What makes the Great Wall of China so extraordinary - Megan Campisi and Pen-Pen Chen

6,642,374 views

2015-09-17 ・ TED-Ed


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What makes the Great Wall of China so extraordinary - Megan Campisi and Pen-Pen Chen

6,642,374 views ・ 2015-09-17

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Seoyun Choi κ²€ν† : Seon-Gyu Choi
00:06
A 13,000 mile dragon of earth and stone
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흙과 λͺ¨λž˜μ˜ 13,000마일 길이의 용이
00:09
winds its way through the countryside of China
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κ·Έκ²ƒμ˜ κ΅¬μ‘°λ§ŒνΌμ΄λ‚˜ κΈΈκ³  κ΅¬λΆˆκ΅¬λΆˆν•œ 역사와 ν•¨κ»˜
00:12
with a history almost as long and serpentine as the structure.
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쀑ꡭ μ‹œκ³¨λ₯Ό 톡해 ν˜λŸ¬κ°‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:16
The Great Wall began as multiple walls of rammed earth
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만리μž₯성은 μΆ˜μΆ”μ‹œλŒ€μ— 각각의 봉건 ꡭ가에 μ˜ν•˜μ—¬ μ§€μ–΄μ‘ŒμœΌλ©°
00:19
built by individual feudal states during the Chunqiu period
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뢁뢀 쀑ꡭ과 κ°μ§€μ˜ 유λͺ© μΉ¨μž…μžμ— λŒ€ν•­ν•˜μ—¬ 지킀기 μœ„ν•΄
00:23
to protect against nomadic raiders north of China and each other.
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λ‹€μˆ˜μ˜ ꡳ힌 ν™μœΌλ‘œ 성벽을 λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:27
When Emperor Qin Shi Huang unified the states in 221 BCE,
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μ§„μ‹œν™©μ œκ°€ 기원전 221년에 κ΅­κ°€λ₯Ό ν†΅ν•©ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ
00:32
the Tibetan Plateau and Pacific Ocean became natural barriers,
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ν‹°λ² νŠΈκ³ μ›κ³Ό νƒœν‰μ–‘μ΄ μžμ—°μ μœΌλ‘œ 경계가 λ˜μ—ˆμ§€λ§Œ
00:36
but the mountains in the north remained vulnerable
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뢁뢀에 μžˆλŠ” 산듀이
00:38
to Mongol, Turkish, and Xiongnu invasions.
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λͺ½κ³¨, ν„°ν‚€ 그리고 흉노쑱 μΉ¨μž…μ— μ·¨μ•½ν•œ μƒνƒœλ‘œ λ‚¨μ•„μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:42
To defend against them,
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그듀에 λŒ€ν•­ν•˜μ—¬ λ°©μ–΄ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄
00:44
the Emperor expanded the small walls built by his predecessors,
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ν™©μ œλŠ” κ·Έλ“€μ˜ μ „μž„μžλ“€μ— μ˜ν•΄ 지어진 μž‘μ€ 성벽듀을 ν™•μž₯μ‹œμΌ°κ³ 
00:47
connecting some and fortifying others.
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λͺ‡λͺ‡μ„ μ—°κ²°ν•˜κ³ , μš”μƒˆν™”ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:50
As the structures grew from Lintao in the west
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건좕물이 μ„œμͺ½μ˜ λ¦°νƒ€μ˜€λΆ€ν„°
00:53
to Liaodong in the east,
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동μͺ½μ˜ 랴였λ‘₯κΉŒμ§€ μ§€μ–΄μ§€μž
00:55
they collectively became known as The Long Wall.
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그듀은 μ΄κ΄„μ μœΌλ‘œ 'μž₯μ„±'으둜 λΆˆλ €μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:59
To accomplish this task,
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이 일을 μ„±μ·¨ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•˜μ—¬,
01:00
the Emperor enlisted soldiers and commoners,
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ν™©μ œλŠ” ꡰ인듀과 평민듀을 μ§•μ§‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:03
not always voluntarily.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 항상 μžλ°œμ μœΌλ‘œλŠ” μ•„λ‹ˆμ—ˆμ£ .
01:05
Of the hundreds of thousands of builders recorded during the Qin Dynasty,
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μ§„μ‹œ μ™•μ‘°μ‹œκΈ°λ™μ•ˆ 기둝된 수천λͺ…μ˜ 건좕가 쀑 수백λͺ…은
01:10
many were forcibly conscripted peasants
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κ°•μ œμ μœΌλ‘œ μ§•μ§‘λœ μ†Œμž‘λ†λ“€μ΄μ—ˆκ³ 
01:12
and others were criminals serving out sentences.
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λ‹€λ₯Έμ΄λ“€μ€ λ³΅μ—­ν•œ μ£„μˆ˜λ“€μ΄μ—ˆμ£ .
01:15
Under the Han Dynasty, the wall grew longer still,
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ν•œ μ™•μ‘°λ™μ•ˆ, 성벽은 더 길게 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ‘ŒμœΌλ©°
01:18
reaching 3700 miles,
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3700λ§ˆμΌκΉŒμ§€ 이λ₯΄λ €μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:21
and spanning from Dunhuang to the Bohai Sea.
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λ‘”ν™©μ—μ„œ λ³΄ν•˜μ΄ ν•΄κΉŒμ§€μ˜€μ£ .
01:25
Forced labor continued under the Han Emperor Han-Wudi ,
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κ°•μš”λœ λ…Έλ™μžλ“€μ€ ν•œ ν™©μ œ λ¬΄μ œμ•„λž˜μ—μ„œ 계속 μ§„ν–‰ν–ˆκ³ ,
