What makes muscles grow? - Jeffrey Siegel

21,053,029 views ・ 2015-11-03

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Gwajeong Jeong κ²€ν† : μœ μ§„ κΉ€
00:06
Muscles.
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근윑.
00:08
We have over 600 of them.
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우리 λͺΈμ—λŠ” 600κ°œκ°€ λ„˜λŠ” 근윑이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:10
They make up between 1/3 and 1/2 of our body weight,
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λͺΈλ¬΄κ²Œμ˜ 1/3μ—μ„œ 1/2κ°€λŸ‰μ„ μ°¨μ§€ν•˜κ³ 
00:14
and along with connective tissue,
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결합쑰직과 λ”λΆˆμ–΄
00:16
they bind us together, hold us up, and help us move.
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λͺΈμ„ κ²°μ†μ‹œν‚€κ³  μ§€νƒ±ν•˜λ©° μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 움직일 수 있게 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:20
And whether or not body building is your hobby,
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근윑 μš΄λ™μ΄ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ μ·¨λ―Έκ°€ μ•„λ‹ˆλ”λΌλ„
00:22
muscles need your constant attention
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κ·Όμœ‘μ€ κΎΈμ€€ν•œ 관리가 ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:25
because the way you treat them on a daily basis
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μΌμƒμ—μ„œ κ·Όμœ‘μ„ λ‹€λ£¨λŠ” 방식에 따라
00:27
determines whether they will wither or grow.
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근윑이 μ€„μ–΄λ“œλŠλƒ λŠ˜μ–΄λ‚˜λŠλƒκ°€ κ²°μ •λ˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
00:31
Say you're standing in front of a door, ready to pull it open.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ λ¬Έ μ•žμ— μ„œμ„œ 문을 μ—΄ μ€€λΉ„λ₯Ό ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€κ³  생각해 λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
00:34
Your brain and muscles are perfectly poised to help you achieve this goal.
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λ‡Œμ™€ κ·Όμœ‘μ€ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ 문을 μ—΄ 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ μ™„λ²½ν•œ μ€€λΉ„λ₯Ό ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:39
First, your brain sends a signal to motor neurons inside your arm.
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일단 λ‡ŒλŠ” νŒ”μ— μžˆλŠ” μš΄λ™λ‰΄λŸ°μ— μ‹ ν˜Έλ₯Ό λ³΄λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:43
When they receive this message, they fire,
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이 μ‹ ν˜Έλ₯Ό 받은 λ‰΄λŸ°μ΄ ν™œλ™μ„ μ‹œμž‘ν•˜μ—¬
00:45
causing muscles to contract and relax,
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κ·Όμœ‘μ„ μˆ˜μΆ•ν•˜κ³  μ΄μ™„μ‹œν‚€λ©΄
00:49
which pull on the bones in your arm and generate the needed movement.
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νŒ”μ˜ λΌˆλ“€μ„ μž‘μ•„λ‹Ήκ²¨ ν•„μš”ν•œ μ›€μ§μž„μ„ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:53
The bigger the challenge becomes, the bigger the brain's signal grows,
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이것이 컀질수둝 λ‡Œμ˜ μ‹ ν˜ΈλŠ” λ”μš± 강해지고
00:57
and the more motor units it rallies to help you achieve your task.
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μž„λ¬΄λ₯Ό μ™„μˆ˜ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œ 더 λ§Žμ€ μš΄λ™λ‰΄λŸ°μ΄ λͺ¨μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:01
But what if the door is made of solid iron?
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그런데 κ·Έ 문이 λ‹¨λ‹¨ν•œ 철으둜 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ Έ μžˆλ‹€λ©΄ μ–΄λ–¨κΉŒμš”?
01:04
At this point, your arm muscles alone
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이 λ•ŒλŠ” νŒ”μ˜ κ·Όμœ‘λ§ŒμœΌλ‘œλŠ”
01:06
won't be able to generate enough tension to pull it open,
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문을 μ—΄ 수 μžˆλŠ” μΆ©λΆ„ν•œ νž˜μ„ λ‚Ό μˆ˜κ°€ μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:10
so your brain appeals to other muscles for help.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ λ‡ŒλŠ” λ‹€λ₯Έ κ·Όμœ‘λ“€μ—κ²Œ 도움을 μš”μ²­ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:13
You plant your feet, tighten your belly, and tense your back,
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λ°œμ„ λ‹¨λ‹¨νžˆ λ”›κ³ , 배에 νž˜μ„ μ£Όκ³ , λ“±κ·Όμœ‘μ„ κΈ΄μž₯μ‹œμΌœ
01:17
generating enough force to yank it open.
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문을 μž‘μ•„λ‹Ήκ²¨ μ—΄λ§Œν•œ νž˜μ„ λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:20
Your nervous system has just leveraged the resources you already have,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ μ‹ κ²½κ³„λŠ” 방금 μš”μ²­μ— μ‘ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œ
01:24
other muscles,
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이미 가지고 있던 μžμ›μΈ λ‹€λ₯Έ κ·Όμœ‘μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:26
to meet the demand.
