Who am I? A philosophical inquiry - Amy Adkins

3,732,602 views ・ 2015-08-11

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: JongEok Yang κ²€ν† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:06
Throughout the history of mankind,
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인λ₯˜ 역사 λ™μ•ˆ
00:08
three little words have sent poets to the blank page,
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겨우 μ„Έ 단어 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— μ‹œμΈλ“€μ€ 쒅이λ₯Ό νŽ΄λ†“κ³ 
00:12
philosophers to the Agora,
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μ² ν•™μžλ“€μ„ '아고라'μ—μ„œ
00:14
and seekers to the oracles:
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κ΅¬λ„μžλ“€μ€ 신탁을 μ°Ύμ•„κ°€ 고민을 ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
00:17
"Who am I?"
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"λ‚˜λŠ” λˆ„κ΅¬μΈκ°€?"
00:19
From the ancient Greek aphorism inscribed on the Temple of Apollo,
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μ•„ν΄λ‘œ 신전에 μƒˆκ²¨μ§„ 그리슀의 κ²©μ–Έμ—μ„œ λΆ€ν„°
00:22
"Know thyself,"
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"λ„ˆ μžμ‹ μ„ μ•ŒλΌ"
00:24
to The Who's rock anthem, "Who Are You?"
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둝 κ·Έλ£Ή '더 ν›„'의 λŒ€ν‘œκ³‘ "Who Are You?" κΉŒμ§€
00:27
philosophers, psychologists, academics,
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μ² ν•™μžλ“€, μ‹¬λ¦¬ν•™μžλ“€, ν•™μžλ“€
00:30
scientists, artists, theologians and politicians
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κ³Όν•™μžλ“€, μ˜ˆμˆ κ°€λ“€, μ‹ ν•™μžλ“€, μ •μΉ˜κ°€λ“€
00:34
have all tackled the subject of identity.
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λͺ¨λ‘κ°€ μ •μ²΄μ„±μ΄λž€ 주제λ₯Ό κ³ λ―Όν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
00:38
Their hypotheses are widely varied and lack significant consensus.
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λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μ£Όμž₯듀을 νŽΌμ³€μ§€λ§Œ νŠΉλ³„νžˆ ν•©μΉ˜λœ μ˜κ²¬μ€ μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
00:42
These are smart, creative people,
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λΆ„λͺ… 이듀 λͺ¨λ‘ λ˜‘λ˜‘ν•˜κ³  창쑰적인 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
00:44
so what's so hard about coming up with the right answer?
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κ·ΈλŸ°λ°λ„ μ™œ 이 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ— λŒ€ν•œ 닡을 μ°ΎλŠ” 게 μ–΄λ €μš΄ κ±ΈκΉŒμš”?
00:49
One challenge certainly lies
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μ–΄λ €μš΄ μ΄μœ μ€‘ ν•œ κ°€μ§€λŠ” λΆ„λͺ…
00:51
with the complex concept of the persistence of identity.
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'정체성 지속'μ΄λž€ λ³΅μž‘ν•œ κ°œλ… λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
00:56
Which you is who?
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μ–΄λ–€ λ‚΄κ°€ λ‚˜μΌκΉŒμš”?
00:58
The person you are today?
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였늘의 λ‚˜?
01:00
Five years ago?
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5λ…„ μ „μ˜ λ‚˜?
01:01
Who you'll be in 50 years?
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50λ…„ ν›„μ˜ λ‚˜?
01:03
And when is "am"?
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μ–Έμ œμ˜ λ‚΄κ°€ λ‚˜μΌκΉŒμš”?
01:05
This week?
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이번 주?
01:06
Today?
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였늘?
01:08
This hour?
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이 μ‹œκ°„?
01:09
This second?
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이 μˆœκ°„?
01:10
And which aspect of you is "I"?
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λ‚˜μ˜ μ–΄λ–€ 면이 λ‚˜μΌκΉŒμš”?
01:13
Are you your physical body?
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겉λͺ¨μŠ΅?
01:15
Your thoughts and feelings?
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생각과 감정?
01:16
Your actions?
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행동?
01:18
These murky waters of abstract logic are tricky to navigate,
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이 좔상적인 κ°œλ…μ€ λ„ˆλ¬΄ νλ¦Ών•˜κ³  μ΄ν•΄ν•˜κΈ°κ°€ κΉŒλ‹€λ‘œμ™€μ„œ,
01:22
and so it's probably fitting that to demonstrate the complexity,
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μ•„λ§ˆλ„ κ·Έ λ³΅μž‘μ„±μ€ μ‹œμ—°μ„ 톡해 λ³΄μ—¬μ£ΌλŠ” 것이 λ§žμ„ 것 κ°™μ€λ°μš”,
01:25
the Greek historian Plutarch used the story of a ship.
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그리슀의 역사가 ν”Œλ£¨νƒ€λ₯΄ν¬λŠ” λ°° 이야기에 λΉ—λŒ€μ–΄ μ„€λͺ…ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:31
How are you "I"?
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"μ•ˆλ…•, λ‚΄ μžμ‹ μ•„?"