01:28
and the walls reputation grew into a notorious place of suffering.
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κ·Έ μ„±λ²½μ˜ λͺ…성은 μ•…λͺ…높은 κ³ ν†΅μ˜ μž₯μ†Œλ‘œ μžλΌλ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:33
Poems and legends of the time told of laborers buried
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κ·Έ λ‹Ήμ‹œμ˜ μ‹œμ™€ 전섀은 μ£Όμœ„μ˜ 큰 λ¬΄λ€μ΄λ‚˜
01:36
in nearby mass graves,
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심지어 κ·Έ 성벽에 묻힌
01:38
or even within the wall itself.
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λ…Έλ™μžμ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ–˜κΈ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:40
And while no human remains have been found inside,
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그리고 μ•ˆμ—μ„œ 인간이 λ°œκ²¬λ˜μ§€λŠ” μ•Šμ•˜μ§€λ§Œ
01:43
grave pits do indicate that many workers died
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무덀 ꡬ덩이듀은 λ§Žμ€ λ…Έλ™μžλ“€μ΄
01:45
from accidents, hunger and exhaustion.
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사고, κ΅Άμ£Όλ¦Ό, νƒˆμ§„μœΌλ‘œ μ£½μ—ˆμŒμ„ κ°€λ₯΄ν‚΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:49
The wall was formidable but not invincible.
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κ·Έ 벽은 λ¬΄μ‹œλ¬΄μ‹œν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 무적은 μ•„λ‹ˆμ—ˆμ£ .
01:53
Both Genghis and his son Khublai Khan managed to surmount the wall
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μ§•κΈ°μ¦ˆμΉΈκ³Ό 그의 아듀인 μΏ λ°œλΌμ΄μΉΈμ€ 13μ„ΈκΈ°μ˜ λͺ½κ³¨μΉ¨μž…μ‹œκΈ°μ—
01:56
during the Mongol invasion of the 13th Century.
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κ·Έ 벽을 λ„˜μ–΄μ„°μ–΄μš”.
01:59
After the Ming dynasty gained control in 1368,
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1368λ…„ λͺ…μ™•μ‘°κ°€ ν†΅μ œκΆŒμ„ μž‘μ€ ν›„
02:03
they began to refortify and further consolidate the wall
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그듀은 μ§€λ°©μš”μ˜ 벽돌과 λŒμ„ μ΄μš©ν•˜μ—¬
02:07
using bricks and stones from local kilns.
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성벽을 μž¬μš”μƒˆν•˜κ³ , ν†΅ν•©ν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμ£ .
02:09
Averaging 23 feet high and 21 feet wide,
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높이 23ν”ΌνŠΈμ™€ 넓이 21ν”ΌνŠΈμ˜ ν‰κ· μœΌλ‘œ
02:13
the walls 5500 miles were punctuated by watchtowers.
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5500λ§ˆμΌλ§ˆλ‹€ 성벽에 κ°μ‹œνƒ‘μ΄ 쀑간쀑간 λΌμ–΄μ Έμžˆμ—ˆμ£ .
02:18
When raiders were sighted,
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μΉ¨μž…μžλ“€μ„ λͺ©κ²©ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ
02:20
fire and smoke signals traveled between towers
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λ΄‰ν™”λ‘œ 증강병λ ₯을
02:22
until reinforcements arrived.
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μš”μ²­ν•˜κ³€ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:25
Small openings along the wall let archers fire on invaders,
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μ„±λ²½λ₯Ό λ”°λ₯Έ μž‘μ€ κ΅¬λ©λ“€λ‘œ κΆμˆ˜λ“€μ΄ μΉ¨μž…μžλ“€μ„ μ‚¬κ²©ν–ˆμ£ .
02:29
while larger ones were used to drop stones and more.
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더 큰 ꡬ멍은 λŒλ“€κ³Ό κ·Έ μ™Έμ˜ 것을 λ–¨μ–΄λœ¨λ¦¬λŠ”λ° μ‚¬μš©λ˜μ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
02:33
But even this new and improved wall was not enough.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이 μƒˆλ‘­κ³  ν–₯μƒλœ 벽은 μΆ©λΆ„ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:36
In 1644, northern Manchu clans overthrew the Ming
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1644λ…„, 뢁μͺ½μ˜ λ§Œμ£Όμ§‘λ‹¨λ“€μ€ 청을 κ±΄μ„€ν•˜κ³ 
02:41
to establish the Qing dynasty,
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λͺ½κ³¨μΈλ“€μ„ κ²°ν•©ν•˜λ©°
02:43
incorporating Mongolia as well,
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λͺ…을 λ©Έλ§μ‹œμΌ°μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:45
Thus, for the second time,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ―€λ‘œ 두 번째둜
02:47
China was ruled by the very people the wall had tried to keep out.
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쀑ꡭ은 κ·Έ μ„±λ²½μœΌλ‘œ λ§‰μœΌλ €λ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€λ‘œλΆ€ν„° μ§€λ°°λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:51
With the empire's borders now extending beyond the Great Wall,
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제ꡭ의 ꡭ경이 만리μž₯μ„± λ’€λ‘œ λ„“ν˜€μ§€λ©°
02:54
the fortifications lost their purpose.
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λ°©μ–΄ μ‹œμ„€μ€ κ·Έ λͺ©μ μ„ μžƒμ—ˆμ£ .
