If superpowers were real: Immortality - Joy Lin

5,322,716 views ใƒป 2013-06-27

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Ido Dekkers ืขืจื™ื›ื”: benyamin zinshtein
00:14
Immortality.
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ืืœืžื•ื•ืช.
00:16
In movies, kings are always searching for the secret to immortality.
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ื‘ืกืจื˜ื™ื, ืžืœื›ื™ื ืชืžื™ื“ ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื
ืืช ืกื•ื“ ื”ืืœืžื•ื•ืช.
00:21
But is immortality really a good thing?
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืื ื—ื™ื™ ื ืฆื— ื‘ืืžืช ื“ื‘ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘?
00:24
To a ten-year-old boy, one year is the same as 10% of his life.
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ืœื™ืœื“ ื‘ืŸ ืขืฉืจ,
ืฉื ื” ืื—ืช ื”ื™ื ื›ืžื• 10% ืžื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื•.
00:28
To his forty-year-old mother, one year is merely 2.5% of her life.
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ืœืื™ืžื• ื‘ืช ื”ืืจื‘ืขื™ื,
ืฉื ื” ืื—ืช ื”ื™ื ืจืง 2.5% ืžื—ื™ื™ื”.
00:32
The same year, 365 days,
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ืื•ืชื” ืฉื ื”, 365 ื™ืžื™ื,
00:34
can feel differently to different people.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืื—ืจืช ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื.
00:38
If we live until we're 82,
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ืื ื ื—ื™ื™ื” ืขื“ ื’ื™ืœ 82,
00:39
that's about 30,000 days.
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ื–ื” ื‘ืขืจืš 30,000 ื™ืžื™ื.
00:42
If this boy lives for 30,000 years, a year to him could feel like a day.
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ืื ื”ื™ืœื“ ื”ื–ื” ื™ื—ื™ื” 30,000 ืฉื ื™ื,
ืฉื ื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื• ืชืจื’ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื• ื™ื•ื.
00:47
And if this boy's emotions sustain
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ื•ืื ื”ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ ื”ื–ื” ื™ื—ื–ื™ืงื•
00:48
through the potential boredom of living for millions of years,
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ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืขืžื•ื ื”ืืคืฉืจื™
ืฉืœ ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืžืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉื ื™ื,
00:51
he might become extremely lonely and sad,
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ื”ื•ื ืื•ืœื™ ื™ื”ืคื•ืš ืœืžืื•ื“ ื‘ื•ื“ื“ ื•ืขืฆื•ื‘
00:55
knowing he has and always will outlive everyone he has ever loved.
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ืœื“ืขืช ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ื™ ื•ืชืžื™ื“ ื™ื—ื™ื”
ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืื™ ืคืขื ืื”ื‘.
01:00
But what if everyone were immortal?
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืื ื›ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื ื™ ืืœืžื•ื•ืช?
01:02
Well, first off, Earth is only so big.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืจืืฉื™ืช, ืœื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉ ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ.
01:05
So, where would we all live?
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ืื–, ืื™ืคื” ื›ื•ืœื ื™ื—ื™ื•?
01:07
(Grunts)
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01:08
"Excuse me!" "That's my face!"
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"ืกืœื™ื—ื”!"
"ื–ื” ื”ืคื ื™ื ืฉืœื™!"
01:11
"Stop it!" "Pardon me."
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"ืชืคืกื™ืง!"
"ืกืœื™ื—ื”."
01:13
"Tight in here!"
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"ืฆืคื•ืฃ ืคื”!"
01:14
Do you remember what you did last year or when you were five?
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ืืชื ื–ื•ื›ืจื™ื ืžื” ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื”?
ืžื” ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื ื‘ื ื™ ื—ืžืฉ?
01:17
How much of your past have you forgotten?
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ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืขื‘ืจ ืฉืœื›ื ืฉื›ื—ืชื?
01:19
If you have trouble remembering what you did when you were five,
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ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ื‘ืขื™ื” ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ
ืžื” ืขืฉื™ืชื ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ื—ืžืฉ,
01:22
how will you remember what happened if you were alive a thousand years ago?
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ืื™ืš ืชื–ื›ืจื• ืžื” ืงืจื”
ืื ื—ื™ื™ืชื ืืœืคื™ ืฉื ื™ื?
ืœืคื ื™ ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื™ื?
01:26
A million years ago?
