The science of stage fright (and how to overcome it) - Mikael Cho

1,620,776 views ใƒป 2013-10-08

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Ido Dekkers ืžื‘ืงืจ: Sigal Tifferet
00:06
Palms sweaty,
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ื”ื›ืคื™ื™ื ืžื–ื™ืขื•ืช
00:08
heart racing,
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ื”ืœื‘ ืžืื™ืฅ,
00:09
stomach in knots.
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ืคืจืคืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ื˜ืŸ.
00:11
You can't cry for help.
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ืืชื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื–ืขื•ืง ืœืขื–ืจื”.
00:12
Not only is your throat too tight to breathe,
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ืœื ืจืง ืฉื”ื’ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœื›ื ืกื’ื•ืจ ืžื›ื“ื™ ืœื ืฉื•ื,
ืืœื ืฉื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžื‘ื™ืฉ.
00:15
but it'd be so embarrassing.
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00:16
No, you aren't being stalked by a monster,
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ืœื, ืœื ืขื•ืงื‘ืช ืื—ืจื™ื›ื ืžืคืœืฆืช,
00:20
you're speaking in public,
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ืืชื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ,
00:22
a fate some deem worse than death.
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ื’ื•ืจืœ ืฉื—ืœืง ืชื•ืคืกื™ื ื›ื’ืจื•ืข ืžืžื•ื•ืช.
00:25
See, when you're dead, you feel nothing;
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ื›ื™ ื›ืฉืืชื ืžืชื™ื, ืืชื ืœื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื›ืœื•ื.
ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืžื”, ืืชื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืคื—ื“ ื‘ืžื”.
00:27
at a podium, you feel stage fright.
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00:32
But at some point we've all had to communicate
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ืื‘ืœ ืžืชื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื“ื‘ืจ
00:34
in front of people,
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ื‘ืคื ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื,
00:35
so you have to try and overcome it.
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ืื– ืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืจ.
00:37
To start, understand what stage fright is.
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ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ, ืชื‘ื™ื ื• ืžื” ื–ื” ืคื—ื“ ื‘ืžื”.
00:40
Humans, social animals that we are,
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ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช,
00:42
are wired to worry about reputation.
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ื”ืžื—ื•ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื“ืื•ื’ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžื•ื ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ.
00:44
Public speaking can threaten it.
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ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืื™ื™ื ืขืœื™ื•.
00:46
Before a speech, you fret,
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ืœืคื ื™ ื ืื•ื ืืชื ื—ื•ืฉืฉื™ื,
00:48
"What if people think I'm awful and I'm an idiot?"
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"ืžื” ืื ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืฉืื ื™ ื ื•ืจื ื•ืื™ื“ื™ื•ื˜?"
00:51
That fear of being seen as an awful idiot
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ื”ืคื—ื“ ืœื”ืฆื˜ื™ื™ืจ ื›ืื™ื“ื™ื•ื˜ ื ื•ืจืื™
00:53
is a threat reaction
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ื”ื•ื ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืœืื™ื•ื
00:54
from a primitive part of your brain
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ืžื—ืœืง ืคืจื™ืžื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื ื•
00:56
that's very hard to control.
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ืฉืงืฉื” ืžืื•ื“ ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ื•.
00:58
It's the fight or flight response,
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ื–ื• ืชื’ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื”ื™ืœื—ื ืื• ื‘ืจื—.
00:59
a self-protective process seen in a range of animals,
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ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื’ื ื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช ื”ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื—ื™ื•ืช,
01:02
most of which don't give speeches.
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ืฉืจื•ื‘ืŸ ืœื ื ื•ืฉืื•ืช ื ืื•ืžื™ื.
01:04
But we have a wise partner
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืฉื•ืชืฃ ื—ื›ื
01:06
in the study of freaking out.
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ื‘ื—ืงืจ ื”ืคื—ื“.
