The left brain vs. right brain myth - Elizabeth Waters

991,538 views ・ 2017-07-24

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: SunWoo Park κ²€ν† : Soo Jin LEE
00:06
Behold the human brain,
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μΈκ°„μ˜ λ‡Œμ˜ λŒ€ν•΄ μ•Œμ•„ λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
00:08
it's lumpy landscape visibly split into a left and right side.
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이것은 μ’Œμš°κ°€ μ‹œκ°μ μœΌλ‘œ κ΅¬λΆ„λ˜λŠ” μšΈν‰λΆˆν‰ν•œ κΈ°κ΄€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:13
This structure has inspired one of the most pervasive ideas about the brain,
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ κ΅¬μ‘°λŠ” λ‡Œμ— λŒ€ν•΄ κ°€μž₯ 널리 퍼진 생각 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ λƒˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:18
that the left side controls logic
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λ°”λ‘œ μ’Œλ‡ŒλŠ” 논리λ₯Ό,
00:20
and the right, creativity.
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μš°λ‡ŒλŠ” μ°½μ˜μ„±μ„ λ‹΄λ‹Ήν•œλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:22
And yet, this is a myth unsupported by scientific evidence.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 이것은 κ³Όν•™μ μœΌλ‘œ μž…μ¦λ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ ν†΅λ…μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:28
So how did this misleading idea come about,
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ˜€ν•΄λŠ” μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ°œμƒν–ˆμœΌλ©°,
00:30
and what does it get wrong?
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잘λͺ» μ•Œκ³  μžˆλŠ” 것은 λ­˜κΉŒμš”?
00:33
It's true that the brain has a right and a left side.
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λ‡Œκ°€ 쒌우둜 λ‚˜λ‰˜μ–΄μ Έ μžˆμŒμ€ μ‚¬μ‹€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:36
This is most apparent with the outer layer, or the cortex.
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이것은 λ°”κΉ₯μΈ΅μ΄λ‚˜ ν”Όμ§ˆμ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ λͺ…λ°±νžˆ λ“œλŸ¬λ‚©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:40
Internal regions, like the striatum,
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λ‚΄λΆ€ μ˜μ—­λ“€, 즉 μ„ μ‘°μ²΄λ‚˜
00:42
hypothalamus,
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μ‹œμƒν•˜λΆ€,
00:43
thalamus,
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μ‹œμƒ,
00:44
and brain stem
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그리고 λ‡Œμ€„κΈ°λŠ”
00:45
appear to be made from continuous tissue,
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μ—°μ†μœΌλ‘œ 이어진 μ„Έν¬μ‘°μ§μ²˜λŸΌ λ³΄μ΄μ§€λ§Œ,
00:48
but in fact, they're also organized with left and right sides.
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사싀은, 그것듀도 λ˜‘κ°™μ΄ μ’Œμš°κ°€ κ΅¬λΆ„λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:53
The left and the right sides of the brain do control different body functions,
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μ’Œλ‡Œμ™€ μš°λ‡ŒλŠ” ν–‰λ™μ΄λ‚˜ μ‹œκ°κ³Ό 같이
00:57
such as movement and sight.
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μ„œλ‘œ λ‹€λ₯Έ 신체 κΈ°λŠ₯을 μ œμ–΄ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:59
The brain's right side controls the motion of the left arm and leg and vice versa.
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μš°λ‡ŒλŠ” μ™ΌνŒ”κ³Ό λ‹€λ¦¬μ˜ μ›€μ§μž„μ„ μ œμ–΄ν•˜κ³ , μ’Œλ‡Œ μ—­μ‹œ λ°˜λŒ€μͺ½μ„ λ‹΄λ‹Ήν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:05
The visual system is even more complex.
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μ‹œκ°μ²΄κ³„λŠ” 훨씬 더 λ³΅μž‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:08
Each eye has a left and right visual field.
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각각의 λˆˆμ€ μ™Όμͺ½κ³Ό 였λ₯Έμͺ½ μ‹œκ° μ˜μ—­μ„ 가지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:12
Both left visual fields are sent to the right side of the brain,
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죄츑 μ‹œκ° μ˜μ—­μ€ μš°λ‡Œλ‘œ μ „μ†‘λ˜κ³ ,
01:16
and both right fields are sent to the left side.
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우츑 μ‹œμ—­μ€ μ’Œλ‡Œλ‘œ 각각 μ „μ†‘λ˜λŠ”λ°, 이렇듯
01:19
So the brain uses both sides to make a complete image of the world.
