The myth of King Midas and his golden touch - Iseult Gillespie

7,212,306 views ใƒป 2018-03-05

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Ido Dekkers ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Shai Hakim
00:08
With his harebrained schemes and asinine dealings with the gods,
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ืขื ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืคื–ื™ื–ื™ื ืฉืœื• ื•ื”ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื•ื™ืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื• ืขื ื”ืืœื™ื,
00:12
King Midas ruled the ancient kingdom of Phrygia with an uneven hand.
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ื”ืžืœืš ืžื™ื“ืืก ืฉืœื˜ ื‘ืžืžืœื›ื” ื”ืขืชื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ืคืจื™ื’ื™ื” ืขื ื™ื“ ืœื ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื”.
00:18
He was known in Greek mythology as a rogue ruler
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื™ื“ื•ืข ื‘ืžื™ืชื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ืช ื›ืฉืœื™ื˜ ืกื•ืจืจ
00:22
whose antics bemused his people and distracted the gods.
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ืฉื”ืชืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœื• ื‘ื™ืœื‘ืœื• ืื ืฉื™ื ื•ื”ืฆื™ืงื• ืœืืœื™ื.
00:27
Midas spent his days in a stupor of splendor,
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ืžื™ื“ืืก ื‘ื™ืœื” ืืช ื™ืžื™ื• ื‘ืขืจืคื•ืœ ื—ื•ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืจ,
00:30
spoiling himself and his beloved daughter and gorging himself on feasts and wine.
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ืžืคื ืง ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื•ืืช ื‘ืชื• ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื” ื•ืžืคื˜ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืžืฉืชื™ื ื•ื™ื™ืŸ.
00:37
Unsurprisingly, he felt an affinity with Dionysus,
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ืœื ืžืคืชื™ืข ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื–ื™ืงื” ืœื“ื™ื•ื ื™ืกื•ืก,
00:40
god of wine, carnival, and performance.
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ืืœ ื”ื™ื™ืŸ, ื”ืงืจื ื‘ืœ ื•ื”ื”ื•ืคืขื•ืช.
00:48
One day, Midas discovered a satyr
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ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“, ืžื™ื“ืืก ื’ื™ืœื” ืกื˜ื™ืจ
00:51
dozing in his rose garden and drunk on more than the scent of flowers.
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ืžื ืžื ื ื‘ื’ืŸ ื”ื•ืจื“ื™ื ืฉืœื• ืฉืชื•ื™ ืžื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืจื™ื— ื”ืคืจื—ื™ื.
00:56
Midas recognized the satyr as one of Dionysusโ€™s followers
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ืžื™ื“ืืก ื”ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืกื˜ื™ืจ ื›ืื—ื“ ืžื—ืกื™ื“ื™ ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ืกื•ืก
01:00
and let him nurse his hangover at the palace.
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ื•ื ืชืŸ ืœื• ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื—ืžืจืžื•ืจืช ืฉืœื• ื‘ืืจืžื•ื ื•.
01:04
Pleased with the kingโ€™s hospitality, Dionysus offered to grant him one wish.
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ืžืจื•ืฆื” ืžืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืคื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืœืš, ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ืกื•ืก ื”ืฆื™ืข ืœื”ืขื ื™ืง ืœื• ืžืฉืืœื” ืื—ืช.
01:10
Midas cast a greedy eye over his surroundings.
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ืžื™ื“ืืก ื”ื˜ื™ืœ ืขื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืžื“ืช ืขืœ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื•.
01:13
Despite the luxury in which he lived,
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืคืืจ ื‘ื• ื”ื•ื ื—ื™,
01:15
no amount of precious jewels, finest silk or splendid decor felt like enough.
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ืืฃ ื›ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜ื™ื ื™ืงืจื™ื, ื”ืžืฉื™ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื• ืงื™ืฉื•ื˜ ื ืคืœื ืœื ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืžืกืคื™ืง.
01:22
His life, he thought, was lacking luster; what he needed was more gold.
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ื—ื™ื™ื•, ื”ื•ื ื—ืฉื‘, ื”ื™ื• ื—ืกืจื™ื ื–ื•ื”ืจ; ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื–ื”ื‘.
01:28
The god sent the power to turn anything the king touched to gold
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ื”ืืœ ืฉืœื— ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื— ืœื”ืคื•ืš ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื• ื”ืžืœืš ื ื’ืข ืœื–ื”ื‘
01:32
surging through Midas.
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ืœื–ืจื•ื ื‘ืขื•ืจืงื™ื• ืฉืœ ืžื™ื“ืืก.
01:34
Ecstatic, he turned to his possessions.
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ื ืœื”ื‘, ื”ื•ื ืคื ื” ืœืจื›ื•ืฉื•.
01:37
At his lightest touch, the palace walls transformed,
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ื‘ืžื’ืข ื”ืงืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœื•, ืงื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืืจืžื•ืŸ ื”ืฉืชื ื•,
01:41
stone statues shone,
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ืคืกืœื™ ืื‘ืŸ ื–ื”ืจื•,
01:44
and goblets glittered.
