Which animal has the best eyesight? - Thomas W. Cronin

879,152 views ・ 2022-01-25

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Gang seojoon κ²€ν† : DK Kim
00:06
The animal kingdom boasts an incredible diversity of eyes.
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λ™λ¬Όμ˜ 왕ꡭ은 눈의 μ—„μ²­λ‚œ 닀양성을 μžλž‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:11
Some rotate independently, while others have squiggly-shaped pupils.
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μ–΄λ–€ 동물은 λˆˆμ„ λ”°λ‘œλ”°λ‘œ 움직이고, 동곡이 κ΅¬λΆˆκ΅¬λΆˆν•œ λˆˆλ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:15
Some have protective lids, others squirt blood.
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λ³΄ν˜Έλ§‰μ„ 가진 동물도 있고, ν”Όλ₯Ό λΏœκΈ°λ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:19
But which creature has the best sight?
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그런데 λˆ„κ΅¬μ˜ μ‹œλ ₯이 μ΅œκ³ μΌκΉŒμš”?
00:21
Which sees best in the darkness?
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밀눈이 κ°€μž₯ 밝은 동물은 λ¬΄μ—‡μΌκΉŒμš”?
00:23
Which sees the most detail?
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μ–΄λ–€ 동물이 κ°€μž₯ μžμ„Ένžˆ λ³ΌκΉŒμš”?
00:25
Which animal sees the most color?
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λˆ„κ°€ κ°€μž₯ λ§Žμ€ 색을 λ³ΌκΉŒμš”?
00:27
And finally, which detects motion the fastest?
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λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ λˆ„κ°€ μ›€μ§μž„μ„ κ°€μž₯ 빨리 ν¬μ°©ν• κΉŒμš”?
00:32
All eyes take in sensory stimuli in the form of waves of light.
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λͺ¨λ“  λˆˆμ€ λΉ› νŒŒλ™μ˜ ν˜•νƒœλ‘œ μžκ·Ήμ„ λ°›μ•„λ“€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:36
To convert these into everything we see,
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이λ₯Ό μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ³΄λŠ” ν˜•νƒœλ‘œ λ°”κΎΈκΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œ
00:39
eyes focus incoming light onto photoreceptors.
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λˆˆμ€ λ“€μ–΄μ˜€λŠ” 빛을 κ΄‘μˆ˜μš©μ²΄μ— λͺ¨μλ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:42
These cells translate light into neural signals
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이 세포듀은 빛을 μ‹ κ²½ μ‹ ν˜Έλ‘œ λ°”κΎΈκ³ 
00:46
and send them to the brain, where they’re finally processed.
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λ‡Œλ‘œ λ³΄λ‚΄μ„œ μ΅œμ’…μ μœΌλ‘œ μ²˜λ¦¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:49
The eyes that see best in darkness are those that capture
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밀눈이 κ°€μž₯ 쒋은 λˆˆμ€
κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ ν•œ κ°€μž₯ λ§Žμ€ 빛을 담을 수 μžˆλŠ” λˆˆμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:53
as much available light as possible.
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00:56
Colossal squids have soccer-ball-sized eyesβ€”
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λŒ€μ™• μ˜€μ§•μ–΄μ˜ λˆˆμ€ μΆ•κ΅¬κ³΅λ§Œν•œλ°
00:59
the largest known in existence.
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μ•Œλ €μ§„ 것 쀑 κ°€μž₯ ν½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:02
These may help them spot the faint glow of sperm whales
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ν–₯μœ κ³ λž˜κ°€ λ‚΄λΏœλŠ” ν¬λ―Έν•œ 빛을 λ°œκ²¬ν•˜λ„λ‘ λ„μ™€μ£ΌλŠ”μ§€λ„ λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:05
as they disturb light-producing organisms.
