of a violent attack.

firaun yang mulia telah menjadi korban kekerasan.

But the attack was not physical.

Tapi bukan serangan secara fisik.

This royal had been dead for 20 years.

Anggota kerajaan ini telah wafat selama 20 tahun.

The attack was historical,

Serangan itu bersifat kesejarahan,

an act of damnatio memoriae, the damnation of memory.

sebuah tindakan damnatio memoriae, pengutukan memori.

Somebody smashed the pharaoh's statues,

Seseorang menghancurkan patung firaun,

took a chisel and attempted to erase the pharaoh's name and image from history.

mengambil pahat dan berusaha menghapus nama dan gambarnya dari sejarah.

Who was this pharaoh, and what was behind the attack?

Siapakah firaun ini, apa yang melatarbelakangi penyerangan ini?

Here's the key:

Inilah jawabannya:

the pharaoh Hatshepsut was a woman.

sang firaun Hatshepsut adalah seorang wanita.

In the normal course of things, she should never have been pharaoh.

Sebenarnya, dia tak seharusnya menjadi firaun.

Although it was legal for a woman to be a monarch,

Meskipun wanita boleh menjadi memerintah,

it disturbed some essential Egyptian beliefs.

hal itu mengganggu beberapa dasar kepercayaan penduduk Mesir.

Firstly, the pharaoh was known as the living embodiment

Pertama, firaun dikenal sebagai perwujudan

of the male god Horus.

dewa laki-laki, Horus.

Secondly, disturbance to the tradition of rule by men

Kedua, mengubah tradisi pemerintahan oleh laki-laki

was a serious challenge to Maat,

adalah tantangan serius bagi Maat,

a word for "truth," expressing a belief in order and justice,

kata untuk "kebenaran," mengekspresikan kepercayaan dan keadilan,

vital to the Egyptians.

yang sangat penting bagi penduduk Mesir.

Hatshepsut had perhaps tried to adapt

Hatshepsut mungkin mencoba beradaptasi

to this belief in the link between order and patriarchy through her titles.

meyakini hubungan antara perintah dan patriarki melalui gelarnya.

She took the name Maatkare,

Namanya diganti Maatkare,

and sometimes referred to herself

terkadang dia memperkenalkan dirinya

as Hatshepsu, with a masculine word ending.

sebagai Hatshepu, dengan akhiran kata lebih maskulin.

But apparently, these efforts didn't convince everyone,

Tapi ternyata, usahanya tidak meyakinkan semua orang,

and perhaps someone erased Hatshepsut's image

dan mungkin seseorang menghapus gambar Hatshepsut

so that the world would forget the disturbance to Maat,

agar dunia melupakan gangguan pada Maat,

and Egypt could be balanced again.

dan Mesir bisa seimbang lagi.

Hatshepsut, moreover, was not the legitimate heir to the thrown,

Apalagi, Hatshepsut bukan pewaris sah takhta,

but a regent, a kind of stand-in co-monarch.

hanya seorang bupati, semacam wakil raja.

The Egyptian kingship traditionally passed from father to son.

secara tradisi kekerajaan Mesir diturunkan dari ayah ke putranya.

It passed from Thutmose I to his son Thutmose II,

Dimulai dari Thutmose I ke putranya Thutmose II,

Hatshepsut's husband.

suami Hatshepsut.

It should have passed from Thutmose II directly to his son Thutmose III,

seharusnya Thutmose II menurunkan langsung ke putranya Thutmose III,

but Thutmose III was a little boy when his father died.

tapi Thutmose III masih kecil ketika ayahnya wafat.

Hatshepsut, the dead pharaoh's chief wife and widow,

Hatshepsut, permaisuri serta janda Firaun yang wafat,

stepped in to help as her stepson's regent

maju untuk membantu putra tirinya sebagai bupati

but ended up ruling beside him as a fully fledged pharaoh.

tapi akhirnya memerintah bersama sebagai firaun sepenuhnya.