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ื•ื’ื‘ื™ืขื™ื ื ืฆืฆื•.
01:47
He galloped through his home in a frenzy,
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ื”ื™ื ื“ื”ืจ ื“ืจืš ื‘ื™ืชื• ื‘ื˜ืจื•ืฃ,
01:49
handling each item until it took on a lustrous sheen.
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ื ื’ืข ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืจื™ื˜ ืขื“ ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœ ื‘ืจืง ื–ื•ื”ืจ.
01:54
Soon the palace heaved with gold,
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ื‘ืžื”ืจื” ื”ืืจืžื•ืŸ ื”ืชืžืœื ื–ื”ื‘,
01:56
and Midasโ€™s delirious laughter echoed off the walls.
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ื•ื”ืฆื—ื•ืง ื”ืžื˜ื•ืจืฃ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื“ืืก ื”ื“ื”ื“ ืžื”ืงื™ืจื•ืช.
02:02
Exhausted and hungry from his rampage,
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ืžื•ืชืฉ ื•ืจืขื‘ ืžื”ื”ืฉืชื•ืœืœื•ืช ืฉืœื•,
02:04
Midas picked up a bunch of grapes from his newly gilded fruit bowl.
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ืžื™ื“ืืก ื”ืจื™ื ืืฉื›ื•ืœ ืขื ื‘ื™ื ืžื”ืงืขืจื” ื”ืžื•ื–ื”ื‘ืช ืฉืœื•.
02:09
But he nearly shattered his teeth,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ื›ืžืขื˜ ื ื™ืคืฅ ืืช ืฉื™ื ื™ื•,
02:11
for the fruit had turned to metal in his mouth.
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ืžืื—ืจ ื•ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืคื›ื• ืœืžืชื›ืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ืคื™ื•.
02:14
When he picked up a loaf of bread, the crumbs hardened in his hand.
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ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืืกืฃ ื›ื™ื›ืจ ืœื—ื, ื”ืคืจื•ืจื™ื ื”ืชืงืฉื• ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื•.
02:19
Flinging himself onto his bed in frustration,
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื˜ื™ืœ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ืขืœ ืžื™ื˜ืชื• ื‘ื™ืื•ืฉ,
02:22
Midas discovered his plush pillows had morphed into solid gold.
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ืžื™ื“ืืก ื’ื™ืœื” ืฉื”ื›ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืจื›ื•ืช ืฉืœื• ื”ืคื›ื• ืœื–ื”ื‘ ืžื•ืฆืง.
02:27
Hearing his cries of frustration, his daughter entered the room.
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ื›ืฉืฉืžืขื” ืืช ื‘ื›ื™ื• ื”ืžืชื•ืกื›ืœ, ื‘ื™ืชื• ื ื›ื ืกื” ืœื—ื“ืจื•.
02:32
But when Midas reached out to her,
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉืžื™ื“ืืก ื”ื•ืฉื™ื˜ ื™ื“ื• ืืœื™ื”,
02:33
he saw with horror that he had frozen her into a golden statue.
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ื”ื•ื ืจืื” ื‘ืื™ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืงืคื™ื ืื•ืชื” ืœืคืกืœ ืžื•ื–ื”ื‘.
02:39
Horrified at what he had done,
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ืžื‘ื•ืขืช ืžืžื” ืฉืขืฉื”,
02:40
Midas begged the gods to rid him of his power.
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ืžื™ื“ืืก ื”ืชื—ื ืŸ ืœืืœื™ื ืœื”ืคื˜ืจ ืžื›ื•ื—ื•.
02:45
Taking pity on the foolish king,
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ืžืชื•ืš ืจื—ืžื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžืœืš ื”ื˜ื™ืคืฉ,
02:47
Dionysus told Midas to wash his hands in the River Pactolus.
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ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ืกื•ืก ืืžืจ ืœืžื™ื“ืืก ืœืจื—ื•ืฅ ืืช ื™ื“ื™ื• ื‘ื ื”ืจ ืคืงื˜ื•ืœื•ืก.
02:51
When Midas reached into the river, the gold drained from his fingertips.
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ื›ืฉืžื™ื“ืืก ื”ื•ืฉื™ื˜ ื™ื“ื™ื• ืœื ื”ืจ, ื”ื–ื”ื‘ ื”ืชื ืงื– ืžืงืฆื•ืช ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืชื™ื•.
02:57
Midas returned home to find his daughter alive
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ืžื™ื“ืืก ื—ื–ืจ ืœื‘ื™ืชื• ื•ื’ื™ืœื” ืืช ื‘ื™ืชื• ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื
03:00
and his palace back to normal, and he rejoiced.
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ื•ืืช ืืจืžื•ื ื• ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืงื“ืžื•ืชื•, ื•ื”ื•ื ืฉืžื—.
