Would you opt for a life with no pain? - Hayley Levitt and Bethany Rickwald

3,247,305 views ・ 2015-11-17

TED-Ed


Please double-click on the English subtitles below to play the video.

Translator: Daban Q. Jaff Reviewer: Rastbêjê Çalî
00:06
Imagine if you could plug your brain into a machine
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Wêna bike eger tu bikarî mejiyê xwe bêxî nava amûrekê
00:10
that would bring you ultimate pleasure for the rest of your life.
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ku dê ji we re keyfxweşiya dawîn bîne ji bo jiyana we ya mayî.
00:13
If you were given the choice to sign up for that kind of existence, would you?
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heke hibijartinek bidaya te ji bo xwe tomarkirinê ji bo vî rengê hebûnê, gelo hun ê bikin?
00:17
That's the question philosopher Robert Nozick posed
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ew pirs a fîlozof robêrt nozîkî bû
00:20
through a thought experiment he called the Experience Machine.
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bi saya ezmûneka ramînê wî jêre digot amurê ezmûnkirinê.
00:24
The experiment asks us to consider a world
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ezmûn ji me dixwaze ku em cîhanekê li berçav bigrin
00:26
in which scientists have developed a machine that would simulate real life
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tê de zanyaran amûrek pêşxist ku dê jiyana rastî çêbike
00:30
while guaranteeing experiences of only pleasure and never pain.
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dema desteber kirina ezmûnên ku tenê kêfxweşiyê dikin û qet êşê nakin.
00:35
The catch?
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girtin?
00:36
You have to permanently leave reality behind,
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divê tu her dem rastiyê li paş xwe bihêlî,
00:39
but you'll hardly know the difference.
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lê hûn ê bi zehmet cûdahiyê dizanin.
00:40
Your experiences will be indistinguishable from reality.
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dê ezmûnên we ji rastiyê bihêne veqetandin.
00:44
Life's natural ups and downs
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jiyana xwezayî rabûn û daketin
00:45
will just be replaced with an endless series of ups.
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dê tenê were guhertin bi rêzeke bêdawî ya bilindbûnan.
00:49
Sounds great, right?
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dengên mezin, raste?
00:51
It may seem like a tempting offer, but perhaps it's not as ideal as it sounds.
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dibe ku ew mîna pêşniyareke xapandinê xuya bike, lê dibe ku ew ne ewqas nimuneyî be ku xuya dike.
00:56
The experiment was actually designed to refute a philosophical notion
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ezmûn bi rastî ji bo redkirina tegeheka felsefî hate neqişkirin
00:59
called hedonism.
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hêdonîzim( ola xweşiyê) jê re tê gotin.
01:01
According to hedonists,
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Li gor hedonistan,
01:02
maximizing net pleasure is the most important thing in life
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zêdekirina kêfa nêt ê tiştê herî girînge di jiyanê de
01:06
because pleasure is the greatest good that life has to offer.
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ji ber ku dilşahî qenciya herî mezine ku jiyan pêşkêş dike.
01:10
For hedonists, the best choice that a person could make for himself
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Ji bo hedonîsta, vebijêrka herî baş a ku mirov dikare ji bo xwe bike
01:13
is one that brings him the greatest possible amount of pleasure
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yek e ku kêfa herî mezin a gengaz ji wî re tîne
01:17
while bringing him no pain.
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dema ku jêre tu êş nedihat.
01:19
Limitless pleasure minus zero pain equals maximum net pleasure,
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kêfa bêsînor û nebûna êşê, yeksanî kêfa nêt a herî zêde,
01:23
or in other words, the exact scenario the Experience Machine offers.
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an bi gotinek din, sînaryoya rastîn a ku makîneya ezmûnê pêşkêş dike.
01:28
Therefore, if hedonism is your philosophy of choice,
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loma, ger hedonîzm felsefeya we ya hilbijartinê ye,
01:30
plugging in would be a no-brainer.
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pêvekirin wê wî bike bêmejî.
01:33
But what if there's more to life than just pleasure?
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Lê gelo heke jiyan ne tenê kêf be?
01:36
That's what Nozick believed he was demonstrating
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Tişta ku Nozîk bawer dikir ku wî nîşê dida ev e
01:39
through his Experience Machine thought experiment.
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bi saya ezmûna xwe ya ezmûna amûrê ramanê.
01:42
Despite the machine's promise of maximum net pleasure,
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tevî soza amûrê kêf a nêt ê ya herî zêde,
01:45
he still found reason not to plug in,
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wî hîn jî sedemek dît ku nekeve pêve,
01:47
as do many other experimenters who consider the proposition.
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wekî gelek ezmûnkirinên din ên ku pêşniyarê li berçav digirin.
01:51
But what could possibly dissuade us from choosing a future of ultimate pleasure?
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Lê çi dibe ku me durbixe ji hilbijartina pêşerojê a kêfa dawîn
01:56
Consider this scenario.