01:07
Charles Darwin tested fight or flight
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ืฆ'ืืจืœืก ื“ืืจื•ื•ื™ืŸ ื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ืชื’ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื™ืœื—ื ืื• ื‘ืจื—
01:09
at the London Zoo snake exhibit.
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ื‘ืชืฆื•ื’ืช ื”ื ื—ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ื’ืŸ ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ.
01:12
He wrote in his diary,
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ื”ื•ื ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืžืŸ ืฉืœื•,
01:13
"My will and reason were powerless against the imagination of a danger
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"ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื• ื—ืกืจื™ ืื•ื ื™ื ืืœ ืžื•ืœ ื”ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืกื›ื ื”
01:17
which had never been experienced."
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"ืฉืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื—ื•ื•ื™ืชื™."
01:18
He concluded that his response
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ื”ื•ื ืกื™ื›ื ืฉืชื’ื•ื‘ืชื•
01:20
was an ancient reaction unaffected
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ื”ื™ืชื” ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืขืชื™ืงื” ืฉืœื ืžื•ืฉืคืขืช
01:22
by the nuances of modern civilization.
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ืžื”ื ื™ื•ืื ืกื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช.
01:24
So, to your conscious modern mind,
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ืื–, ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžื•ื— ื”ืžื•ื“ืข ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ ืฉืœื›ื,
01:25
it's a speech.
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ื–ื” ื ืื•ื.
ืœืฉืืจ ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื›ื,
01:27
To the rest of your brain,
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01:28
built up to code with the law of the jungle,
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ืฉื‘ื ื•ื™ ืœืคื™ ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ื’'ื•ื ื’ืœ,
01:30
when you perceive the possible consequences
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ื›ืฉืืชื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื™ื•ืช
ืฉืœ ื›ื™ืฉืœื•ืŸ ื‘ื ืื•ื,
01:32
of blowing a speech,
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ื–ื” ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœื‘ืจื•ื—
01:33
it's time to run for your life
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ืื• ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ืขื“ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช.
01:35
or fight to the death.
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01:49
Your hypothalamus, common to all vertebrates,
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ื”ื”ื™ืคื•ืชืœืžื•ืก ืฉืœื›ื, ืฉื ืคื•ืฅ ื‘ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ื•ืช,
01:52
triggers your pituitary gland to secrete
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ื’ื•ืจื ืœื‘ืœื•ื˜ืช ื™ื•ืชืจืช ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื›ื ืœื”ืคืจื™ืฉ
01:54
the hormone ACTH,
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ืืช ื”ื”ื•ืจืžื•ืŸ ACTH,
01:56
making your adrenal gland
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ืžื” ืฉื’ื•ืจื ืœื‘ืœื•ื˜ืช ื”ืื“ืจื ืœ
01:57
shoot adrenaline into your blood.
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ืœื”ื–ืจื™ื ืื“ืจื ืœื™ืŸ ืœืชื•ืš ื”ื“ื.
01:59
Your neck and back tense up, you slouch.
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ื”ืฆื•ื•ืืจ ื•ื”ื’ื‘ ืฉืœื›ื ืžืชืงืฉื™ื, ืืชื ื›ืคื•ืคื™ื.
02:01
Your legs and hand shake
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ื”ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื ืจื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื›ืฉื”ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื ืฉืœื›ื ืžืชื›ื•ื ื ื™ื ืœืžืชืงืคื”.
02:03
as your muscles prepare for attack.
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02:04
You sweat.
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ืืชื ืžื–ื™ืขื™ื.
ืœื—ืฅ ื”ื“ื ืฉืœื›ื ืžื–ื ืง.
02:06
Your blood pressure jumps.
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02:07
Your digestion shuts down
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ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ ืฉืœื›ื ื ืกื’ืจืช
02:08
to maximize the delivery of nutrients
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืงืกื ืืช ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ
02:10
and oxygen to muscles and vital organs,
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ื•ื”ื—ืžืฆืŸ ืœืฉืจื™ืจื™ื ื•ืœืื™ื‘ืจื™ื ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื,
02:12
so you get dry mouth, butterflies.
