What makes tattoos permanent? - Claudia Aguirre

6,407,644 views ・ 2014-07-10

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: JONGHEE YI κ²€ν† : Gemma Lee
00:06
Tattoos have often been presented
0
6749
1921
문신은 자주 λŒ€μ€‘λ§€μ²΄λ₯Ό 톡해
00:08
in popular media as either marks of the dangerous and deviant
1
8693
4009
μœ„ν—˜ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄λ‚˜ νƒˆμ„ μ˜ μ§•ν‘œ ν˜Ήμ€ μ Šμ€μ΄λ“€μ˜ μœ ν–‰μœΌλ‘œ
00:12
or trendy youth fads.
2
12726
1937
μ†Œκ°œλ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:14
But while tattoo styles come and go,
3
14687
2314
ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ¬Έμ‹ μ˜ μŠ€νƒ€μΌμ΄ λ°”λ€Œκ³ 
00:17
and their meaning has differed greatly across cultures,
4
17025
2718
λ¬Έν™”λ₯Ό 톡해 κ·Έ μ˜λ―Έκ°€ 크게 λ³€ν•΄μ˜¨ λ™μ•ˆ
00:19
the practice is as old as civilization itself.
5
19767
3321
이 μœ ν–‰μ€ 인λ₯˜λ¬Έλͺ… λ§ŒνΌμ΄λ‚˜ 였래 λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:23
Decorative skin markings have been discovered in human remains
6
23868
3497
이 μž₯μ‹μš© ν”ΌλΆ€ 문양은 μ „ 세계 μΈκ°„μ˜ μœ ν•΄μ—μ„œ
00:27
all over the world,
7
27389
1510
λ°œκ²¬λ˜μ—ˆλŠ”λ°
00:28
with the oldest found on a Peruvian mummy dating back to 6,000 BCE.
8
28923
5337
κ°€μž₯ 였래된 것은 기원전 6μ²œλ…„κ²½ νŽ˜λ£¨μ‚¬λžŒμ˜ λ―ΈλΌμ—μ„œ λ°œκ²¬λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 정말 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 문신을 ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ 생각해본 적이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
00:35
But have you ever wondered how tattooing really works?
9
35081
2658
00:38
You may know that we shed our skin,
10
38700
2211
μ‚¬λžŒμ€ μ‹œκ°„λ‹Ή 3만 - 4만개의 ν”ΌλΆ€ 세포λ₯Ό
00:40
losing about 30-40,000 skin cells per hour.
11
40935
3414
μžƒμœΌλ©΄μ„œ ν”ΌλΆ€κ°€ λ–¨μ–΄μ Έ λ‚˜κ°‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:44
That's about 1,000,000 per day.
12
44373
1612
ν•˜λ£¨μ— μ•½ 백만개 μ •λ„λ‚˜ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:47
So, how come the tattoo doesn't gradually flake off along with them?
13
47199
4264
κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 문신은 ν”ΌλΆ€ 세포듀과 같이 λ–¨μ–΄μ Έ λ‚˜κ°€μ§€ μ•Šμ„κΉŒμš”?
00:51
The simple answer is that tattooing involves
14
51487
2751
κ°„λ‹¨νžˆ λ§ν•˜λ©΄ ν”ΌλΆ€ μ™Έν”Όκ°€ λ–¨μ–΄μ Έ λ‚˜κ°€λŠ”κ²ƒ 보닀
00:54
getting pigment deeper into the skin
15
54262
2237
00:56
than the outermost layer that gets shed.
16
56523
2131
문신을 ν• λ•Œ μƒ‰μ†Œκ°€ 더 ν”ΌλΆ€ κΉŠμˆ™μ΄ μŠ€λ©°λ“€κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:59
Throughout history, different cultures
17
59287
2263
μ—­μ‚¬μ μœΌλ‘œ λ‹€λ₯Έ λ¬Έλͺ…듀은 문신을 μœ„ν•΄ λ‹€λ₯Έ 방법듀을 μ΄μš©ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:01
have used various methods to accomplish this.
18
61574
2186
01:03
But the first modern tattooing machine
19
63784
2193
ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 첫번째 ν˜„λŒ€μ  λ¬Έμ‹  κΈ°κ³„λŠ”
01:06
was modeled after Thomas Edison's engraving machine
20
66001
3373
ν† λ¨ΈμŠ€ μ—λ””μŠ¨μ˜ 쑰각기 μ΄ν›„μ—λ‚˜ λ””μžμΈ 됐으며
01:09
and ran on electricity.