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κ³ λž˜κ°€ λ°œκ΄‘ 생λͺ…체듀을 μ§€λ‚˜κ°ˆ λ•Œ λ°œμƒν•˜λŠ” λΉ› λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:08
Some fish have eyes that are unique among vertebrates because they use mirrors.
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μ²™μΆ” λ™λ¬Όμ—κ²Œ ν¬κ·€ν•œ 거울 눈이 μžˆλŠ” 물고기도 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:14
For the brownsnout spookfish,
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ν†΅μ•ˆμ–΄λŠ” 각각의 λˆˆμ— μœ„μͺ½μ„ λ³΄λŠ” λ Œμ¦ˆμ™€
01:16
each eye has an upward-facing lens and a downward-pointing mirror
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μ•„λž˜λ‘œ ν–₯ν•œ 거울이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:21
composed of tiny crystal plates that efficiently gather light.
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κ±°μšΈμ€ 빛을 효율적으둜 λͺ¨μœΌλŠ” μ•„μ£Ό μž‘μ€ 유리 μ ‘μ‹œ λͺ¨μ–‘μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:26
They can see up and down simultaneously,
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λ™μ‹œμ— μœ„μ•„λž˜λ₯Ό λ³Ό 수 있으며
01:29
and may perceive distinct shapes, even in the ocean’s depths.
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μ‹¬ν•΄λΌλŠ” 것을 κ°μ•ˆν•΄λ„ νŠΉμ΄ν•œ λͺ¨μ–‘μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:34
Back on solid ground, arctic reindeer have adaptations
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μœ‘μ§€λ‘œ λŒμ•„μ™€μ„œ 뢁극 μ‚¬μŠ΄μ€
μˆ˜κ°œμ›”μ˜ 어둠에 λŒ€λΉ„ν•΄ μ μ‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:38
to deal with months of darkness.
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01:40
The backs of reindeer eyes change color, from gold in summer to blue in winter.
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뢁극 μ‚¬μŠ΄ 눈의 λ’€μͺ½μ€ 여름엔 ν™©κΈˆμƒ‰, κ²¨μšΈμ—λŠ” ν‘Έλ₯Έμƒ‰μœΌλ‘œ λ°”λ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:47
Their blue-backed eyes are about 1,000 times more sensitive to light.
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λ’€μͺ½μ΄ ν‘Έλ₯Έμƒ‰μΈ λˆˆμ€ 빛에 천 λ°° 더 λ―Όκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:52
This may allow reindeer to recognize important things in the snow
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뢁극 μ‚¬μŠ΄μ΄ 눈 μ†μ—μ„œ μ€‘μš”ν•œ 것을 λ°œκ²¬ν•˜κ²Œ ν•΄ μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:56
like urine and lichen.
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μ˜€μ€Œμ΄λ‚˜ 이끼 같은 κ²ƒλ“€μ΄μš”.
01:59
When it comes to the sharpest vision, birds of prey soar above the competition.
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λ‚ μΉ΄λ‘œμš΄ μ‹œλ ₯에 κ΄€ν•œ ν•œ, μ‘°λ₯˜μ— λΉ„ν•  것이 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:05
To capture the most detail, an animal must have lots of photoreceptors in its eye,
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세뢀적인 것을 ν¬μ°©ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ” κ΄‘μˆ˜μš©μ²΄κ°€ 많이 ν•„μš”ν•  뿐 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
02:10
as well as increased visual processing power.
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μ‹œκ° 처리 λŠ₯λ ₯도 λ†’μ•„μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:14
Raptors have an especially deep foveaβ€”
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맹금λ₯˜λŠ” 쀑심와가 특히 κΉŠμ€λ°
02:17
a depression in the back of their eye that fits more photoreceptors.
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μ΄λŠ” 눈 λ’€μͺ½μ˜ 였λͺ©ν•œ 곳으둜 κ΄‘μˆ˜μš©μ²΄λ₯Ό 더 많이 넣을 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:22
So, Peregrine falcons have vision that’s more than twice as sharp as a human’s.