Perhaps Thutmose III was angry about this.

Mungkin ini membuat Thutmose III geram.

Perhaps he was the one who erased her images.

Mungkin dialah yang menghapus gambarnya.

It's also possible that someone wanted to dishonor Hatshepsut

Kemungkinan seseorang ingin menghina Hatshepsut

because she was a bad pharaoh.

karena dia firaun yang buruk.

But the evidence suggests she was actually pretty good.

Tapi bukti menunjukkan sebenarnya dia cukup baik.

She competently fulfilled the traditional roles of the office.

Ia secara kompeten menjalankan peran kantor secara tradisional.

She was a great builder.

Ia seorang arsitek handal.

Her mortuary temple, Djeser-Djeseru,

Kuil persemayamannya, Djeser-Djeseru,

was an architectural phenomenon at the time

adalah arsitektur fenomenal saat itu

and is still admired today.

dan masih dikagumi hingga kini.

She enhanced the economy of Egypt,

Ia meningkatkan ekonomi Mesir,

conducting a very successful trade mission to the distant land of Punt.

melakukan misi dagang dengan sukses hingga pulau yang jauh, Punt.

She had strong religious connections.

Dia memiliki koneksi agama kuat.

She even claimed to be the daughter of the state god, Amun.

Ia bahkan menyatakan bahwa ia putri dewa negara, Amun.

And she had a successful military career, with a Nubian campaign,

Ia memiliki karier militer yang sukses bersama operasi militer Nubian,

and claims she fought alongside her soldiers in battle.

dan menyatakan dia berperang bersama tentaranya di peperangan.

Of course, we have to be careful when we assess the success

Tentu, kita harus berhati-hati ketika menilai kesuksesan

of Hatshepsut's career,

karier Hatshepsut,

since most of the evidence was written by Hatshepsut herself.

karena kebanyakan bukti ditulis Hatshepsut sendiri.

She tells her own story in pictures and writing

Dia menceritakan kisahnya dalam gambar dan tulisan

on the walls of her mortuary temple

di dinding kuil persemayamannya

and the red chapel she built for Amun.

serta kuil merah yang ia bangun untuk Amun.

So who committed the crimes against Hatshepsut's memory?

Jadi siapa yang melakukan kejahatan terhadap memori Hatshepsut?

The most popular suspect is her stepson, nephew and co-ruler, Thutmose III.

Tersangka paling populer ialah putra tiri, keponakan dan wakilnya, Thutmose III.

Did he do it out of anger because she stole his throne?

Apakah ia marah karena dia telah merebut takhtanya?

This is unlikely since the damage wasn't done

Yang tampaknya semua tak berubah

until 20 years after Hatshepsut died.

hingga 20 tahun setelah Hatshepsut wafat.

That's a long time to hang onto anger and then act in a rage.

Waktu yang lama untuk memendam amarah dan kemudian bertindak penuh kekerasan.

Maybe Thutmose III did it to make his own reign look stronger.

Mungkin Thutmose III melakukan agar pemerintahannya tampak lebih kuat.

But it is most likely that he or someone else erased the images

Kemungkinan dia atau orang lain menghapus gambarnya

so that people would forget that a woman ever sat on Egypt's throne.

sehingga orang akan melupakan wanita yang pernah memimpin takhta Mesir.

This gender anomaly was simply too much of a threat to Maat

Anomali gender ini menjadi ancaman berat bagi Maat

and had to be obliterated from history.

hingga harus dilenyapkan dari sejarah.

Happily, the ancient censors were not quite thorough enough.

Untungnya, sensor kuno tidak menyeluruh.

Enough evidence survived for us to piece together what happened,

Cukup banyak bukti tersisa untuk menyimpulkan apa yang terjadi,

so the story of this unique powerful woman can now be told.

jadi kisah wanita kuat yang unik ini bisa diceritakan.