21
69398
1216
μ „κΈ°λ‘œ κ΅¬λ™λμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:11
Tattooing machines used today
22
71532
1895
μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  μ‚¬μš©λ˜λŠ” λ¬Έμ‹  κΈ°κ³„λŠ”
01:13
insert tiny needles, loaded with dye, into the skin
23
73451
3852
μ—Όμƒ‰λ£Œκ°€ 묻어 μžˆλŠ” μž‘μ€ λ°”λŠ˜μ„ ν”ΌλΆ€ μ•ˆμœΌλ‘œ
01:17
at a frequency of 50 to 3,000 times per minute.
24
77327
3328
일뢄당 50λ²ˆμ—μ„œ 3천번 정도 μ°”λŸ¬ λ„£μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:20
The needles punch through the epidermis,
25
80679
2668
λ°”λŠ˜μ€ ν”ΌλΆ€ ν‘œν”Όμ— ꡬ멍을 λ‚΄λŠ”λ°
01:23
allowing ink to seep deep into the dermis,
26
83371
3576
μž‰ν¬κ°€ 콜라겐 μ„¬μœ μ§ˆ, μ‹ κ²½, ν”ΌλΆ€ μƒ˜,
01:26
which is composed of collagen fibers, nerves, glands, blood vessels and more.
27
86971
5857
ν˜ˆκ΄€ 그리고 λ§Žμ€ λ‹€λ₯Έ 쑰직이 μžˆλŠ” ν”ΌλΆ€ κΉŠμˆ™μ΄ μŠ€λ©°λ“€κ²Œ ν•΄ μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:33
Every time a needle penetrates, it causes a wound
28
93420
3271
맀번 λ°”λŠ˜μ΄ λ“€μ–΄ 갈 λ•Œλ§ˆλ‹€
01:36
that alerts the body to begin the inflammatory process,
29
96715
3364
λͺΈμ— 염증성 λ°˜μ‘μ„ μœ λ°œν•˜λŠ” μƒμ²˜κ°€ 생길 수 μžˆμ§€λ§Œ
01:40
calling immune system cells to the wound site
30
100103
2734
μƒμ²˜κ°€ λ‚œ ν”ΌλΆ€λ₯Ό μΉ˜λ£Œν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ λ©΄μ—­ 세포가 μƒκΉλ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:42
to begin repairing the skin.
31
102861
1495
01:44
And it is this very process that makes tattoos permanent.
32
104866
3198
그리고 λ°”λ‘œ 이 과정이 문신을 영ꡬ적으둜 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ λ²„λ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:48
First, specialized cells called macrophages
33
108921
2819
λ¨Όμ € λŒ€μ‹ 세포라고 ν•˜λŠ” νŠΉμ • 세포듀이
01:51
eat the invading material in an attempt to clean up the inflammatory mess.
34
111764
5264
μ—Όμ¦μœ λ°œ 성뢄을 μ—†μ• κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ λͺΈμ†μ— λ“€μ–΄μ˜¨ λ¬Όμ§ˆμ„ μž‘μ•„λ¨ΉμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:57
As these cells travel through the lymphatic system,
35
117052
2633
이 세포듀은 림프계λ₯Ό 따라 λŒμ•„λ‹€λ‹ˆλ©΄μ„œ
01:59
some of them are carried back with a belly full of dye into the lymph nodes
36
119709
4278
μΌλΆ€λŠ” 뱃속에 μ—Όλ£Œλ₯Ό 꽉 μ±„μ›Œμ„œ λ¦Όν”„μ ˆλ‘œ λŒμ•„μ˜€λŠ”λ°
02:04
while others remain in the dermis.
37
124011
2939
λ‚˜λ¨Έμ§€λŠ” 피뢀에 κ·ΈλŒ€λ‘œ λ‚¨μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:06
With no way to dispose of the pigment,
38
126974
1903
μƒ‰μ†Œλ₯Ό μ œκ±°ν•˜λŠ” 방법은 μ—†μ§€λ§Œ
02:08
the dyes inside them remain visible through the skin.