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μ†‘κ³¨λ§€μ˜ μ‹œλ ₯은 인간보닀 두 λ°° 더 μ˜ˆλ¦¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:28
They’re able to zero in on a rabbit from more than three kilometers away.
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3km 이상 떨어진 κ³³μ—μ„œ 토끼λ₯Ό 겨λƒ₯ν•  수 있죠.
02:34
When crowning the creature with the best color vision,
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졜고의 색각을 따지면 κ΅¬λ„λŠ” λ³΅μž‘ν•΄μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:37
the picture gets complicated.
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02:39
Different photoreceptors are sensitive to specific waves of light,
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각각의 κ΄‘μˆ˜μš©μ²΄λŠ” νŠΉμ • λΉ›μ˜ νŒŒλ™μ— λ―Όκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:44
meaning the colors we see are largely determined
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즉, μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μΈμ‹ν•˜λŠ” 색은 λŒ€μ²΄λ‘œ
02:47
by what kinds of photoreceptors we have.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ–΄λ–€ κ΄‘μˆ˜μš©μ²΄λ₯Ό κ°–λŠλƒμ— μ˜ν•΄ κ²°μ •λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:50
Presumably, the more types of color photoreceptors an animal has,
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μ§μž‘κ±΄λŒ€, κ΄‘μˆ˜μš©μ²΄κ°€ 더 λ§Žμ€ λ™λ¬ΌμΌμˆ˜λ‘
02:54
the better its color vision.
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색각이 더 λ°œλ‹¬ν–ˆμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:57
Dogs have just two types.
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κ°œλŠ” 단지 두 가지 μ’…λ₯˜λ§Œ 있고 μ‚¬λžŒμ€ μ„Έ μ’…λ₯˜κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:59
Humans have three.
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03:00
And we are far outdone by some birds, fishes, and insects.
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λͺ‡λͺ‡ μƒˆλ“€, λ¬Όκ³ κΈ°λ“€, 곀좩듀은 이보닀 훨씬 많이 있죠.
03:05
Bluebottle butterflies have at least 15 types of photoreceptors.
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μ²­λ μ œλΉ„λ‚˜λΉ„λŠ” κ΄‘μˆ˜μš©μ²΄κ°€ μ΅œμ†Œ 15가지 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:10
Seven of them are attuned to distinct blues and greens,
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그쀑 일곱 κ°€μ§€λŠ” νŒŒλž€μƒ‰κ³Ό μ΄ˆλ‘μƒ‰μ„ κ΅¬λΆ„ν•˜κ³ ,
03:14
which researchers think might help them track each other during high-speed chases.
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λΉ λ₯Έ μ†λ„λ‘œ μ„œλ‘œλ₯Ό μ«“λŠ” 데 도움을 μ£ΌλŠ” 것 κ°™λ‹€κ³  ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:20
Mantis shrimp have a whopping 16 kinds of photoreceptors,
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ꡬ강λͺ©μ€ λ†€λžκ²Œλ„ κ΄‘μˆ˜μš©μ²΄κ°€ 16가지 μžˆλŠ”λ°,
03:24
with five reserved just for the ultraviolet, or UV, spectrum,
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μžμ™Έμ„ μ„ κ°μ§€ν•˜λŠ” 데에 그쀑 5가지가 μ“°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:28
which humans can’t see.
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ μžμ™Έμ„ μ„ λ³Ό 수 μ—†μ£ .
03:31
But experiments suggest that the mantis shrimp’s ability
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μ‹€ν—˜λ“€μ„ 보면 ꡬ강λͺ©μ˜ 색 ꡬ뢄 λŠ₯λ ₯이
03:34
to discriminate between colors is more limited than you might expect.
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μ˜ˆμƒλ³΄λ‹€ μ œν•œμ μ΄λΌκ³  λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:38
Exactly how they use their complex eyes is a mystery.
