3 questions to ask yourself before you believe something - Siska De Baerdemaeker

400,958 views ใƒป 2023-07-25

TED-Ed


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Jiwon Lee ๊ฒ€ํ† : ๊ด€์›… ๋ฌธ
00:07
In the late 1700s, a German doctor named Samuel Hahnemann began publishing
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1700๋…„๋Œ€ ํ›„๋ฐ˜, ๋…์ผ์˜ ์˜์‚ฌ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์—˜ ํ•˜๋„ค๋งŒ์€
00:12
articles about a new treatment approach he called homeopathy.
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๋™์ข…์š”๋ฒ•์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์„ ์ถœํŒํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:17
Hahnemannโ€™s theory had two central hypotheses.
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ํ•˜๋„ค๋งŒ์˜ ์ด๋ก ์—๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ฐ€์„ค์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
00:21
First, the treatment for an ailment should be a dose of something
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์ฒซ์งธ, ๋ณ‘์˜ ์›์ธ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ์ ์€ ์–‘์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด
00:24
that might cause that ailment.
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๊ทธ ๋ณ‘์˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค.
00:27
And second, diluted medicines are more powerful than concentrated ones.
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๋‘˜์งธ, ํฌ์„๋œ ์•ฝ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋†์ถ•๋œ ์•ฝ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•˜๋‹ค.
00:33
So, a homeopathic remedy for insomnia
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ถˆ๋ฉด์ฆ์˜ ๋™์ข…์š”๋ฒ• ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ œ๋กœ
00:36
might include an extremely diluted solution of caffeine.
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์•„์ฃผ ์˜…๊ฒŒ ํฌ์„๋œ ์นดํŽ˜์ธ ์šฉ์•ก์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
00:41
Over the following 300 years,
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์ดํ›„ 300๋…„์ด ๋„˜๋„๋ก
00:43
numerous physicians and patients turned to homeopathy,
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๋งŽ์€ ์˜์‚ฌ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์ด ๋™์ข…์š”๋ฒ•์— ์˜์ง€ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
00:47
and entire hospitals were built to focus on homeopathic treatments.
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๋™์ข…์š”๋ฒ•์—๋งŒ ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณ‘์›์ด ์ƒ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:51
But despite all this, many studies have shown that homeopathy
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์ƒํ™ฉ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ 
00:55
has no therapeutic effect,
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๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์€ ๋™์ข…์š”๋ฒ•์ด ์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์—†์œผ๋ฉฐ
00:57
and homeopathic treatments often perform no better than placebos.
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๋™์ข…์š”๋ฒ• ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ œ์™€ ์œ„์•ฝ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ํฌ์ง€ ์•Š์Œ์„ ๋ฐํ˜€๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:02
So why do so many practitioners and institutions
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์™œ ์ดํ† ๋ก ๋งŽ์€ ์˜์‚ฌ์™€ ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋“ค์ด
01:06
still support this practice?
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์•„์ง๋„ ์ด ์š”๋ฒ•์„ ์ง€์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
01:09
The answer is that homeopathy is a pseudoscienceโ€”
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋™์ข…์š”๋ฒ•์ด ์œ ์‚ฌ๊ณผํ•™์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:12
a collection of theories, methods, and assumptions
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์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์ด๋ก , ์ฒด๊ณ„, ๊ฐ€์„ค์˜ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์ฒด๋กœ์„œ
01:15
that appear scientific, but arenโ€™t.
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๊ณผํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ์‹ค์ œ๋ก  ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ .
01:18
In the worst cases, pseudoscience practitioners encourage this confusion
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์ตœ์•…์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์œ ์‚ฌ๊ณผํ•™์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋Š” ์˜์‚ฌ๋“ค์€
์ด ๋ชจํ˜ธํ•จ์„ ์•…์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:22
to exploit people.
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01:24
But even when theyโ€™re well-intentioned,
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์„ค๋ น ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์„ ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์กŒ๋‹คํ•ด๋„,
01:26
pseudoscience still prevents people from getting the help they need.
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์œ ์‚ฌ๊ณผํ•™์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋„์›€์„ ์–ป์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ์žฅ์• ๋ฌผ์ด์ฃ .
01:30
So how are you supposed to tell whatโ€™s science and whatโ€™s pseudoscience?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ, ๊ณผํ•™๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌ๊ณผํ•™์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
01:35
This question is known as the demarcation problem,
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์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ๊ตฌํš๋ฌธ์ œ๋ผ๊ณ  ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
01:38
and there's no easy answer.
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์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ต์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:40
Part of the issue is that defining science is surprisingly tricky.
