How do viruses jump from animals to humans? - Ben Longdon

1,570,420 views ใƒป 2019-08-08

TED-Ed


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: KyoungHwan Oh ๊ฒ€ํ† : Yunjung Nam
00:07
At a Maryland country fair in 2017,
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2017๋…„ ๋ฉ”๋ฆด๋žœ๋“œ ์ถ•์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
00:10
the prize pigs were not looking their best.
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์ถ•์ œ์˜ ์ƒํ’ˆ์ธ ๋ผ์ง€์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ๋ณด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:14
Farmers reported feverish hogs with inflamed eyes and running snouts.
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๋†๋ฏผ๋“ค์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ๋ผ์ง€์˜ ๋ˆˆ์€ ์ถฉํ˜ˆ๋˜๊ณ  ์ฝง๋ฌผ์„ ํ˜๋ ธ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์—ด์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:19
But while fair officials worried about the pigs,
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์ถ•์ œ ๊ด€๊ณ„์ž๋“ค์€ ๋ผ์ง€๋“ค์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด,
00:22
the Maryland department of health was concerned about a group of sick fairgoers.
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๋ฉ”๋ฆด๋žœ๋“œ ๋ณด๊ฑด ๋‹น๊ตญ์€ ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์€ ํ•œ ์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž ๊ทธ๋ฃน์„ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:27
Some had pet the pigs, while others had merely been near their barns;
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๊ทธ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ๋ผ์ง€๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๋‹ค๋“ฌ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€๋Š” ๋‹จ์ง€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์— ๋จธ๋ฌผ๋ €์ฃ .
00:32
but soon, 40 of these attendees would be diagnosed with swine flu.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ณง ์ด๋“ค 40๋ช…์€ ๋ผ์ง€ ๋…๊ฐ ์ง„๋‹จ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:37
More often than not, sick animals donโ€™t infect humans.
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๋Œ€๊ฐœ ๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ๋ณ‘์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:41
But when they do, these cross-species infections,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด, ์ข…๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฐ์—ผ,
์ฆ‰, ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ์ˆ™์ฃผ์˜ ์ด๋™์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด
00:44
or viral host jumps,
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00:46
have the potential to produce deadly epidemics.
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์น˜๋ช…์ ์ธ ์ „์—ผ๋ณ‘์ด ๋  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:50
So how can pathogens from one species infect another,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๋ณ‘์›๊ท ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•œ ์ข…์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ๊ฐˆ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
00:53
and what makes host jumps so dangerous?
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ˆ™์ฃผ์˜ ์ด๋™์€ ์™œ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
00:57
Viruses are a type of organic parasite infecting nearly all forms of life.
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๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์—ผ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์œ ๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ์ƒ์ถฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:03
To survive and reproduce, they must move through three stages:
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๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์กดํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฒˆ์‹ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด 3๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ณ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:07
contact with a susceptible host, infection and replication,
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๊ฐ์—ผ๋˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฌ์šด ์ˆ™์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์ ‘์ด‰ํ•˜์—ฌ, ๊ฐ์—ผ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ๋ณต์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ณ,
01:11
and transmission to other individuals.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์ „ํŒŒ์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:14
As an example, letโ€™s look at human influenza.
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๋…๊ฐ์„ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:18
First, the flu virus encounters a new host
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๋จผ์ €, ๋…๊ฐ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ˆ™์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋ฉด
01:21
and makes its way into their respiratory tract.
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๊ธฐ๋„๋กœ ์นจํˆฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:24
This isnโ€™t so difficult, but to survive in this new body,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๊ณผ์ •์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ชธ์—์„œ ์ƒ์กดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ
01:27
the virus must mount a successful infection
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๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋Š” ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ธ ๊ฐ์—ผ์„ ์ผ์œผ์ผœ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:30
before itโ€™s caught and broken down by an immune response.
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๋ฉด์—ญ ๋ฐ˜์‘์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ถ™์žกํ˜€ ํŒŒ๊ดด๋˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—์š”.