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ืื– ื”ืคื” ืฉืœื›ื ืžืชื™ื™ื‘ืฉ, ื•ืืชื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืคืจืคืจื™ื.
02:14
Your pupils dilate,
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ื”ืื™ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื ืžืชืจื—ื‘ื™ื,
02:16
it's hard to read anything up close,
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ืงืฉื” ืœื›ื ืœืงืจื•ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืงืจื•ื‘,
02:18
like your notes,
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ื›ืžื• ื”ืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื,
02:19
but long range is easy.
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ืื‘ืœ ืžืžืจื—ืง ื–ื” ืงืœ.
02:20
That's how stage fright works.
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ื›ืš ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืคื—ื“ ื‘ืžื”.
02:22
How do we fight it?
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ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืœื—ืžื™ื ื‘ื–ื”?
02:23
First, perspective.
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ืจืืฉื™ืช, ืคืจืกืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื”.
02:25
This isn't all in your head.
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ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ืจืืฉ.
02:27
It's a natural, hormonal, full body reaction
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ื–ื• ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ื ื•ืจืžืœื™ืช, ื”ื•ืจืžื•ื ืœื™ืช, ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ
02:29
by an autonomic nervous system on autopilot.
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืขืจื›ืช ืขืฆื‘ื™ื ืื•ื˜ื•ื ื•ืžื™ืช ืขืœ ื˜ื™ื™ืก ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™.
02:32
And genetics play a huge role in social anxiety.
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ื•ืœื’ื ื˜ื™ืงื” ื™ืฉ ื—ืœืง ืขืฆื•ื ื‘ื—ืจื“ื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช.
02:35
John Lennon played live thousands of times.
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ื’'ื•ืŸ ืœื ื•ืŸ ื ื™ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืžื” ืืœืคื™ ืคืขืžื™ื.
02:37
Each time he vomited beforehand.
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ื›ืœ ืคืขื ื”ื•ื ื”ืงื™ื ืœืคื ื™.
02:39
Some people are just wired
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ื›ืžื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžื—ื•ื•ื˜ื™ื
ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืคื•ื—ื“ื™ื ื‘ื”ื•ืคืขื” ืœืคื ื™ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ.
02:41
to feel more scared performing in public.
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02:43
Since stage fright is natural and inevitable,
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ืžืื—ืจ ื•ืคื—ื“ ื‘ืžื” ื”ื•ื ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื•ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืžื ืข,
02:45
focus on what you can control.
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ื”ืชืžืงื“ื• ื‘ืžื” ืฉืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ื•.
02:47
Practice a lot,
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ื”ืชืืžื ื•
ื”ืจื‘ื”,
02:49
starting long before
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ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ืœืคื ื™
02:50
in an environment similar to the real performance.
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ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื”ื•ืคืขื” ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ืช.
02:53
Practicing any task increases your familiarity
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ืื™ืžื•ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืฉื™ืžื” ืžื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื”ื™ื›ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื
02:55
and reduces anxiety,
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ื•ืžืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ื—ืจื“ื”,
02:57
so when it's time to speak in public,
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ื›ืš ืฉื›ืฉืžื’ื™ืข ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ,
ืืชื ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ื‘ืขืฆืžื›ื
02:59
you're confident in yourself and the task at hand.
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ื•ื‘ืžืฉื™ืžื” ืฉืœืคื ื™ื›ื.
03:01
Steve Jobs rehearsed his epic speeches
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ืกื˜ื™ื‘ ื’'ื•ื‘ืก ื”ืชืืžืŸ ืขืœ ื”ื ืื•ืžื™ื ื”ืืคื™ื™ื ืฉืœื•
03:03
for hundreds of hours,
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ืžืื•ืช ืฉืขื•ืช,
03:04
starting weeks in advance.
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ื•ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืžืจืืฉ.