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01:27
We don't remember every single detail of our past
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื–ื•ื›ืจื™ื ื›ืœ ืคืจื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื‘ืจ ืฉืœื ื•
01:29
because our brains have a limited capacity
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืžื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืขืœื™ ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ
01:31
and we replace useless memories,
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื—ืœื™ืคื™ื ื–ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื—ืกืจื™ ืชื•ืขืœืช,
01:33
like middle school locker combinations,
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ื›ืžื• ื”ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืกื•ื“ื™ ืฉืœ ืžื ืขื•ืœ ื”ืœื•ืงืจ ื‘ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื,
ืขื ืžื™ื“ืข ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™.
01:35
with relevant information.
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01:37
If this immortal boy finds a companion
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ืื ื”ื™ืœื“ ื‘ืŸ ื”ืืœืžื•ื•ืช ื”ื–ื” ื™ืžืฆื ืฉื•ืชืคื”
01:39
to fall in love with once every hundred years,
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ืœืื”ื‘ื” ืคืขื ื‘ืžืื” ืฉื ื”,
01:41
he would have ten thousand girlfriends in a million years.
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ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื• ืขืฉืจืช ืืœืคื™ื ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื”.
01:45
And how many of those ten thousand girls' names
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ื•ื›ืžื” ืžืฉืžื•ืช ืขืฉืจืช ื”ืืœืคื™ื ื”ืืœื”
01:48
will he be able to remember?
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ื”ื•ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ?
01:49
This changes what a meaningful relationship means, doesn't it?
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ื–ื” ืžืฉื ื” ืืช ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื,
ืœื?
01:53
Another tricky thing about immortality:
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ืขื•ื“ ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื ืฆื—:
ื‘ื ื™ ืื ื•ืฉ ืœื ืชืžื™ื“ ื ืจืื• ืื•ืชื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ.
01:55
Human beings have not always looked the same.
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01:57
This can be explained by Darwin's theory of evolution.
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ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืชืื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื“ืจื•ื•ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื”.
01:59
For instance, if women find taller men more attractive,
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ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ืื ื ืฉื™ื ืžื•ืฆืื•ืช ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ืฉื›ื™ื,
02:02
then more tall men would mate and have children,
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ืื– ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ ื•ื™ืœื“ื™ื,
02:05
putting more tall genes in the gene pool.
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ืžื” ืฉื™ื›ื ื™ืก ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื ื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ืœืžืื’ืจ ื”ื’ื ื™ื.
02:07
That means, in the next generation,
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ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ, ืฉื‘ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื,
ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ื’ื ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
02:09
more children will have the genes to be taller.
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02:11
Repeat that process for a million years
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ื—ื–ืจื• ืขืœ ื–ื” ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื”
ื•ื”ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื‘ื•ื”
02:13
and the average height will be a lot taller
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ืžื”ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื›ื™ื•ื,
02:15
than the average height today,
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02:16
assuming there's no natural disaster that wipes out all the tall people.
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ืื ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฉื•ื ืืกื•ืŸ ื˜ื‘ืข
ืฉื™ืžื—ืง ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ ืื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ืžื”ืขื•ืœื.
ืื‘ื•ืช ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื”ื™ื• ืงื•ืคื™ื ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื, ื•ืฉืขื™ืจื™ื.
02:20
Our ancestors were short, hairy apes.
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02:22
We still have body hair, but we don't look like apes any more.
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ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืฉื™ืขืจ ื’ื•ืฃ,
ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื ืจืื™ื ื›ืžื• ืงื•ืคื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
02:25
If you're the only person who is immortal,
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ืื ืืชื ื”ืื“ื ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื‘ืŸ ื”ืืœืžื•ื•ืช,
02:27
while everyone else keeps evolving,
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื›ื•ืœื ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืชืคืชื—
02:29
generation after generation,
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ื“ื•ืจ ืื—ืจื™ ื“ื•ืจ,
02:31
you will eventually look quite different than the people who surround you.
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ืืชื ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืชืจืื• ื“ื™ ืฉื•ื ื”
ืžื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืงื™ืคื™ื ืืชื›ื.
02:34
"Hi, how you doing?"
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"ื”ื™, ืžื” ืฉืœื•ืžืš?"
02:35
If one of our ancestors, apes, is still alive today,
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ืื ืื—ื“ ืžืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื”ืงื•ืคื™ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ื™ ื”ื™ื•ื,
02:38
how many people will make friends with it
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ื›ืžื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ืชื—ื‘ืจื• ืื™ืชื•
02:40
instead of calling the Museum of Natural History?
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ืชืงืฉืจ ืœืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ ื”ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืข?