01:34
To accomplish this task,
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์ด ๊ณผ์—…์„ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด,
01:35
viruses have evolved specific interactions with their host species.
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๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋Š” ์ˆ™์ฃผ์™€ ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ์ƒํ˜ธ ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ์ง„ํ™”ํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:40
Human flu viruses are covered in proteins
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๋…๊ฐ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋Š” ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ๋กœ ์‹ธ์—ฌ ์žˆ์–ด
01:43
adapted to bind with matching receptors on human respiratory cells.
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์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ ์„ธํฌ์— ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด์™€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •์ฐฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:48
Once inside a cell, the virus employs additional adaptations
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์ผ๋‹จ ์„ธํฌ์•ˆ์— ์ •์ฐฉํ•œ ํ›„, ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋Š” ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ์ ์‘,
01:53
to hijack the host cellโ€™s reproductive machinery
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์ฆ‰, ์ˆ™์ฃผ ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์žฌ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ํŒŒ๊ดดํ•˜๊ณ 
01:56
and replicate its own genetic material.
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๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์œ ์ „ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ๋ณต์ œํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:59
Now the virus only needs to suppress or evade the hostโ€™s immune system
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์ด์ œ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋Š” ์ˆ™์ฃผ์˜ ๋ฉด์—ญ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋งŒ ์–ต์ œํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ”ผํ•˜๋ฉด ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ
02:04
long enough to replicate to sufficient levels and infect more cells.
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๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์—ผ์‹œ์ผœ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•  ์ •๋„๋กœ ๋ณต์ œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:08
At this point, the flu can be passed on to its next victim
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์ด ๋•Œ, ๋…๊ฐ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ ํฌ์ƒ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์ „์—ผ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:12
via any transmission of infected bodily fluid.
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์ด๋ฏธ ๊ฐ์—ผ๋œ ์ฒด์•ก์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
02:15
However, this simple sneeze also brings the virus in contact with pets,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹จ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ์˜ ์žฌ์ฑ„๊ธฐ๋กœ
์• ์™„ ๋™๋ฌผ, ์‹๋ฌผ, ์ ์‹ฌ ์‹์‚ฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ „๋‹ฌ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:20
plants, or even your lunch.
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02:23
Viruses are constantly encountering new species and attempting to infect them.
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๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋Š” ๋Š์ž„์—†์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฐœ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๊ฐœ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์—ผ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:28
More often than not, this ends in failure.
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๋Œ€๊ฐœ ์‹คํŒจ๋กœ ๋๋‚˜์ง€๋งŒ์š”.
02:31
In most cases, the genetic dissimilarity between the two hosts is too great.
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๋‘ ์ˆ™์ฃผ์˜ ์œ ์ „์  ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:36
For a virus adapted to infect humans,
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ํ•œ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฐ์—ผ์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
02:39
a lettuce cell would be a foreign and inhospitable landscape.
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์–‘์ƒ์ถ” ์„ธํฌ๋Š” ๋‚ฏ์„ค๊ณ  ๊ฒฌ๋””๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:43
But there are a staggering number of viruses circulating in the environment,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์ˆซ์ž์˜ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์†์„ ๋งด๋Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:47
all with the potential to encounter new hosts.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ˆ™์ฃผ์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐˆ ํž˜์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋“ค ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:51
And because viruses rapidly reproduce by the millions,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋Š” ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์†๋„๋กœ ์žฌ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—,
02:54
they can quickly develop random mutations.
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๋ฌด์ž‘์œ„๋กœ ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:57
Most mutations will have no effect, or even prove detrimental;
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ์—†๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ•ด๋กญ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฆ๋ช…๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
03:01
but a small proportion may enable the pathogen to better infect a new species.
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์†Œ๋Ÿ‰์ด๋ผ๋„ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ข…์„ ๋” ์ž˜ ๊ฐ์—ผ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ณ‘์›๊ท ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ .