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๋ฌธ์ œ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™์„ ์ •์˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ž€ ๋งค์šฐ ํž˜๋“ค๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:44
There's a common idea that all science should, in some form or another,
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณผํ•™์€ ์–ด๋–ค ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ๋“  ๊ฒฝํ—˜์  ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์— ๋ฐ˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œํ—˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ
01:48
be related to testing against empirical evidence.
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์—ฐ๊ด€๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ํ†ต๋…์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:52
But some scientific activities are primarily theoretical,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ณผํ•™์  ํ˜„์ƒ๋“ค ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ์ด๋ก ์ด ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ๊ณ 
01:55
and different disciplines approach empiricism
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ„์•ผ๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ชฉํ‘œ, ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก , ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ
01:58
with varying goals, methodologies, and standards.
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๊ฒฝํ—˜์ฃผ์˜์— ์ ‘๊ทผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:03
20th century philosopher Karl Popper tried to solve the demarcation problem
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20์„ธ๊ธฐ ์ฒ ํ•™์ž ์นผ ํฌํผ๋Š”
๊ตฌํš๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๊ทœ์น™์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:08
with a simple rule.
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02:09
He argued that in order for a theory to be scientific
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๊ทธ๋Š” ํ•œ ์ด๋ก ์ด ๊ณผํ•™์ ์ด๋ ค๋ฉด
02:13
it must be falsifiable, or able to be proven wrong.
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๋ฐ˜์ฆ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:17
This requires a theory to make specific predictionsโ€”
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์ด๋Š” ์ด๋ก ์— ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์˜ˆ์ธก์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜์ฃ .
02:21
for example, if youโ€™re theorizing that the Earth revolves around the Sun,
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๊ทธ ์˜ˆ๋กœ, ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํƒœ์–‘ ์ฃผ์œ„๋ฅผ ๋ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ด๋ก ์„ ์„ธ์šฐ๋ ค๋ฉด
02:25
you should be able to predict the path of other celestial bodies in the night sky.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๋ฐคํ•˜๋Š˜์— ๋œฌ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ฒœ์ฒด์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:30
This could then be disproven based on whether or not
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์ด์ œ ์ด ์ด๋ก ์€ ๊ด€์ธก ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์˜ˆ์ธก๊ณผ ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ
02:33
your prediction corresponds to your observations.
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๋ฐ˜์ฆ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
02:37
Popperโ€™s falsification criterion is a great way
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ํฌํผ์˜ ๋ฐ˜์ฆ ๊ธฐ์ค€์€
02:40
to identify pseudoscientific fields like astrology,
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์•„๋ฌด ๊ด€์ธก์—๋‚˜ ์ ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋„“์€ ์˜ˆ์ธก์„ ํ•˜๋Š”
02:44
which makes overly broad predictions that adapt to any observation.
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์ ์„ฑํ•™ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์œ ์‚ฌ๊ณผํ•™์„ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ๋งค์šฐ ์ข‹์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:48
However, falsification alone doesn't completely solve the demarcation issue.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ฐ˜์ฆ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ตฌํš๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:54
Many things we now consider science were once untestable
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ณผํ•™์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€
์ง€์‹์ด๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๋ถ€์กฑ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒ€์ฆ์ด ์–ด๋ ค์› ๋˜ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
02:58
due to a lack of knowledge or technology.
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03:02
Fortunately, there are other factors we can use to identify pseudoscience,
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๋‹คํ–‰ํžˆ, ํ•ด๋‹น ๋ถ„์•ผ๊ฐ€ ๋น„ํŒ์— ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋“ค๋กœ๋„
03:06
including how a field responds to criticism.
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์œ ์‚ฌ๊ณผํ•™์„ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:10
Scientists should always be open to the possibility
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๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์•ž์„œ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„
03:13
that new observations could change what they previously thought,
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๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ•ญ์ƒ ์—ด๋ ค ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
03:17
and thoroughly disproven theories should be rejected in favor of new explanations.
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์˜ค๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ž…์ฆ๋œ ์ด๋ก ์€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ด๋ก ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ ธ์•ผ ํ•˜์ฃ .
03:23
Conversely, pseudoscientific theories are often continually modified
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๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ์œ ์‚ฌ๊ณผํ•™์€ ์ข…์ข… ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋“ค์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
03:28
to explain away any contradictory results.
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์ด๋ก ์„ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:32
This kind of behavior shows a resistance
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์ด๋Š” ์ฒ ํ•™์ž ํ—ฌ๋ Œ ๋กฑ๊ธฐ๋…ธ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๋Š”
03:34
to what philosopher Helen Longino calls transformative criticism.
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โ€œ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ฌ ๋น„ํŒโ€œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ €ํ•ญํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์ฃ .
