Who am I? A philosophical inquiry - Amy Adkins

Translator: Ulugbek Bek Reviewer: Nazarbek Nazarov

Throughout the history of mankind,

Insoniyat tarixi davomida,

three little words have sent poets to the blank page,

uch kichik so'z shoirlarni "bo'sh sahifa"ga,

philosophers to the Agora,

faylasuflarni esa keng maydon sari,

and seekers to the oracles:

izlanuvchilarni esa bo'shliqqa etaklaydi:

"Who am I?"

"Men o'zi kimman?"

From the ancient Greek aphorism inscribed on the Temple of Apollo,

Apollon Ibodatxonasiga yozilgan qadimgi yunon aforizmdan boshlab,

"Know thyself,"

"O'zingni angla,"

to The Who's rock anthem, "Who Are You?"

"Who" guruhining "Sen kimsan?" qo'shig'i-

philosophers, psychologists, academics,

gacha faylasuflar, psixologlar, mutafakkirlar,

scientists, artists, theologians and politicians

olimlar, rassomlar, dinshunoslar va siyosatchilar

have all tackled the subject of identity.

mavjudlik tushunchasini tushunishga harakat qildi.

Their hypotheses are widely varied and lack significant consensus.

Ular turli farazlarni ilgari surdilar, ammo hech qanday kelishuvga erishmadilar.

These are smart, creative people,

Ushbu savol ustida aqlli odamlar

so what's so hard about coming up with the right answer?

bosh qotirdilar, lekin nega unga javob topish juda qiyin?

One challenge certainly lies

Birinchi qiyinchilik - bu

with the complex concept of the persistence of identity.

tushunchaning murakkab tabiati "Shaxsning doimiyligi."

Which you is who?

O'zingizdagi "Men" aslida "Kim?"

The person you are today?

Bugun siz kimsiz? Yoki

Five years ago?

besh yil oldim kim edingiz?

Who you'll be in 50 years?

Yoki 50 yildan keyin kim bo'lasiz?

And when is "am"?

Va qachon "siz" borsiz?

This week?

Shu haftadami?

Today?

Bugunmi?

This hour?

Shu soatda?

This second?

Shu soniyada?

And which aspect of you is "I"?

Va tanangizni qaysi qismi bulan "Men"siz?

Are you your physical body?

"Siz" - bu tashqi qobig'ingizmi?

Your thoughts and feelings?

Fikrlaringiz va hislaringizmi?

Your actions?

Qilgan ishlaringizmi?

These murky waters of abstract logic are tricky to navigate,

Mavhum mantiqning loyqa suvlarida suzish juda qiyin,

and so it's probably fitting that to demonstrate the complexity,

shu sababli, ehtimol, ushbu masalaning murakkabligini ko'rsatish uchun,

the Greek historian Plutarch used the story of a ship.

qadimgi yunon tarixchisi Plutarx 'kema afsonasi'ni aytib bergan.

How are you "I"?

Xo'sh, qanday qilib siz "men"siz?

As the tale goes, Theseus, the mythical founder King of Athens,

Aytishlariga ko'ra, Tesey afsonaviy Afina qiroli,

single-handedly slayed the evil Minotaur at Crete,

Krit orolidagi yovuz Minotaurni yolg'iz mag'lub etadi

then returned home on a ship.

va kemada uyga qaytib keladi.

To honor this heroic feat,

Bu qahramonlikni abadiylashtirishga,

for 1000 years Athenians painstakingly maintained his ship in the harbor,

ming yil davomida afinaliklar, imkoni boricha, kemani portda ushlab turishga

and annually reenacted his voyage.

harakat qilishdi va har yili ular qahramonning yo'lini bosib o'tardilar.

Whenever a part of the ship was worn or damaged,

Kemaning qismlari eskirsa yoki buzilsa, ularning o'rnini

it was replaced with an identical piece of the same material

aynan bir xil materialdan yasalgan yangi qismlar bilan almashtirishardi.

until, at some point, no original parts remained.

Shunday kunlar keldiki, kemaning biror bir asl qismi qolmadi.

Plutarch noted the Ship of Theseus

Plutarx shuni bildiki, Tesay Kemasi

was an example of the philosophical paradox

falsafiy paradoksning namunasi bo'lib,

revolving around the persistence of identity.

bu shaxs atrofida yuzaga kelayotgan borliq tushunchasidir.

How can every single part of something be replaced,

Qanday qilib butunning har qanday bir qismini

yet it still remains the same thing?

almashtirishda biz bir vaqtning o'zida butunlikni saqlab qolishimiz mumkin?