03:07
The odds of winning this destructive genetic lottery increase over time,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ํŒŒ๊ดด์ ์ธ ์œ ์ „์ž๊ฐ€ ์ด๊ธธ ํ™•๋ฅ ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฐˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:12
or if the new species is closely related to the virusโ€™ usual host.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ข…์ด ๊ทธ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ์ข…๋ž˜์˜ ์ˆ™์ฃผ์™€ ๊ธด๋ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ ‘์ด‰ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:17
For a virus adapted to another mammal,
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ํฌ์œ ๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์—ผ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
03:20
infecting a human might just take a few lucky mutations.
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์ธ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฐ์—ผ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๋ฒˆ์˜ ๋ณ€์ด๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:24
And a virus adapted to chimpanzees,
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์นจํŒฌ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์—ผ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ณ€์ด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š” ์—†์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:26
one of our closest genetic relatives, might barely require any changes at all.
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์นจํŒฌ์ง€๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ์œ ์ „์ž๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์กŒ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
03:32
It takes more than time and genetic similarity
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์ˆ™์ฃผ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ด๋™์ด ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”
03:35
for a host jump to be successful.
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์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์œ ์ „์ ์ธ ์œ ์‚ฌ์„ฑ์ด ์ „๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:37
Some viruses come equipped to easily infect a new hostโ€™s cells,
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์–ด๋–ค ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋“ค์€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ˆ™์ฃผ ์„ธํฌ์— ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์นจํˆฌํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ,
03:42
but are then unable to evade an immune response.
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๊ทธ ์ˆ™์ฃผ์˜ ๋ฉด์—ญ ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ”ผํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:45
Others might have a difficult time transmitting to new hosts.
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์–ด๋–ค ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ˆ™์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์ „์—ผ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”๋ฐ ์‹คํŒจํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:49
For example, they might make the hostโ€™s blood contagious,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด, ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ˆ™์ฃผ์˜ ํ˜ˆ์•ก์ด ์ „์—ผ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
03:52
but not their saliva.
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์นจ์ด ์ „์—ผ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋ชปํ•˜์ฃ .
03:54
However, once a host jump reaches the transmission stage,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ํ•œ ์ˆ™์ฃผ์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ˆ™์ฃผ๋กœ ์ „์—ผ์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š” ๋‹จ๊ณ„์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด,
03:58
the virus becomes much more dangerous.
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๋”์šฑ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:01
Now gestating within two hosts,
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๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ˆ™์ฃผ์—์„œ ์ƒ์กด์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด,
04:03
the pathogen has twice the odds of mutating into a more successful virus.
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๊ทธ ๋ณ‘์›๊ท ์€ ๋” ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ธ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋กœ ๋ณ€์ด๋ฅผ ํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋‘ ๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
04:08
And each new host increases the potential for a full-blown epidemic.
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๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์ƒˆ ์ˆ™์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•œ ์ „์—ผ๋ณ‘์ด ๋  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:13
Virologists are constantly looking for mutations
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๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ๋ณ€์ด๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
04:17
that might make viruses such as influenza more likely to jump.
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๋…๊ฐ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณ€์ดํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์€ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:21
However, predicting the next potential epidemic is a major challenge.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ค์Œ์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚  ์ „์—ผ๋ณ‘์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ž€ ๋งค์šฐ ํž˜๋“  ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:26
Thereโ€™s a huge diversity of viruses that weโ€™re only just beginning to uncover.
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด์ œ ๊ฒจ์šฐ ๋ฐํ˜€๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
04:31
Researchers are tirelessly studying the biology of these pathogens.
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ณ‘์›๊ท ์˜ ์ƒ๋ฌผ ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ๋Š์ž„์—†์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:35
And by monitoring populations to quickly identify new outbreaks,
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ „์—ผ๋ณ‘์˜ ์ถœํ˜„์„ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์ถ”์  ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ,
04:39
they can develop vaccines and containment protocols to stop these deadly diseases.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์น˜๋ช…์ ์ธ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์„ ๋ง‰์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฑ์‹ ๊ณผ ์–ต์ œ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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