39
128901
2829
λŒ€μ‹ μ„Έν¬μ•ˆμ˜ μ—Όμƒ‰λ£ŒλŠ” ν”ΌλΆ€ λ°–μ—μ„œ λ³Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
λ˜ν•œ μž‰ν¬ μž…μžμ˜ μΌλΆ€λŠ” μ € 같은 피뢀망 μ•ˆμ—μ„œ λ– λ‹€λ‹ˆμ§€λ§Œ
02:12
Some of the ink particles are also suspended
40
132245
2477
02:14
in the gel-like matrix of the dermis,
41
134746
2307
02:17
while others are engulfed by dermal cells called fibroblasts.
42
137077
4302
λ‚˜λ¨Έμ§€λŠ” μ„¬μœ μ•„μ„Έν¬λΌκ³  ν•˜λŠ” ν‘œν”Ό μ„Έν¬μ•ˆμ— μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:22
Initially, ink is deposited into the epidermis as well,
43
142053
3560
μ²˜μŒμ— μž‰ν¬λ„ ν”ΌλΆ€ ν‘œν”Όμ— μŠ€λ©°λ“€μ§€λ§Œ
02:25
but as the skin heals, the damaged epidermal cells are shed
44
145637
3753
ν”ΌλΆ€κ°€ μž¬μƒλ˜λ©΄ μ†μƒλœ ν‘œν”Ό μ„Έν¬λŠ” λ–¨μ–΄μ Έ λ‚˜κ°€κ³ 
02:29
and replaced by new, dye-free cells
45
149414
2853
μ—Όλ£Œκ°€ μ—†λŠ” μƒˆ 세포가 μƒκΉλ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:32
with the topmost layer peeling off like a heeling sunburn.
46
152291
3231
햇볕에 탄 ν”ΌλΆ€κ°€ 벗겨지듯이 κ°€μž₯ μœ„μ— μžˆλŠ” ν‘œν”Όκ°€ 벗겨지죠.
02:35
Blistering or crusting is not typically seen with professional tattoos
47
155546
4018
λ¬Όμ§‘μ΄λ‚˜ λ”±μ§€λŠ” 전문적인 λ¬Έμ‹ μ—μ„œλŠ” 일반적으둜 생기지 μ•Šκ³ 
02:39
and complete epidermal regeneration requires 2-4 weeks,
48
159588
4151
ν”ΌλΆ€κ°€ μ™„μ „νžˆ μž¬μƒλ˜λ €λ©΄ 2-4 μ£Όκ°€ ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:43
during which excess sun exposure and swimming
49
163763
2463
κ·Έ κΈ°κ°„λ™μ•ˆ 색이 λ°”λž˜λŠ” 것을 λ§‰μœΌλ €λ©΄ 햇볕 λ…ΈμΆœμ΄λ‚˜ μˆ˜μ˜μ€ ν”Όν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:46
should be avoided to prevent fading.
50
166250
1979
ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ ν‘œν”Όμ„Έν¬λŠ” μ†Œλ©Έλ  λ•ŒκΉŒμ§€λŠ” κ·Έ μžλ¦¬μ— κ·ΈλŒ€λ‘œ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:49
Dermal cells, however, remain in place until they die.
51
169086
3455
02:52
When they do, they are taken up, ink and all, by younger cells nearby,
52
172565
4741
μ†Œλ©Έλ  λ•Œ ν‘œν”Όμ„Έν¬μ™€ μž‰ν¬λŠ” κ°€κΉŒμ΄ μžˆλŠ” μ–΄λ¦° 세포가 차지해버리고
02:57
so the ink stays where it is.
53
177330
1900
κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μž‰ν¬κ°€ κ·Έ μžλ¦¬μ— κ·ΈλŒ€λ‘œ 남아 μžˆμ„ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:59
But with time, tattoos do fade naturally
54
179254
2583
ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ‹œκ°„μ— 따라 λͺΈμ΄ λ‹€λ₯Έ μƒ‰μ†Œμ— λ°˜μ‘ν•˜λ“― 문신은 μžμ—°μŠ€λŸ½κ²Œ 희미해지고
03:01
as the body reacts to the alien pigment particles,
55
181861
3331
03:05
slowly breaking them down to be carried off
56
185216
2274
λ©΄μ—­ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ˜ λŒ€μ‹μ„Έν¬μ— μ˜ν•΄ μ†Œλ©Έλ˜λ©΄μ„œ 천천히 사라져 λ²„λ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:07
by the immune system's macrophages.