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vê senaryoyê li berçav bigrin.
01:58
Betsy and Xander are in a loving, committed relationship.
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Bêtsî û Xandêr ji hev hez dikin û têkilîya wan heye.
02:01
Betsy is head over heels and has never felt happier.
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bêtsî serî hildaye û tu carî xwe bextewar hîs nekiriye
02:04
However, unbeknownst to Betsy,
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Lê, bêtsî nizanibû,
02:06
Xander has been romancing her sister, Angelica,
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Xander hez ji xwişka wê dike, encêlîka,
02:09
with love letters and secret rendezvous for the duration of their relationship.
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Bi nameyên evîniyê û hevdîtina veşartî ji bo dema têkhilya wan.
02:14
If Betsy found out,
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heke Bêtsî bi vê bizane,
02:15
it would destroy her relationships with both Xander and Angelica,
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wê têkiliyên xwe bi Xander û engêlîkayê re hilbiweşîne.
02:19
and the experience would be so traumatic, she would never love again.
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û ev ezmûn wê wisa herişî be, ew ê car din evînyê neke.
02:23
Since Betsy is in blissful ignorance about Xander's infidelity,
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hê bêtsî bexteware ku bi bêbextiya xanderî nizane,
02:26
hedonists would say she's better off remaining in the dark
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hêdonîst wê bibêjin ku baştire ew di tariyê de bimîne
02:30
and maintaining her high level of net pleasure.
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û parastina astê wê yê bilind ê kêfa wê ya nêtê.
02:33
As long as Betsy never finds out about the relationship,
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Heta ku Bêtsî vê têkiliyê fahm neke,
02:36
her life is guaranteed to go on as happily as it is right now.
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jiyana wê garantî ye ku wekî niha bi kêfxweşî berdewam bike.
02:41
So, is there value in Besty knowing the truth of her situation?
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Vêca, gelo çi biha heye ku bêtsî rastiya rewşa xwe bizanibe?
02:45
Imagine if you were Betsy.
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wêna bike heke tu di şûna Bêtsîyê de bî?
02:47
Would you prefer to know the truth?
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ma hûn dixwazin hevyaz bikin ku rastiyê bizanin?
02:49
If the answer is yes,
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heke bersiv erê be,
02:51
you'd be choosing an option that sharply decreases your net pleasure.
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hûn ê vebijarkekê hilbijêrin ku kêfa nêt a we bi tûjî kêm dike.
02:55
Perhaps, then, you believe that there are things in life
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belkî, wê çaxê, hûn bawer bikin ku di jiyanê de tişt hene
02:57
with greater intrinsic value than pleasure.
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digel mezintir ji bihayekê bingehîn ê xweşiyê.
03:00
Truth, knowledge, authentic connection with other human beings.
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rastî, zanyarî, têkiliya rastîn a bi mirovên din re.
03:04
These are all things that might make the list.
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ev hemî tiştên ku dikarin navnîşê çêbikin.
03:07
By never learning the truth,
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bi tu carî fêrnebûna rastiyê,
03:09
Betsy is essentially living life in her own personal Experience Machine,
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Bêtsî di bingeh de jiyana xwe dijî di amûrê ezmûnkirinê yê xwe yê kesane de,
03:13
a world of happiness that's not based in reality.
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cîhanek a kêfxweşiyê ye ku di rastiyê de ne bingehîne.
03:17
This love triangle is an extreme example,
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Ev sêgoşeya evînê mînakeke pir tunde,
03:19
but it mirrors many of the decisions we make in day to day life.
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lê ew neynika gelek biryarên ku em di jiyana rojane de didin.
03:23
So whether you're making a choice for Betsy or for yourself,
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vêca gelo hûn hilbijartinekê dikin ji bo bêtsîyê an ji bo xwe,
03:26
why might you feel reality should be a factor?
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çima dibe ku hûn hîs bikin ku divê rastî bibe ajan?
03:30
Is there inherent value in real experiences,
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ma di ezmûnên rastîn de nirxek xwerû heye,
gelo kêfxweşbar be an bi êş be?
03:33
whether pleasurable or painful?
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03:35
Do you yourself have more value
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Gelo tu bêhtir qîmet didî kîjanê,
03:37
when you're experiencing real life's pleasures and pains?
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dema ku hûn dibînin kêfxweşî û êşên jiyana rast?
03:41
Nozick's experiment may not provide all the answers,
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ezmûna Nozîk dikare hemî bersivan nede,
03:44
but it forces us to consider whether real life, though imperfect,
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lê ew me neçar dike ku em liberçav bigrin ka jiyana rast, her çend bêkêmasî be jî,
03:48
holds some intrinsic value beyond the pleasure of plugging in.
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hin nirxên navxweyî digre li dervey kêfxweşiya pêvekirinê.
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