Why do we hiccup? - John Cameron

Prevodilac: Milenka Okuka Lektor: Mile Živković

Charles Osborne began to hiccup in 1922 after a hog fell on top of him.

Čarls Ozborn je počeo da štuca 1922. nakon što je krmak pao na njega.

He wasn't cured until 68 years later

Izlečen je tek 68 godina kasnije

and is now listed by Guinness as the world record holder

i trenutno je zapisan u Ginisu kao nosilac svetskog rekorda

for hiccup longevity.

za dužinu štucanja.

Meanwhile, Florida teen Jennifer Mee

Međutim, tinejdžerka iz Floride, Dženifer Mi,

may hold the record for the most frequent hiccups,

možda drži rekord za najučestalije štucanje,

50 times per minute for more than four weeks in 2007.

50 puta u minuti duže od četiri nedelje tokom 2007.

So what causes hiccups?

Pa, šta uzrokuje štucanje?

Doctors point out that a round of hiccups often follows from stimuli

Doktori ističu da serija štucanja često proizilazi iz stimulansa

that stretch the stomach,

koji razvlači želudac,

like swallowing air

poput gutanja vazduha

or too rapid eating or drinking.

ili suviše brzog jedenja ili pijenja.

Others associate hiccups with intense emotions

Drugi povezuju štucanje sa snažnim emocijama

or a response to them:

ili kao reakciju na njih:

laughing,

smejanje,

sobbing,

anxiety,

jecanje,

nespokoj

and excitement.

i uzbuđenje.

Let's look at what happens when we hiccup.

Pogledajmo šta se dešava kad štucamo.

It begins with an involuntary spasm or sudden contraction of the diaphragm,

Počinje nehotičnim grčem ili iznenadnim skupljanjem dijafragme,

the large dome-shaped muscle below our lungs

velikog mišića u obliku kupole ispod naših pluća

that we use to inhale air.

koji koristimo da bismo disali.

This is followed almost immediately by the sudden closure of the vocal chords

Ovo je skoro momentalno praćeno iznenadnim zatvaranjem glasnih žica

and the opening between them,

i prostora između njih,

which is called the glottis.

koji se naziva glotisom.

The movement of the diaphragm initiates a sudden intake of air,

Pokretanje dijafragme pokreće nagli udah vazduha,

but the closure of the vocal chords stops it from entering the wind pipe

ali zatvaranje glasnih žica sprečava vazduh da uđe u dušnik

and reaching the lungs.

i stigne do pluća.

It also creates the characteristic sound: "hic."

Takođe stvara karakteristični zvuk: "štuc".

To date, there is no known function for hiccups.

Do sad nije otkrivena svrha štucanja.

They don't seem to provide any medical or physiological advantage.

Izgleda da ono ne pruža bilo kakvu medicinsku ili fiziološku prednost.

Why begin to inhale air only to suddenly stop it from actually entering the lungs?

Zašto počinjati udisati vazduh samo da bi on naglo bio sprečen od ulaska u pluća?

Anatomical structures,

Anatomske strukture

or physiological mechanisms, with no apparent purpose

ili fiziološki mehanizmi bez jasne svrhe

present challenges to evolutionary biologists.

predstavljaju izazov za evolutivne biologe.

Do such structures serve some hidden function that hasn't yet been discovered?

Da li slične strukture imaju neku skrivenu svrhu koja još uvek nije otkrivena?

Or are they relics of our evolutionary past,

Ili su relikti naše evolutivne prošlosti,

having once served some important purpose

koji su nekad imali važnu svrhu,

only to persist into the present as vestigial remnants?

a sada samo opstaju kao zakržljali zaostaci.

One idea is that hiccups began

Jedna zamisao je da je štucanje nastalo

many millions of years before the appearance of humans.

mnogo miliona godina pre pojave ljudi.