03:40
Pseudoscientific fields don't seek to address their internal biases
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์œ ์‚ฌ๊ณผํ•™ ๋ถ„์•ผ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ํŽธํ–ฅ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃฐ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋„
03:44
or meaningfully engage in transparent peer review.
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ํˆฌ๋ช…ํ•œ ๋™๋ฃŒ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์ง€๋„ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:49
Another key marker of science is overall consistency.
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๊ณผํ•™์˜ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ฃผ์š” ํŠน์ง•์€ ์ผ๊ด€์„ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:53
Science relies on a network of shared information
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๊ณผํ•™์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด
๋ถ„์•ผ๋ฅผ ๋„˜๋‚˜๋“ค๋ฉฐ ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œ์ผœ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ณต์œ  ์ •๋ณด ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์— ์˜์กดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:56
that ongoing research develops across disciplines.
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04:00
But pseudoscience often ignores or denies this shared pool of data.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์œ ์‚ฌ๊ณผํ•™์€ ๋ณดํ†ต ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ณต์œ  ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•˜์ฃ .
04:05
For example, creationists claim that animals didnโ€™t evolve
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ฐฝ์กฐ๋ก ์ž๋“ค์€
๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด ๊ณตํ†ต๋œ ์กฐ์ƒ์—์„œ ์ง„ํ™”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ
04:08
from a common ancestor,
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์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ๋‚˜์ด๋Š” 20,000๋…„๋„ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:10
and that Earth is less than 20,000 years old.
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04:13
But these claims contradict huge amounts of evidence
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ฃผ์žฅ๋“ค์€ ์ง€์งˆํ•™, ๊ณ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™, ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™ ๋“ฑ
04:16
across multiple scientific disciplines,
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04:18
including geology, paleontology, and biology.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ณผํ•™ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋“ค์„ ๋ถ€์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:22
While the scientific method is our most reliable tool
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๊ณผํ•™์  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ์„ธ์ƒ์˜
04:25
to analyze empirical evidence from the world around us,
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๊ฒฝํ—˜์  ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ฏฟ์„ ๋งŒํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด์ง€๋งŒ,
04:28
it certainly doesn't reveal everything about the human condition.
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์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒํƒœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐํ˜€์ฃผ์ง„ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:32
Faith-based beliefs can play an important role in our lives and cultural traditions.
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์‹ ์•™์ด ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์ธ ๋ฏฟ์Œ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‚ถ๊ณผ ์ „ํ†ต ๋ฌธํ™”์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
04:36
But the reason itโ€™s so important to draw a line
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์„ ์„ ๊ธ‹๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ •๋ง ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋Š”
04:39
is that people often dress up belief systems as science
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๋งŽ์€ ์ด๋“ค์ด ๋ฏฟ์Œ์„ ๊ณผํ•™์ธ ์ฒ™ ์†์—ฌ์„œ
04:44
in efforts to manipulate others
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์กฐ์ข…ํ•˜๋ ค ํ•˜๊ณ 
04:46
or undermine legitimate scientific discoveries.
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์ •๋‹นํ•œ ๊ณผํ•™์  ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์„ ๊นŽ์•„๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:49
And even in cases where this might seem harmless,
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•ด๋กญ์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋„
04:52
legitimizing pseudoscience can impede genuine scientific progress.
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์œ ์‚ฌ๊ณผํ•™์˜ ์ •๋‹นํ™”๋Š” ์ง„์งœ ๊ณผํ•™์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ๋Šฆ์ถœ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
04:57
In a world where it's increasingly difficult to tell fact from fiction,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค๊ณผ ํ—ˆ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„ํ•ด๋‚ด๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ ์  ํž˜๋“ค์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ์—์„ 
05:01
it's essential to keep your critical thinking skills sharp.
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๋น„ํŒ์  ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์˜ˆ๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ •๋ง ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:06
So the next time you hear an amazing new claim,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ, ์•ž์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋†€๋ž๊ณ  ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ฃผ์žฅ์„ ๋“ฃ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด
05:09
ask yourself:
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์Šค์Šค๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
05:10
could we test this?
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๊ฒ€์ฆ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€?
05:11
Are the individuals behind this theory updating their claims with new findings?
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์ด๋ก ์„ ๋งŒ๋“  ์ด๋“ค์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ฃผ์žฅ์„ ๊ณ ์ณ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง„ ์•Š์€๊ฐ€?
05:16
Is this consistent with our broader scientific understanding of the world?
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์„ธ์ƒ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ณผํ•™ ์ง€์‹๊ณผ ์ถฉ๋Œํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๊ฐ€?
05:20
Because looking scientific and actually being scientific
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๊ณผํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ณผํ•™์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์€
05:24
are two very different things.
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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