03:05
If you know what you're saying,
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ืื ืชื“ืขื• ืžื” ืืชื ืื•ืžืจื™ื,
ื”ืงื”ืœ ื™ืžืœื ืืชื›ื ื‘ืื ืจื’ื™ื”
03:07
you'll feed off the crowd's energy
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืชืช ืœื”ื™ืคื•ืชืœืžื•ืก ืฉืœื›ื
03:09
instead of letting your hypothalamus convince your body it's about to be lunch
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ืœืฉื›ื ืข ืืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื›ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืืจื•ื—ื”
ืœืœื”ืงื” ืฉืœ ื˜ื•ืจืคื™ื.
03:12
for a pack of predators.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื™, ืœื”ื™ืคื•ืชืœืžื•ืก ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื•ืช
03:14
But hey, the vertebrate hypothalamus
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ื”ื™ื• ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ื™ ืฉื ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื™ืžื•ืŸ ืžืืฉืจ ืœื›ื.
03:15
has had millions of years more practice than you.
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ืžืžืฉ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืืชื ืขื•ืœื™ื ืœื‘ืžื”,
03:18
Just before you go on stage,
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ื–ื” ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœืฉื—ืง ืžืœื•ื›ืœืš
03:19
it's time to fight dirty
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03:20
and trick your brain.
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ื•ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ื—.
ืžื™ืชื—ื• ืืช ื”ื–ืจื•ืขื•ืช ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ื ืฉืžื• ืขืžื•ืง.
03:22
Stretch your arms up and breath deeply.
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ื–ื” ื’ื•ืจื ืœื”ื™ืคื•ืชืœืžื•ืก ืฉืœื›ื ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ
03:24
This makes your hypothalamus trigger
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03:25
a relaxation response.
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ืืช ืชื’ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื”ืจื’ืขื”.
ืคื—ื“ ื‘ืžื” ืœืจื•ื‘ ืคื•ื’ืข ื”ื›ื™ ืงืฉื”
03:27
Stage fright usually hits hardest right before a presentation,
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ืžืžืฉ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืžืฆื’ืช,
ืื– ืงื—ื• ืืช ื”ื“ืงื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืžืชื— ื•ืœื ืฉื•ื.
03:30
so take that last minute to stretch and breathe.
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03:32
You approach the Mic, voice clear,
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ืืชื ืžืชืงืจื‘ื™ื ืœืžื™ืงืจื•ืคื•ืŸ, ื”ืงื•ืœ ืฆืœื•ืœ,
03:34
body relaxed.
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ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืจืคื•ื™.
03:35
Your well-prepared speech convinces the wild crowd
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ื”ื ืื•ื ื”ืžื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืฉืœื›ื ืžืฉื›ื ืข ืืช ื”ืงื”ืœ ื”ืคืจืื™
03:38
you're a charismatic genius.
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ืฉืืชื ืžืจืฆื™ื ื’ืื•ื ื™ื ื›ืจื™ื–ืžื˜ื™ื™ื.
03:40
How?
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ืื™ืš?
ืืชื ืœื ื”ืชื’ื‘ืจืชื ืขืœ ืคื—ื“ ื”ื‘ืžื”,
03:41
You didn't overcome stage fright,
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03:42
you adapted to it.
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ืืชื ื”ืชืืžืชื ืืช ืขืฆืžื›ื ืืœื™ื•.
ื•ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืœื ืžืฉื ื”
03:44
And to the fact that no matter
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ื›ืžื” ืืชื ื ืจืื™ื ืžืชื•ืจื‘ืชื™ื,
03:45
how civilized you may seem,
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03:46
in part of your brain,
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ื‘ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื›ื,
ืืชื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื” ืคืจืื™ืช,
03:48
you're still a wild animal,
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ื—ื™ื” ืคืจืื™ืช, ื—ื›ืžื” ื•ืจื”ื•ื˜ื”.
03:49
a profound, well-spoken wild animal.
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ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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