01:34
As the tale goes, Theseus, the mythical founder King of Athens,
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μ•„ν…Œλ„€λ₯Ό μ°½κ±΄ν•œ μ‹ ν™” μ†μ˜ μ™• ν…Œμ„Έμš°μŠ€λŠ”
01:38
single-handedly slayed the evil Minotaur at Crete,
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ν¬λ ˆνƒ€ μ„¬μ—μ„œ λ―Έλ…Ένƒ€μš°λ‘œμŠ€λ₯Ό μ†μ‰½κ²Œ 물리친 ν›„
01:43
then returned home on a ship.
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λ°°λ₯Ό 타고 κ³ ν–₯으둜 λŒμ•„μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
01:45
To honor this heroic feat,
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μ•„ν…Œλ„€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ 이 업적을 기리기 μœ„ν•˜μ—¬
01:47
for 1000 years Athenians painstakingly maintained his ship in the harbor,
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이 λ°°λ₯Ό μ²œλ…„ λ™μ•ˆμ΄λ‚˜ 항ꡬ에 μ •μ„±μŠ€λŸ½κ²Œ λͺ¨μ…” 놓고
01:54
and annually reenacted his voyage.
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맀년 그의 ν•­ν•΄λ₯Ό μž¬μ—°ν•˜λŠ” 행사λ₯Ό ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
01:58
Whenever a part of the ship was worn or damaged,
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배의 λΆ€ν’ˆλ“€μ΄ ν—€μ§€κ±°λ‚˜ 손상을 μž…μ„ λ•Œλ§ˆλ‹€
02:01
it was replaced with an identical piece of the same material
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κ·Έ 뢀뢄을 λ˜‘κ°™μ€ 재료둜 λ§Œλ“  λ˜‘κ°™μ€ λΆ€ν’ˆμœΌλ‘œ μˆ˜λ¦¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
02:05
until, at some point, no original parts remained.
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μ‹œκ°„μ΄ μ§€λ‚˜μž μ›λž˜ λΆ€ν’ˆλ“€μ€ 더 이상 λ‚¨μ•„μžˆμ§€ μ•Šκ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
02:09
Plutarch noted the Ship of Theseus
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ν”Œλ£¨νƒ€λ₯΄ν¬λŠ” 'ν…Œμ„Έμš°μŠ€μ˜ λ°°' 이야기가
02:11
was an example of the philosophical paradox
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'정체성 지속'μ΄λΌλŠ” 철학적 역섀을
02:14
revolving around the persistence of identity.
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잘 λ³΄μ—¬μ£ΌλŠ” 사둀라고 μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
02:17
How can every single part of something be replaced,
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배의 λͺ¨λ“  뢀뢄듀이 λ‹€ κ΅μ²΄λœλ‹€κ³  해도
02:20
yet it still remains the same thing?
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κ·ΈλŒ€λ‘œ 같은 λ°°μΌκΉŒμš”?
02:24
Let's imagine there are two ships:
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μ—¬κΈ° λ°° 두 척이 μžˆλ‹€κ³  ν•΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:26
the ship that Theseus docked in Athens, Ship A,
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ν…Œμ„Έμš°μŠ€κ°€ μ•„ν…Œλ„€ 항ꡬ에 μ •λ°•μ‹œν‚¨ λ°°λ₯Ό 'A'라고 ν•˜κ³ 
02:29
and the ship sailed by the Athenians 1000 years later, Ship B.
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1000λ…„ 후에 μ•„ν…Œλ„€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ νƒ”λ˜ λ°°λ₯Ό 'B'라고 ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
02:35
Very simply, our question is this: does A equal B?
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질문: A와 BλŠ” κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
02:40
Some would say that for 1000 years there has been only one Ship of Theseus,
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μ–΄λ–€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ 1000λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ ν…Œμ„Έμš°μŠ€μ˜ λ°°λŠ” ν•œ μ²™μ΄μ—ˆκ³ 
02:45
and because the changes made to it happened gradually,
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배의 λΆ€ν’ˆλ“€μ΄ ν•˜λ‚˜μ”© ν•˜λ‚˜μ”© μ μ§„μ μœΌλ‘œ κ΅μ²΄λ˜μ—ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
02:48
it never at any point in time stopped being the legendary ship.
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λ°°λŠ” κ·Έλ™μ•ˆ μ­‰ μ‹ ν™” μ†μ˜ κ·Έ λ°°μ˜€λ‹€κ³  말을 할지도 λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€
02:53
Though they have absolutely no parts in common,
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두 λ°°κ°€ 같은 λΆ€ν’ˆμœΌλ‘œ 이루어져 μžˆμ§€λŠ” μ•Šμ§€λ§Œ
02:56
the two ships are numerically identical, meaning one and the same,
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κ²°κ΅­ μ‹€μž¬λ‘œ μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜λŠ” λ°°λŠ” ν•˜λ‚˜μ΄κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
03:01
so A equals B.