57
187514
2044
μžμ™Έμ„ λ„ 이 μƒ‰μ†Œμ˜ μ†Œλ©Έμ— ν•œλͺ« ν•˜λŠ”λ°
03:10
Ultraviolet radiation can also contribute to this pigment breakdown,
58
190203
3905
03:14
though it can be mitigated by the use of sunblock.
59
194132
2480
μžμ™Έμ„  μ°¨λ‹¨μ œλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λ©΄ 속도λ₯Ό 늦좜 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ ν‘œν”Ό 세포가 μƒλŒ€μ μœΌλ‘œ κ°•ν•˜λ©΄
03:17
But since the dermal cells are relatively stable,
60
197041
2556
03:19
much of the ink will remain deep in the skin for a person's whole life.
61
199621
3809
λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ μž‰ν¬λŠ” 영ꡬ히 ν”ΌλΆ€ κΉŠμˆ™μ΄ λ‚¨μ•„μžˆκ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 문신이 피뢀에 평생 λ‚¨λŠ”λ‹€λ©΄ κ·Έκ±Έ μ§€μš°λŠ” 방법은 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
03:24
But if tattoos are embedded in your skin for life, is there any way to erase them?
62
204131
4739
03:28
Technically, yes.
63
208894
1117
κΈ°μˆ μ μœΌλ‘œλŠ” κ·Έλ ‡μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:30
Today, a laser is used to penetrate the epidermis
64
210366
3443
μš”μ¦˜μ€ 피뢀에 ꡬ멍을 λ‚΄κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ λ ˆμ΄μ €κ°€ μ‚¬μš©λ˜κ³ 
03:33
and blast apart underlying pigment colors of various wavelengths,
65
213833
4121
μ—¬λŸ¬ 가지 파μž₯의 μ—Όλ£Œ 색깔을 κ°•νƒ€ν•˜λ©°
03:37
black being the easiest to target.
66
217978
2076
검은색이 κ°€μž₯ μ œκ±°ν•˜κΈ° μ‰¬μš΄ μƒ‰μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:40
The laser beam breaks the ink globules into smaller particles
67
220715
3394
λ ˆμ΄μ € 광선은 μž‰ν¬ λ°©μšΈμ„ μž‘μ€ μž…μžλ‘œ κΉ¨νŠΈλ¦¬λŠ”λ°
03:44
that can then be cleared away by the macrophages.
68
224133
2810
λŒ€μ‹ 세포가 깨진 μž…μžλ₯Ό μ²˜λ¦¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ–΄λ–€ μƒ‰κΉ”μ˜ μž‰ν¬λŠ” λ‹€λ₯Έ 색보닀 μ œκ±°ν•˜κΈ°κ°€ μ–΄λ ΅κ³ 
03:47
But some color inks are harder to remove than others,
69
227329
3309
03:50
and there could be complications.
70
230662
1832
μ•„μ£Ό λ³΅μž‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:52
For this reason, removing a tattoo is still more difficult than getting one,
71
232518
4138
이런 이유둜 문신을 μ œκ±°ν•˜λŠ” 것은 문신을 ν•˜λŠ” 것보닀 μ—¬μ „νžˆ 더 μ–΄λ ΅μ§€λ§Œ
03:56
but not impossible.
72
236680
1225
λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯ν•œ 것은 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:58
So a single tattoo may not truly last forever,
73
238175
3192
ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ 문신은 μ˜μ›νžˆ 가지 μ•Šμ§€λ§Œ
04:01
but tattoos have been around longer than any existing culture.
74
241391
3274
문신듀은 μ–΄λŠ ν˜„μ‘΄ν•˜λŠ” 문화보닀도 더 였래 μ‘΄μž¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:04
And their continuing popularity means that the art of tattooing is here to stay.
75
244975
4372
λ¬Έμ‹ μ˜ λŠμž„μ—†λŠ” μΈκΈ°λŠ” μ˜ˆμˆ λ‘œμ„œμ˜ 문신을 μ˜μ›ν•˜κ²Œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7