The lung is thought to have evolved as a structure to allow early fish,

Smatra se da su pluća evoluirala kao struktura zbog koje su rane ribe,

many of which lived in warm, stagnant water with little oxygen,

mnoge od kojih su živele u toplim, stajaćim vodama s malo vazduha,

to take advantage of the abundant oxygen in the air overhead.

iskorišćavale obilje kiseonika u vazduhu iznad njih.

When descendants of these animals later moved onto land,

Kada su potomci ovih životinja kasnije prešli na kopno,

they moved from gill-based ventilation to air-breathing with lungs.

prešli su sa disanja na škrge na disanje plućima.

That's similar to the much more rapid changes faced by frogs today

To je nalik daleko bržim promenama s kojima se danas suočavaju žabe

as they transition from tadpoles with gills

dok se menjaju iz punoglavaca sa škrgama

to adults with lungs.

u odrasle jedinke s plućima.

This hypothesis suggests that the hiccup is a relic of the ancient transition

Ova hipoteza pretpostavlja da je štucanje relikvija drevnog prelaza

from water to land.

iz vode na kopno.

An inhalation that could move water over gills

Disanje koje je moglo da pomera vodu kroz škrge

followed by a rapid closure of the glottis preventing water from entering the lungs.

praćeno je brzim zatvaranjem glotisa, koje je sprečavalo da voda uđe u pluća.

That's supported by evidence

To je poduprto dokazima

which suggests that the neural patterning involved in generating a hiccup

koji pretpostavljaju da je nervni obrazac koji je uključen u stvaranje štucanja

is almost identical to that responsible for respiration in amphibians.

skoro identičan onome koji je odgovoran za disanje kod vodozemaca.

Another group of scientists believe that the reflex is retained in us today

Druga grupa naučnika veruje da smo zadržali taj refleks

because it actually provides an important advantage.

jer nam zapravo omogućuje važnu prednost.

They point out that true hiccups are found only in mammals

Ističu da je istinsko štucanje prisutno samo kod sisara,

and that they're not retained in birds, lizards, turtles,

a da se nije zadržalo kod ptica, guštera, kornjača

or any other exclusively air-breathing animals.

ili bilo koje druge životinje koja isključivo diše vazduh.

Further, hiccups appear in human babies long before birth

Zatim, štucanje se javlja kod ljudskih beba mnogo pre rođenja

and are far more common in infants that adults.

i daleko je uobičajenije kod novorođenčadi nego kod odraslih.

Their explanation for this

Njihovo objašnjenje za to

involves the uniquely mammalian activity of nursing.

podrazumeva čin dojenja koji je jedinstven za sisare.

The ancient hiccup reflex may have been adapted by mammals

Drevni refleks štucanja su možda usvojili sisari

to help remove air from the stomach as a sort of glorified burp.

kako bi uklanjali vazduh iz želuca, kao neku vrstu uzvišenog podrigivanja.

The sudden expansion of the diaphragm would raise air from the stomach,

Naglo širenje dijafragme bi podiglo vazduh iz želuca,

while a closure of the glottis would prevent milk from entering the lungs.

dok bi zatvaranje glotisa sprečilo mleko da uđe u pluća.

Sometimes, a bout of hiccups will go on and on,

Ponekad serija štucanja traje i traje,

and we try home remedies:

i isprobavamo domaće lekove:

sipping continuously from a glass of cold water,

stalno pijuckanje čaše hladne vode,

holding one's breath,

zadržavanje daha,

a mouthful of honey or peanut butter,

držanje meda u ustima ili putera od kikirikija,

breathing into a paper bag,

disanje u papirnu kesu

or being suddenly frightened.

ili iznenadno prepadanje.

Unfortunately, scientists have yet to verify that any one cure

Nažalost, naučnici još uvek nisu potvrdili da bilo koji lek

works better or more consistently than others.

bolje i doslednije deluje od drugih.

However, we do know one thing that definitely doesn't work.

Međutim, znamo jednu stvar koja definitivno ne deluje.