03:04
Youโ€™d think he wouldโ€™ve learned his lesson,
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืœืžื“ ืœืงื—,
03:06
but just a few weeks later, Midas blundered again,
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ืื‘ืœ ืจืง ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื™ื ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืžื™ื“ืืก ื ื›ืฉืœ ืฉื•ื‘,
03:10
insulting the music and sun god Apollo when he declared Pan a greater musician.
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ื”ืขืœื™ื‘ ืืช ืืœ ื”ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ื•ื”ืฉืžืฉ ืืคื•ืœื• ื›ืฉื”ืฆื”ื™ืจ ืขืœ ืคืืŸ ื›ืžื•ื–ื™ืงืื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
03:17
Apollo scornfully declared that the king must have the ears of an ass
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ืืคื•ืœื• ื”ื›ืจื™ื– ื‘ืœืขื’ ืฉืœืžืœืš ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื•ื–ื ื™ ื—ืžื•ืจ
03:21
to make such a misjudgment, and transformed Midas accordingly.
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ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ื–ื• ื˜ืขื•ืช ื‘ื”ืขืจื›ื”, ื•ืฉื™ื ื” ืืช ืžื™ื“ืืก ื‘ื”ืชืื.
03:27
Once again regretting his behavior,
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ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืชื—ืจื˜ ืขืœ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื•,
03:29
Midas kept his hairy ears hidden in public.
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ืžื™ื“ืืก ืฉืžืจ ืขืœ ืื•ื–ื ื™ื• ื”ืฉืขื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ.
03:33
They were seen only by his barber,
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ื”ืŸ ื ืจืื• ืจืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ืฉืœื•,
03:35
who was sworn to secrecy during a very awkward grooming session.
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ืฉื ืฉื‘ืข ืœืกื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืชืกืคื•ืจืช ืžืื•ื“ ืžื•ื–ืจื”.
03:40
The barber stifled his laughter and fought the desire to tell someone,
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ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ืฉืชื™ืง ืืช ืฆื—ื•ืงื• ื•ื ืœื—ื ื‘ืชืฉื•ืงื” ืœืกืคืจ ืœืžื™ืฉื”ื•,
03:44
yet the secret consumed him.
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ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืกื•ื“ ื›ื™ืœื” ืื•ืชื•.
03:47
One day, he walked outside the city and dug a hole in the ground.
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ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“, ื”ื•ื ื”ืœืš ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืขื™ืจ ื•ื—ืคืจ ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืื“ืžื”.
03:52
Plunging his head into the earth,
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ื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืืช ืจืืฉื• ืœืื“ืžื”,
03:54
the desperate barber whispered, โ€œMidas has assโ€™s ears.โ€
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ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื ื•ืืฉ ืœื—ืฉ, "ืœืžื™ื“ืืก ื™ืฉ ืื•ื–ื ื™ ื—ืžื•ืจ."
04:00
Soon after, a clump of reeds sprang up
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ืžืขื˜ ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ, ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืขืฉื‘ื™ื ืฆืฆื”
04:03
in the spot where the barber had buried his words.
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ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื‘ื• ื”ืกืคืจ ืงื‘ืจ ืืช ืžื™ืœื•ืชื™ื•.
04:06
When the wind blew, they carried the echoes of his whisper through the breeze:
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ื›ืฉื”ืจื•ื— ื ืฉื‘ื”, ื”ื ื ืฉืื• ืืช ื”ื“ื™ ืœื—ื™ืฉื•ืชื™ื• ื“ืจืš ื”ืจื•ื—:
04:10
"Midas has assโ€™s ears."
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"ืœืžื™ื“ืืก ื™ืฉ ืื•ื–ื ื™ ื—ืžื•ืจ."
04:16
At the sound, donkeys in the fields raised their heads in recognition
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ืœืฉืžืข ื”ืงื•ืœื•ืช, ื—ืžื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื“ื” ื”ืจื™ืžื• ืจืืฉื™ื™ื”ื ื‘ื”ื›ืจื”
04:20
and people chuckled to themselves at the follies of their king.
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ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ืฆื—ืงืงื• ืœืขืฆืžื ืขืœ ืžืขืœืœื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืœืš.
04:25
With his golden touch and assโ€™s ears, Midas was not the most respected ruler.
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ืขื ืžื’ืข ื”ื–ื”ื‘ ื•ืื•ื–ื ื™ ื”ื—ืžื•ืจ, ืžื™ื“ืืก ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ ื”ื›ื™ ืžื•ืขืจืš.
04:31
And where other leaders were honored through statues and temples,
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ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื• ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื›ื•ื‘ื“ื• ืขื ืคืกืœื™ื ื•ืžืงื“ืฉื™ื,
04:34
his people remembered him a little differently:
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ืื ืฉื™ื• ื–ื›ืจื• ืื•ืชื• ืžืขื˜ ืื—ืจืช:
04:38
in the depths of the glittering river and the rustle of the Phrygian wind.
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ื‘ืžืขืžืงื™ ื”ื ื”ืจ ื”ืžื ืฆื ืฅ ื•ืจืฉืจื•ืฉ ืจื•ื— ื”ืคืจื™ื’ื™ืืŸ.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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