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ꡬ강λͺ©μ΄ λ³΅μž‘ν•œ λˆˆμ„ μ •ν™•νžˆ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ“°λŠ”μ§€λŠ” λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:43
Meanwhile, with just four kinds of color photoreceptors,
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λ°˜λ©΄μ—, κ΄‘μˆ˜μš©μ²΄κ°€ 단지 4가지인 κΈˆλΆ•μ–΄λŠ”
03:47
goldfish actually excel at discerning subtle differences in shades.
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그림자 μ•ˆμ˜ λ―Έλ¬˜ν•œ 차이λ₯Ό κ°μ§€ν•˜λŠ” 데 νƒμ›”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:52
Finally, insects have mastered the ability to see the world... on the fly.
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λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ, 곀좩은 λΉ„ν–‰ 쀑에 세상을 λ³΄λŠ” 방법을 μ™„μ„±ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:58
The fastest motion vision requires photoreceptors
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κ°€μž₯ λΉ λ₯Έ λ™κ°μ—λŠ”
04:02
that quickly sense changes in light,
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λΉ›μ˜ λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό λΉ λ₯΄κ²Œ κ°μ§€ν•˜λŠ” κ΄‘μˆ˜μš©μ²΄μ™€
04:04
and a brain that rapidly processes the information.
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κ·Έ 정보λ₯Ό 빨리 μ²˜λ¦¬ν•˜λŠ” λ‡Œκ°€ ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:08
A movie shot at 24 frames per second gives us the perception
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μ΄ˆλ‹Ή 24μž₯면이 μ§€λ‚˜κ°€λŠ” μ˜ν™”λŠ”
λ§€λ„λŸ¬μš΄ μ›€μ§μž„μ„ 보여 μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:13
of near seamless motion.
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04:15
But insects would see a slideshow.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 곀좩은 각 μž₯면을 ν•œ μž₯μ”© λ³Ό κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:18
Fly photoreceptors register changes 10 times faster than we do,
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λΉ„ν–‰ κ΄‘μˆ˜μš©μ²΄λŠ” μš°λ¦¬λ³΄λ‹€ 10λ°° 빨리 λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό μΈμ‹ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
04:23
making them especially hard to catch.
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μž‘κΈ°κ°€ λͺΉμ‹œ μ–΄λ ΅μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:26
These animals have some of the best vision we know of,
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이 동물듀은 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ•„λŠ” 졜고의 μ‹œκ°μ„ 가지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:29
but there's no winner across the board.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 전체적인 μŠΉμžλŠ” μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:32
Each category has different top contenders because vision requires tradeoffs.
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μ‹œκ°μ€ λ°˜λŒ€κΈ‰λΆ€λ₯Ό μš”κ΅¬ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 각각의 λ²”μ£Όμ—μ„œ κ²½μŸμžλ“€μ΄ λ‹€λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:38
So, some eyes are highly specialized,
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μ–΄λ–€ λˆˆμ€ 맀우 νŠΉμˆ˜ν™”λ˜μ–΄ 있고
04:41
while others, like ours, perform decently in many categories.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ λ™λ¬Όμ˜ λˆˆμ€ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ λ²”μ£Όμ—μ„œ μ λ‹Ήν•œ λŠ₯λ ₯을 λ³΄μ—¬μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:46
From eyes the size of soccer balls to those that see in UVβ€”
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μΆ•κ΅¬κ³΅λ§Œν•œ 크기의 λˆˆλΆ€ν„° μžμ™Έμ„ μ„ κ°μ§€ν•˜λŠ” λˆˆκΉŒμ§€
04:50
the ways of looking at the world are as varied as the life forms in it.
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세상을 λ°”λΌλ³΄λŠ” 방식은 생λͺ…μ˜ ν˜•νƒœλ§ŒνΌμ΄λ‚˜ λ‹€μ–‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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