02:43
And one more physical consideration for immortality:
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ื•ืขื•ื“ ืฉื™ืงื•ืœ ืคื™ืกื™ืงืœื™ ื ื•ืกืฃ
ืœื—ื™ื™ ื ืฆื—:
02:46
Scars.
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ืฆืœืงื•ืช.
02:47
After all, immortality doesn't automatically translate to invincibility,
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ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื›ืœ, ื—ื™ื™ ื ืฆื— ืœื ืžืชืจื’ืžื™ื ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ืช
ืœืžื•ืฉืœืžื•ืช ืคื™ืกื™ืช,
02:51
it just means you cannot die.
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ื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืืชื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืžื•ืช.
02:53
But it doesn't guarantee what condition you'll be alive in.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ืžืฆื‘ ืชื—ื™ื•.
02:56
Look at your body and count how many scars you have.
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ืื–, ืชื‘ื™ื˜ื• ื‘ื’ื•ืคื›ื
ื•ืชืกืคืจื• ื›ืžื” ืฆืœืงื•ืช ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื.
ืื ื™ืฆืจืชื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฆืœืงื•ืช ืงื‘ื•ืขื•ืช
02:59
If you have made this many permanent scars
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ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื›ื,
03:01
within your life,
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ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ื›ืžื” ื ื–ืง ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืขืฉื™ื
03:02
imagine how much damage you would have if you were one thousand years old!
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ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื ื‘ื ื™ ืืœืฃ!
03:06
Now, there are approximately
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื™ืฉ ื‘ืขืจืš
125,000 ืฉื—ืจื•ืจื™ื ืžื‘ืชื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืื—ืจื™ ืงื˜ื™ืขื•ืช
03:08
185,000 amputation-related hospital discharges
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03:11
every year in the U.S.
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ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช.
03:13
These injuries are due to accidents or illnesses.
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ื”ืคืฆื™ืขื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื”ืŸ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ืื• ืžื—ืœื•ืช.
03:16
Certainly the percentage is low comparing to the total population
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ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ื”ืื—ื•ื– ื ืžื•ืš
ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ืœื›ืœ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื”
03:19
if you only live for a hundred years.
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ืื ืืชื ื—ื™ื™ื ืจืง ืžืื” ืฉื ื”.
03:21
However, if you've been alive for over one million years,
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ืขื ื–ืืช, ืื ื—ื™ื™ืชื
ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื”,
03:24
the odds of still having all your limbs are pretty slim.
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ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื ื“ื™ ืงืœื•ืฉื™ื.
03:28
What about little accessories,
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ืžื” ืขื ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช,
03:29
like your eyes, your nose, your ears,
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ื›ืžื• ื”ืขื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื,
ื”ืืฃ ืฉืœื›ื,
ื”ืื•ื–ื ื™ื™ื,
03:31
fingers or toes?
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ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืช ื•ื‘ื”ื•ื ื•ืช?
03:33
What about your teeth?
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ืžื” ืขื ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื›ื?
03:35
What are the odds of you keeping your dental health
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ืžื” ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืชืฉืžืจื• ืขืœ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื
03:37
for a hundred years?
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ืœืžืื” ืฉื ื”?
03:38
A thousand years?
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ืืœืฃ ืฉื ื”?
03:40
One million years?
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ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื”?
03:42
You might end up looking like a horribly scuffed-up Mr. Potato Head
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ืื•ืœื™ ืชืจืื• ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื›ืžื•
ืจืืฉ ืชืคื•ื— ืื“ืžื” ืžืžืฉ ืžืฉื•ืคืฉืฃ
03:45
with missing pieces and dentures.
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ืขื ื—ืœืงื™ื ื—ืกืจื™ื ื•ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ืชื•ืชื‘ื•ืช.
03:47
So, are you sure you want to live forever?
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ืื–, ืืชื ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืœื ืฆื—?
ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืื™ื–ื” ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขืœ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืขืœ
03:52
Now, which superpower physics lesson will you explore next?
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ืชื—ืงืจื• ื›ืขืช?
03:56
Shifting body size and content,
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ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ืชื•ื›ืŸ,
04:01
super speed,
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ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืขืœ,
04:02
flight,
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ืžืขื•ืฃ,
04:04
super strength,
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ื›ื•ื— ืขืœ,
04:06
immortality,
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ื—ื™ ื ืฆื—,
04:09
and --
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ื•...
04:11
invisibility.
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ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืจืื•ืช.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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