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A와 BλŠ” 같은 배라고 ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
03:03
However, others could argue that Theseus never set foot on Ship B,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μƒκ°ν•˜κΈ°μ—λŠ” ν…Œμ„Έμš°μŠ€κ°€ λ°°λ₯Ό νƒ”λ‹€λŠ” 사싀이
03:08
and his presence on the ship is an essential qualitative property
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ν…Œμ„Έμš°μŠ€μ˜ λ°°λ₯Ό κ°€μΉ˜ 있게 ν•˜λŠ” μ€‘μš”ν•œ 뢀뢄이기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
03:12
of the Ship of Theseus.
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ν…Œμ„Έμš°μŠ€κ°€ 탄적이 μ—†λŠ” BλŠ”
03:14
It cannot survive without him.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ 배라고 말을 할지도 λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€
03:17
So, though the two ships are numerically identical,
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μ‹€μž¬λ‘œ μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜λŠ” λ°°λŠ” ν•˜λ‚˜μ§€λ§Œ
03:20
they are not qualitatively identical.
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κ·Έ λ‘˜μ΄ κ°€μ§€λŠ” μ˜λ―Έκ°€ λ‹€λ₯΄κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
03:23
Thus, A does not equal B.
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A와 BλŠ” 같지 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:26
But what happens when we consider this twist?
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또 λ‹€λ₯Έ 상황을 κ°€μ •ν•΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
03:29
What if, as each piece of the original ship was cast off,
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ν…Œμ„Έμš°μŠ€κ°€ νƒ”λ˜ 배의 λΆ€ν’ˆλ“€μ„ ν•˜λ‚˜μ”© λ‹€ κ΅μ²΄ν–ˆλŠ”λ°
03:33
somebody collected them all, and rebuilt the entire original ship?
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λˆ„κ΅°κ°€ 그것듀을 μ „λΆ€ λͺ¨μ•„μ„œ ν…Œμ„Έμš°μŠ€μ˜ λ°°λ₯Ό λ‹€μ‹œ λ§Œλ“ λ‹€λ©΄?
03:38
When it was finished, undeniably two physical ships would exist:
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λΆ„λͺ… 두 μ²™μ˜ ν…Œμ„Έμš°μŠ€μ˜ λ°°κ°€ μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜κ²Œ 될 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€
03:43
the one that's docked in Athens,
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μ—ν…Œλ„€μ˜ 항ꡬ에 μžˆλŠ” λ°° ν•œ μ²™
03:45
and the one in some guy's backyard.
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그리고 λˆ„κ΅°κ°€μ˜ λ’·λœ°μ— μžˆλŠ” λ°° ν•œ μ²™
03:48
Each could lay claim to the title, "The Ship of Theseus,"
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λ‘˜ λ‹€ μžκΈ°κ°€ "ν…Œμ„Έμš°μŠ€μ˜ λ°°" 라고 μ£Όμž₯할지도 λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€
03:51
but only would could actually be the real thing.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λΆ„λͺ… ν…Œμ„Έμš°μŠ€μ˜ λ°°λŠ” ν•œ μ²™λ§Œ μžˆμ„ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
03:55
So which one is it,
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ μ–΄λ–€ 게 μ§„μ§œμΌκΉŒμš”?
03:56
and more importantly, what does this have to do with you?
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이 이야기가 λ‚˜μ˜ 정체성과 무슨 관련이 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
03:59
Like the Ship of Theseus,
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ν…Œμ„Έμš°μŠ€μ˜ λ°° 이야기 처럼
04:01
you are a collection of constantly changing parts:
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우리의 λͺ¨λ“  것듀도 λˆμž„μ—†μ΄ λ³€ν™”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
04:05
your physical body, mind, emotions, circumstances, and even your quirks,
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신체적인 λΆ€λΆ„, 마음, 감정, ν™˜κ²½, 성격 이 λͺ¨λ“ κ²Œ λ³€ν™”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
04:11
always changing, but still in an amazing and sometimes illogical way,
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λ•Œλ‘œλŠ” λ†€λΌμš΄ λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ λ•Œλ‘œλŠ” μ—‰λš±ν•œ λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ 말이죠
04:16
you stay the same, too.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ·Έλž˜λ„ λ‚˜λŠ” κ·ΈλŒ€λ‘œ λ‚˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
04:19
This is one of the reasons that the question, "Who am I?" is so complex.
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이런 점이 이 질문이 λ³΅μž‘ν•˜κ³  μ–΄λ €μš΄ μ΄μœ μ€‘ ν•˜λ‚˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
04:24
And in order to answer it,
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이 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ— λŒ€λ‹΅ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ”
04:25
like so many great minds before you,
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μœ„μΈλ“€μ΄ 그랬던 κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ
04:28
you must be willing to dive into the bottomless ocean of philosophical paradox.
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철학적 μ—­μ„€μ΄λΌλŠ” κΉŠμ€ 바닀에 풍덩 빠질 각였λ₯Ό ν•΄μ•Όν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
04:33
Or maybe you could just answer,
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μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ 생각 ν•  μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
04:35
"I am a legendary hero sailing a powerful ship on an epic journey."
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"λ‚˜λŠ” 멋진 λ°°λ₯Ό 타고 λͺ¨ν—˜ν•˜λŠ” 전섀적인 μ˜μ›…μ΄λ‹€"
04:40
That could work, too.
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이것도 쒋은 μƒκ°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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