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01:27
While all this is happening,
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이런 일듀이 μΌμ–΄λ‚˜λŠ” λ™μ•ˆ
01:28
your muscle fibers undergo another kind of cellular change.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ κ·Όμ„¬μœ λŠ” 또 λ‹€λ₯Έ 세포 λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό κ²ͺ게 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:32
As you expose them to stress, they experience microscopic damage,
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κ·Όμœ‘μ„ μžκ·Ήμ— λ…ΈμΆœμ‹œν‚€κ²Œ 되면 λ―Έμ„Έν•œ 손상을 μž…κ²Œ λ˜λŠ”λ°
01:37
which, in this context, is a good thing.
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이 κ²½μš°μ—λŠ” 이것은 쒋은 μΌμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:40
In response, the injured cells release inflammatory molecules called cytokines
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이에 λ°˜μ‘ν•˜μ—¬ 손상을 μž…μ€ μ„Έν¬λŠ” μ‚¬μ΄ν† μΉ΄μΈμ΄λΌλŠ” 염증 λ¬Όμ§ˆμ„ λ°©μΆœν•˜μ—¬
01:45
that activate the immune system to repair the injury.
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면역체계가 손상을 μΉ˜λ£Œν•˜λ„λ‘ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:50
This is when the muscle-building magic happens.
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λ°”λ‘œ μ΄λ•Œ 근윑이 μ»€μ§€λŠ” λ§ˆλ²•μ΄ μΌμ–΄λ‚©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:53
The greater the damage to the muscle tissue,
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κ·Όμœ‘μ‘°μ§μ— μƒμ²˜κ°€ 클 수둝
01:55
the more your body will need to repair itself.
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μ‹ μ²΄λŠ” 슀슀둜 νšŒλ³΅ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:59
The resulting cycle of damage and repair
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μƒμ²˜λ₯Ό μž…κ³  νšŒλ³΅μ„ ν•˜λŠ” κ³Όμ •μ˜ λ°˜λ³΅μ—μ„œ
02:01
eventually makes muscles bigger and stronger
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κΎΈμ€€νžˆ 더 큰 μƒμ²˜μ— μ μ‘ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ
02:04
as they adapt to progressively greater demands.
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κ·Όμœ‘μ€ 더 크고 κ°•ν•΄μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:08
Since our bodies have already adapted to most everyday activities,
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우리 λͺΈμ€ 이미 일상적인 ν™œλ™μ— 적응이 λ˜μ–΄μ„œ
02:11
those generally don't produce enough stress
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κ·Έκ²ƒλ“€λ‘œλŠ” μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 근윑이 자라게 ν•  μ •λ„μ˜
02:14
to stimulate new muscle growth.
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μžκ·Ήμ€ μΌμœΌν‚€μ§€ λͺ»ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:17
So, to build new muscle, a process called hypertrophy,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 근윑이 μžλΌλŠ” 'λΉ„λŒ€'λΌλŠ” 과정을 κ²ͺκΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ”
02:20
our cells need to be exposed to higher workloads than they are used to.
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세포가 ν‰μ†Œλ³΄λ‹€ 더 λ§Žμ€ μ—…λ¬΄λŸ‰μ— λ…ΈμΆœλ˜μ–΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:25
In fact, if you don't continuously expose your muscles to some resistance,
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사싀 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ κ·Όμœ‘μ„ μ–΄λŠ μ •λ„μ˜ 저항에 κΎΈμ€€νžˆ λ…ΈμΆœμ‹œν‚€μ§€ μ•ŠμœΌλ©΄
02:29
they will shrink,
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κ·Όμœ‘μ€ μ€„μ–΄λ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:31
a process known as muscular atrophy.
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이것을 'κ·Όμœ„μΆ•'이라고 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:34
In contrast, exposing the muscle to a high-degree of tension,
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λ°˜λŒ€λ‘œ κ·Όμœ‘μ„ 높은 μˆ˜μ€€μ˜ κΈ΄μž₯에 λ…ΈμΆœμ‹œν‚€λ©΄
02:37
especially while the muscle is lengthening,
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νŠΉνžˆλ‚˜ 근윑이 λŠ˜μ–΄μ‘Œμ„ λ•Œ λ…ΈμΆœμ‹œν‚¨λ‹€λ©΄
02:40
also called an eccentric contraction,
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이λ₯Ό 'μ‹ μž₯μ„± κ·Όμˆ˜μΆ•'이라 ν•˜λŠ”λ°
02:42
generates effective conditions for new growth.