02:57
And without regular reinforcement, the wall fell into disrepair,
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정기적인 증강 병λ ₯ μ—†μ΄λŠ” 성벽은 황폐해지고
03:01
rammed earth eroded,
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κ΅³ν˜€μ§„ 흙은 λ¬΄λ„ˆμ‘Œκ³ 
03:03
while brick and stone were plundered for building materials.
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벽돌과 λ°”μœ„λ“€μ€ κ±΄μΆ•μžμ œλ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ μ•½νƒˆλ‹Ήν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:06
But its job wasn't finished.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 역할은 λλ‚˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:08
During World War II,
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제 2μ°¨ μ„Έκ³„λŒ€μ „ λ•Œ
03:09
China used sections for defense against Japanese invasion,
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쀑ꡭ은 일본의 μΉ¨λž΅μ„ λ°©μ–΄ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μƒμš©ν•˜μ˜€κ³ 
03:12
and some parts are still rumored to be used for military training.
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μΌλΆ€μ—μ„œμ€ ꡰ사 κ΅μœ‘μ„ μœ„ν•΄ μ‚¬μš©λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€λŠ” 이야기가 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:16
But the Wall's main purpose today is cultural.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μš”μ¦˜λ‚ μ˜ μ„±λ²½μ˜ 주된 μ˜λ―Έμ€ λ¬Έν™”μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:19
As one of the largest man-made structures on Earth,
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인간이 λ§Œλ“  μ§€κ΅¬μ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ 큰 ꡬ쑰물둜
03:23
it was granted UNESCO World Heritage Status in 1987.
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1987에 μœ λ„€μŠ€μ½”λ‘œλΆ€ν„° μ„Έκ³„λ¬Έν™”μœ μ‚°μœΌλ‘œ μΈμ •λ°›μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:27
Originally built to keep people out of China,
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μ›λž˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ μ€‘κ΅­μœΌλ‘œ λ“€μ–΄μ˜€μ§€ λͺ»ν•˜κ²Œ μœ„ν•΄ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ‘Œμ§€λ§Œ
03:29
the Great Wall now welcomes millions of visitors each year.
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만리μž₯성은 맀년 수백만 λͺ…μ˜ 방문객을 ν™˜μ˜ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:33
In fact, the influx of tourists has caused the wall to deteriorate,
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μ‹€μ œλ‘œλŠ” 방문객이 λ°€λ €λ“€μ–΄μ„œ 성벽은 μ•…ν™”λμ§€λ§Œ
03:37
leading the Chinese government to launch preservation initiatives.
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쀑ꡭ μ •λΆ€λŠ” 보쑴을 μœ„ν•œ κ³„νšμ— μ°©μˆ˜ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:40
It's also often acclaimed as the only man-made structure visible from space.
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λ˜ν•œ 이것은 μš°μ£Όμ—μ„œ λ³΄μ΄λŠ” 인간이 λ§Œλ“  μœ μΌν•œ ꡬ쑰물둜 찬사받고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:45
Unfortunately, that's not at all true.
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λΆˆν–‰μ΄λ„ 그것은 사싀이 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:48
In low Earth orbit, all sorts of structures,
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μ € 지ꡬ κΆ€λ„μ—μ„œ 닀리, κ³ μ†λ„λ‘œ
03:50
like bridges, highways and airports are visible,
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곡항같은 λͺ¨λ“  ꡬ쑰물듀은 λ³΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:54
and the Great Wall is only barely discernible.
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그리고 만리μž₯성은 κ°„μ‹ νžˆ μ•Œμ•„λ³Ό 수 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:57
From the moon, it doesn't stand a chance.
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λ‹¬μ—μ„œ 봀을 λ•ŒλŠ”, λ³Ό 수 μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:00
But regardless, it's the Earth we should be studying it from
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이 성벽을 더 연ꡬ해야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:04
because new sections are still discovered every few years,
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ 맀년 μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 뢀뢄이 발견되고 있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
04:07
branching off from the main body
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μ›λž˜μ˜ λͺ©μ μ—μ„œ λ‚˜μ•„κ°€
04:09
and expanding this remarkable monument to human achievement.
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인간이 μ΄λ£©ν•œ μ—…μ μœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜μ•„ 갈 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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