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λ‡ŒλŠ” μ–‘μͺ½ λͺ¨λ‘ μ΄μš©ν•΄μ„œ μ„ΈμƒλŒ€ λŒ€ν•œ 이미지λ₯Ό μ™„μ„±ν•΄ λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:24
Scientists don't know for sure why we have that crossing over.
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κ³Όν•™μžλ“€μ€ 쒌우 ꡐ차 μΈμ§€μ˜ μ΄μœ μ— λŒ€ν•΄μ„œλŠ” λͺ…ν™•νžˆ μ•Œμ§€ λͺ»ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:29
One theory is it began soon after animals developed more complex nervous systems
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이둠 ν•˜λ‚˜λŠ” κ½€ λ³΅μž‘ν•œ 신경계가 λ™λ¬Όμ—κ²Œ λ°œλ‹¬λœ 직후에 μ‹œμž‘λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€λŠ” 것인데
01:35
because it gave the survival advantage of quicker reflexes.
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μ΄λŠ” 더 μ‹ μ†ν•œ λ°˜μ‚¬μž‘μš©μ΄ 생쑴에 이점을 μ£Όμ—ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:39
If an animal sees a predator coming from its left side,
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λ§Œμ•½ ν¬μ‹μžκ°€ μ™Όμͺ½μ—μ„œ λ‹€κ°€μ˜€λŠ” 것을 λ³Έλ‹€λ©΄,
01:42
it's best off escaping to the right.
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였λ₯Έμͺ½μœΌλ‘œ λ„λ§μΉ˜λŠ” 것이 ν˜„λͺ…ν•˜μ§€μš”.
01:45
So we can say that vision and movement control are two systems
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즉, μ‹œκ°κ³Ό ν–‰λ™μ œμ–΄λŠ” 두 개의 μž₯치둜
01:49
that rely on this left-right structure,
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쒌-우 ꡬ쑰에 μ˜μ‘΄ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:52
but problems arise when we over-extend that idea to logic and creativity.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 이 μ „μ œλ₯Ό 논리와 μ°½μ‘°μ„±μ˜ μ˜μ—­κΉŒμ§€ ν™•μž₯μ‹œμΌœ μ μš©ν•  λ•Œκ°€ λ¬Έμ œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:59
This misconception began in the mid-1800s
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이같은 였λ₯˜λŠ” 1800λ…„λŒ€ μ€‘λ°˜μ— μ‹œμž‘λ˜μ—ˆλŠ”λ°μš”,
02:02
when two neurologists, Broca and Wernicke,
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λ‹Ήμ‹œ 두 λͺ…μ˜ μ‹ κ²½ν•™μž, λΈŒλ‘œμΉ΄μ™€ λ² λ₯΄λ‹ˆμΌ€κ°€
02:05
examined patients who had problems communicating due to injuries.
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λΆ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ 인해 μ–Έμ–΄μ†Œν†΅μ΄ κ³€λž€ν•œ ν™˜μžλ₯Ό μ§„μ°°ν–ˆλŠ”λ°
02:10
The researchers found damage to the patients' left temporal lobes,
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ν™˜μžμ˜ μ™Όμͺ½ 츑두엽 손상이 발견되자
02:15
so they suggested that language is controlled by the left side of the brain.
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μ–Έμ–΄κ°€ μ£„λ‡Œμ— μ˜ν•΄ κ΄€μž₯λœλ‹€κ³  νŒλ‹¨ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:20
That captured the popular imagination.
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그것이 λŒ€μ€‘μ˜ 상상λ ₯을 μ‚¬λ‘œμž‘μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:22
Author Robert Louis Stevenson
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κ·Έ ν›„ μž‘κ°€ λ‘œλ²„νŠΈ 루이슀 μŠ€ν‹°λΈμŠ¨μ΄
02:24
then introduced the idea of a logical left hemisphere
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μ†Œκ°œν•œ κ΄€λ ¨ μ•„μ΄λ””μ–΄λŠ”, 논리적 μ’Œλ°˜κ΅¬μ™€
02:27
competing with an emotional right hemisphere
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μ •μ„œμ μΈ 우반ꡬ의 κ²½μŸμ΄λΌλŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆλŠ”λ°
02:30
represented by his characters Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde.