Let's imagine there are two ships:

Aytaylik, bizda ikkita kema bor:

the ship that Theseus docked in Athens, Ship A,

Tesey Afinaga kirib kelgan kema, - 'A' kema,

and the ship sailed by the Athenians 1000 years later, Ship B.

va ming yildan keyin afinaliklar suzib yurgan kema - 'B' kema bor.

Very simply, our question is this: does A equal B?

Endi biz juda oddiy savol beramiz: A kema B ga o'xshashmi?

Some would say that for 1000 years there has been only one Ship of Theseus,

Kimdir ming yil davomida bitta Teseyning kemasi bor, deb javob beradi va u bilan

and because the changes made to it happened gradually,

bo'lgan barcha o'zgarishlar asta-sekin sodir bo'lganligi sababli,

it never at any point in time stopped being the legendary ship.

afsonaviy kema hech qachon bor bo'lishdan to'xtamagan, deydi.

Though they have absolutely no parts in common,

Garchi ularning umumiy qismlari umuman yo'q bo'lsa-da,

the two ships are numerically identical, meaning one and the same,

ikki kema bir xil - yani u bitta va yagonadir,

so A equals B.

shuning uchun A B ga tengdir. Biroq, boshqalar

However, others could argue that Theseus never set foot on Ship B,

bu ta'kidga rozi bo'lmaydilar, chunki Tesey hech qachon B kemaga oyoq bosmagan,

and his presence on the ship is an essential qualitative property

uning kemada bo'lishi esa zaruriy xususiyatdir

of the Ship of Theseus.

bu Tesey Kemasi.

It cannot survive without him.

Usiz bunday kema mavjud emas.

So, though the two ships are numerically identical,

Garchi, son jixatidan bizning kemalarimiz bir xil bo'lsa-da,

they are not qualitatively identical.

ular mohiyatan bir-biriga o'xshash emas.

Thus, A does not equal B.

Demak, A Bga teng emas. Ammo,

But what happens when we consider this twist?

vaziyatni biroz murakkablashtirsak nima bo'ladi?

What if, as each piece of the original ship was cast off,

Tassavur qiling, kimdur asl kemaning har bir almashtirilgan qismlarini yig'ib,

somebody collected them all, and rebuilt the entire original ship?

asl kemani to'liqligicha qayta tiklasa?

When it was finished, undeniably two physical ships would exist:

Qayta tiklangan kema qurib bitkazilganda, ikkita kema paydo bo'ladi:

the one that's docked in Athens,

biri Afina sohilida,

and the one in some guy's backyard.

ikkinchisi esa kimningdir hovlisida. Va ularning

Each could lay claim to the title, "The Ship of Theseus,"

har biri "Tesey Kemasi" deb nomlanish huquqiga ega.

Ammo ulardan faqat

but only would could actually be the real thing.

bittasi haqiqiydir. Xo'sh, qaysi biri?

So which one is it,

To'g'rirog'i, buni shaxsan

and more importantly, what does this have to do with you?

sizga qanday aloqasi bor? "Tesus Kemasi" kabi, siz doimo

Like the Ship of Theseus,

sodir bo'ladigan o'zgarishlar to'plamisiz:

you are a collection of constantly changing parts:

sizning tanangiz, ongingiz, hislaringiz, hayotiy sharoitlaringiz va hattoki

your physical body, mind, emotions, circumstances, and even your quirks,

g'alati odatlaringiz doimo o'zgarib turadi, ammo hayratlanarlisi shundaki,

always changing, but still in an amazing and sometimes illogical way,

ba'zan esa mantiqqa zid ravishda siz o'zgarishsiz qolmoqdasiz.

you stay the same, too.

Shuning uchun "Men o'zi kimman?" degan savolga

This is one of the reasons that the question, "Who am I?" is so complex.

javob berish juda qiyin. Bunga javob berish uchun, sizga

And in order to answer it,

oldin o'tgan ko'plab buyuk

like so many great minds before you,

mutafakkirlarga o'xshab falsafiy paradoksning tubsiz

you must be willing to dive into the bottomless ocean of philosophical paradox.

okeaniga sho'ng'ish kerak bo'ladi. Lekin, siz oddiy javob berishingiz ham mumkin:

Or maybe you could just answer,

"Men kemada sarguzasht tomon

"I am a legendary hero sailing a powerful ship on an epic journey."

suzayotgan afsonaviy qahramonman." Bu ham ish berishi mumkin.

That could work, too.