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μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 근윑이 μƒμ„±λ˜λŠ”λ° 효과적인 ν™˜κ²½μ„ λ§Œλ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:46
However, muscles rely on more than just activity to grow.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 근윑이 μžλΌλŠ”λ° 단지 ν™œλ™λ§Œμ΄ ν•„μš”ν•œ 것은 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:50
Without proper nutrition, hormones, and rest,
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μ μ ˆν•œ μ˜μ–‘λΆ„κ³Ό 호λ₯΄λͺ¬ λ˜λŠ” νœ΄μ‹ μ—†μ΄λŠ”
02:53
your body would never be able to repair damaged muscle fibers.
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μ‹ μ²΄λŠ” μ†μƒλœ κ·Όμ„¬μœ λ₯Ό 볡ꡬ할 μˆ˜κ°€ μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:56
Protein in our diet preserves muscle mass
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우리 식단 속 λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆμ€ κ·Όμœ‘λŸ‰μ„ κ΄€λ¦¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:59
by providing the building blocks for new tissue
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μ•„λ―Έλ…Έμ‚°μ˜ ν˜•νƒœλ‘œ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 쑰직을 μœ„ν•œ
03:02
in the form of amino acids.
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κ΅¬μ„±μš”μ†Œλ₯Ό μ œκ³΅ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:04
Adequate protein intake, along with naturally occurring hormones,
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μ μ ˆν•œ λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆ μ„­μ·¨λŠ” μžμ—°λ°œμƒ 호λ₯΄λͺ¬μΈ
03:08
like insulin-like growth factor and testosterone,
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인슐린 μœ μ‚¬ μ„±μž₯ μΈμžμ™€ ν…ŒμŠ€ν† μŠ€ν…Œλ‘ κ³Ό ν•¨κ»˜
03:11
help shift the body into a state where tissue is repaired and grown.
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쑰직이 νšŒλ³΅ν•˜κ³  μ„±μž₯ν•˜λŠ” 곳에 도움을 μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:16
This vital repair process mainly occurs when we're resting,
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이런 μ€‘μš”ν•œ 회볡 과정은 주둜 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ νœ΄μ‹μ„ μ·¨ν•  λ•Œ μΌμ–΄λ‚©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:19
especially at night while sleeping.
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νŠΉνžˆλ‚˜ 밀에 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μž λ“€μ—ˆμ„ λ•Œ κ·Έλ ‡μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:22
Gender and age affect this repair mechanism,
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성별과 λ‚˜μ΄λ„ 이 회볡 단계에 영ν–₯을 λΌμΉ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:25
which is why young men with more testosterone
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더 λ§Žμ€ ν…ŒμŠ€ν† μŠ€ν…Œλ‘ μ„ 가진 μ Šμ€ 남성이
03:27
have a leg up in the muscle building game.
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근윑 ν‚€μš°κΈ°μ—μ„œ 남보닀 λ”μš± λΉ λ₯Έμ΄μœ κΈ°λ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:30
Genetic factors also play a role in one's ability to grow muscle.
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μœ μ „μ μΈ μš”μ†Œλ„ κ·Όμœ‘μ„ μ„±μž₯μ‹œν‚€λŠ” λŠ₯λ ₯μ—μ„œ μ€‘μš”ν•œ 역할을 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:34
Some people have more robust immune reactions to muscle damage,
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근윑 손상에 λ”μš± ν™œλ°œν•œ λ©΄μ—­ λ°˜μ‘μ„ λ³΄μ΄λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€
03:38
and are better able to repair and replace damaged muscle fibers,
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μ†μƒλœ κ·Όμ„¬μœ λ₯Ό μΉ˜λ£Œν•˜κ³  κ΅μ²΄ν•˜λŠ”λ° λ”μš± μœ λ¦¬ν•΄μ„œ
03:42
increasing their muscle-building potential.
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κ·Όμœ‘μ„ ν‚€μš°λŠ” 잠재λ ₯이 더 λ†’μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:44
The body responds to the demands you place on it.
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μ‹ μ²΄λŠ” μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μ›ν•˜λŠ” 것에 μ μ ˆν•œ λ°˜μ‘μ„ λ³΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:47
If you tear your muscles up, eat right, rest and repeat,
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근윑이 μ°’μ–΄μ§€κ³ λ‚œ ν›„ 잘 λ¨Ήκ³  νœ΄μ‹ν•˜λŠ” 것을 λ°˜λ³΅ν•˜λ©΄
03:52
you'll create the conditions to make your muscles as big and strong as possible.
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κ°€λŠ₯ν•œν•œ 크고 κ°•ν•œ κ·Όμœ‘μ„ λ§Œλ“€ 수 μžˆλŠ” ν™˜κ²½μ΄ 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:57
It is with muscles as it is with life:
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삢이 κ·Έλ ‡λ“― 근윑 λ˜ν•œ κ·Έλ ‡μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:59
Meaningful growth requires challenge and stress.
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μ€‘μš”ν•œ μ„±μž₯μ—λŠ” 도전과 압박이 ν•„μš”ν•œ λ²•μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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