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지킬 박사와 ν•˜μ΄λ“œλΌλŠ” μΊλ¦­ν„°λ‘œ κ·Έ 이둠을 μ•Œλ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:35
But this idea didn't hold up when doctors and scientists
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이 아이디어에 λ™μ˜ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ μ˜μ‚¬μ™€ κ³Όν•™μžλ“€μ€
02:38
examined patients who were missing a hemisphere
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λ‡Œμ˜ 반μͺ½μ„ μžƒμ€ ν™˜μžμ™€
02:41
or had their two hemispheres separated.
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μ–‘μͺ½ λ‡Œκ°€ λΆ„λ¦¬λœ ν™˜μž μ—°κ΅¬λ‘œ λ°˜λ°•ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:44
These patients showed a complete range of behaviors,
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이 ν™˜μžλ“€μ€ κ°€μ‹œμ μœΌλ‘œ μ™„λ²½ν•œ 행동듀이
02:47
both logical and creative.
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논리와 μ°½μ‘°μ„± 두 μ˜μ—­μ—μ„œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:50
Later research showed that one side of the brain is more active than the other
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후속 연ꡬ가 밝힌 것은 ν•œμͺ½ λ‡Œκ°€ λ‹€λ₯Έ μͺ½λ³΄λ‹€ 더 ν™œλ°œν•˜κ²Œ
02:55
for some functions.
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λͺ‡λͺ‡ κΈ°λŠ₯듀을 μˆ˜ν–‰ν•œλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:57
Language is more localized to the left
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μ–Έμ–΄λŠ” κ΅­μ§€μ μœΌλ‘œ μ£„λ‡Œμ— λ”μš±,
03:00
and attention to the right.
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집쀑λ ₯은 μš°λ‡Œμ— λ”μš± ν™œμ„±ν™” λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:03
So one side of the brain may do more work,
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즉, ν•œ μͺ½ λ‡Œκ°€ 더 λ§Žμ€ 일을 ν•  μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμ§€λ§Œ
03:05
but this varies by system rather than by person.
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κ°œμΈλ³΄λ‹€λŠ” λ‡Œμ²΄κ³„μ— 따라 달리 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:09
There isn't any evidence to suggest
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κ·Έ μ–΄λ–€ 결과도 κ²°κ΅­ 증λͺ…ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•œ 것은
03:11
that individuals have dominant sides of the brain,
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각 κ°œμΈμ—κ²Œ μ–΄λŠ ν•œ μͺ½ λ‡Œκ°€ 더 μš°μ›”ν•˜λ‹€κ±°λ‚˜
03:14
or to support the idea of a left-right split
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μ£„μš° μ˜μ—­μ΄ λ’·λ°›μΉ¨ν•˜λŠ” λΆ„μ•Όκ°€
03:17
between logic and creativity.
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논리와 창쑰둜 각각 λ‹€λ₯΄λ‹€λŠ” μ„€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:20
Some people may be particularly logical or creative,
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μ–΄λ–€ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ νŠΉλ³„νžˆ λ…Όλ¦¬μ μ΄κ±°λ‚˜ 창쑰적일 μˆ˜λŠ” μžˆμ§€λ§Œ
03:23
but that has nothing to do with the sides of their brains.
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쒌우 μ˜μ—­κ³ΌλŠ” μ „ν˜€ 관련이 μ—†λŠ” 일이며
03:27
And even the idea of logic and creativity being at odds with each other
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심지어 논리와 창쑰성이 μƒμΆ©ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 생각도
03:31
doesn't hold up well.
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κ·Όκ±°κ°€ μ—†λŠ” μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:33
Solving complex math problems requires inspired creativity
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λ³΅μž‘ν•œ μˆ˜ν•™ 문제λ₯Ό ν‘ΈλŠ” λ°λŠ” 창쑰성이 μš”κ΅¬λ˜κ³ 
03:37
and many vibrant works of art have intricate logical frameworks.
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μˆ˜λ§Žμ€ κ°•λ ¬ν•œ 예술 μž‘ν’ˆμ—λŠ” λ³΅μž‘ν•œ 논리 체계λ₯Ό 담겨 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:42
Almost every feat of creativity and logic
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μ°½μ˜μ„±κ³Ό 논리가 λ™λ°˜λ˜λŠ” 거의 λͺ¨λ“  ν–‰μœ„λŠ”
03:45
carries the mark of the whole brain functioning as one.
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λ‡Œ 전체가 ν•˜λ‚˜λ‘œμ„œ κΈ°λŠ₯ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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