The myth of Cupid and Psyche - Brendan Pelsue

10,079,663 views ใƒป 2017-08-03

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Ido Dekkers ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Sigal Tifferet
00:07
"Beauty is a curse," Psyche thought
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"ื™ื•ืคื™ ื”ื•ื ืงืœืœื”," ื—ืฉื‘ื” ืคืกื™ื›ื”
00:10
as she looked over the cliff's edge where she'd been abandoned by her father.
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ื›ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื” ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืงืฆื” ื”ืฆื•ืง, ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื• ื ื ื˜ืฉื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื‘ื™ื”.
00:15
She'd been born with the physical perfection so complete
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ื”ื™ื ื ื•ืœื“ื” ื›ื” ืžื•ืฉืœืžืช ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืคื™ื–ื™ืช
00:18
that she was worshipped as a new incarnation of Venus, the goddess of love.
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ืฉืกื’ื“ื• ืœื” ื›ื”ืชื’ืœืžื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื•ื ื•ืก, ืืœืช ื”ืื”ื‘ื”.
00:25
But real-life human lovers were too intimidated even to approach her.
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ืื‘ืœ ืžืื”ื‘ื™ื ืื ื•ืฉื™ื™ื ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื ื ืจืชืขื• ืžืœื”ืชืงืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”.
00:30
When her father asked for guidance from the Oracle of Apollo,
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ื›ืฉืื‘ื™ื” ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืžื”ืื•ืจืงืœ ืฉืœ ืืคื•ืœื•,
00:34
the god of light, reason, and prophecy.
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ืืœ ื”ืื•ืจ, ื”ื”ื’ื™ื•ืŸ, ื•ื”ื ื‘ื•ืื”.
00:36
He was told to abandon his daughter on a rocky crag
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ื ืืžืจ ืœื• ืœื ื˜ื•ืฉ ืืช ื‘ืชื• ืขืœ ืฆื•ืง ืกืœืขื™
00:40
where she would marry a cruel and savage serpent-like winged evil.
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ืฉื ื”ื™ื ืชื™ื ืฉื ืœื ื‘ืœ ืคืจืื™ ื“ืžื•ื™ ื ื—ืฉ ืžื›ื•ื ืฃ.
00:47
Alone on the crag, Psyche felt Zephyr the West Wind
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ืœื‘ื“ื” ืขืœ ื”ืฆื•ืง, ืคืกื™ื›ื” ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉื” ืืช ื–ืคื™ืจ ื”ืจื•ื— ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™ืช
00:51
gently lifting her into the air.
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ืžืจื™ืžื” ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืขื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ื™ืจ.
00:54
It set her down before a palace.
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื•ืจื™ื“ื” ืื•ืชื” ืžื•ืœ ืืจืžื•ืŸ.
00:57
"You are home," she heard an unseen voice say.
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"ืืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช," ื”ื™ื ืฉืžืขื” ืงื•ืœ ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืจืื” ืื•ืžืจ.
01:02
"Your husband awaits you in the bedroom, if you dare to meet him."
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"ื‘ืขืœืš ืžื—ื›ื” ืœืš ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ื”ืฉื™ื ื”, ืื ืชืขื–ื™ ืœืคื’ื•ืฉ ืื•ืชื•."
01:08
She was brave enough, Psyche told herself.
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"ืื ื™ ืืžื™ืฆื” ืžืกืคื™ืง", ืืžืจื” ืคืกื™ื›ื” ืœืขืฆืžื”.
01:12
The bedroom was so dark that she couldn't see her husband.
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ื—ื“ืจ ื”ืฉื™ื ื” ื”ื™ื” ื—ืฉื•ืš ืžื“ื™ ื›ืš ืฉื”ื™ื ืœื ืจืืชื” ืืช ื‘ืขืœื”.
01:16
But he didn't feel serpent-like at all.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืœื ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืœื” ื ื—ืฉื™ ื‘ื›ืœืœ.
01:19
His skin was soft, and his voice and manner were gentle.
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ืขื•ืจื• ื”ื™ื” ืจืš, ื•ืงื•ืœื• ื•ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื• ื”ื™ื• ืขื“ื™ื ื™ื.
01:23
She asked him who he was,
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ื”ื™ื ืฉืืœื” ืื•ืชื• ืžื™ ื”ื•ื,
01:25
but he told her this was the one question he could never answer.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ ืœื” ืฉื–ื• ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืขืœื™ื” ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขื ื•ืช.
01:29
If she loved him, she would not need to know.
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ืื ื”ื™ื ืื•ื”ื‘ืช ืื•ืชื•, ื”ื™ื ืœื ืชืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื“ืขืช.
01:35
His visits continued night after night.
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ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื• ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ืœื™ืœื” ืื—ืจ ืœื™ืœื”.
01:39
Before long, Psyche was pregnant.
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ื•ื‘ืžื”ืจื”, ืคืกื™ื›ื” ื ื›ื ืกื” ืœื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ.
01:42
She rejoiced, but was also conflicted.
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืื•ืฉืจืช, ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ื‘ืงื•ื ืคืœื™ืงื˜.
01:46
How could she raise her baby with a man she'd never seen?
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ืื™ืš ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื’ื“ืœ ืืช ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืขื ืื™ืฉ ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืจืืชื”?
01:51
That night, Psyche approached her sleeping husband holding an oil lamp.
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ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืœื™ืœื”, ืคืกื™ื›ื” ื ื™ื’ืฉื” ืœื‘ืขืœื” ื”ื™ืฉืŸ ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื” ืžื ื•ืจื”.
01:57
What she found was the god Cupid
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ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื’ื™ืœืชื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ืืœ ืงื•ืคื™ื“ื•ืŸ
01:59
who sent gods and humans lusting after each other
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ืฉืฉืœื— ืืœื™ื ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขืจื’ื” ื–ื” ืืœ ื–ื”
02:03
with the pinpricks of his arrows.
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ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื—ื™ืฆื™ื• ื”ื—ื“ื™ื.
02:06
Psyche dropped her lamp, burning Cupid with hot oil.
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ืคืกื™ื›ื” ื”ืคื™ืœื” ืืช ื”ืžื ื•ืจื”, ื•ืฉืจืคื” ืืช ืงื•ืคื™ื“ื•ืŸ ืขื ืฉืžืŸ ื—ื.
02:12
He said he'd been in love with Psyche ever since his jealous mother, Venus,
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ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืžืื•ื”ื‘ ื‘ืคืกื™ื›ื” ืžืื– ืฉืื™ืžื• ื”ืงื ืื™ืช, ื•ื ื•ืก,
02:16
asked him to embarrass the young woman by pricking her with an arrow.
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ื‘ื™ืงืฉื” ืžืžื ื• ืœื‘ื™ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืื™ืฉื” ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื” ื‘ื“ืงื™ืจืชื” ืขื ื—ืฅ.
02:21
But taken with Psyche's beauty, Cupid used the arrow on himself.
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉื ืœื›ื“ ื‘ื™ื•ืคื™ื” ืฉืœ ืคืกื™ื›ื”, ืงื•ืคื™ื“ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื—ืฅ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื•.
02:26
He didn't believe, however, that gods and humans could love as equals.
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ื”ื•ื ืœื ื”ืืžื™ืŸ, ืขื ื–ืืช, ืฉืืœื™ื ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืื”ื•ื‘ ื›ืฉื•ื•ื™ื.
02:31
Now that she knew his true form, their hopes for happiness were dashed,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ื™ื“ืขื” ืืช ื–ื”ื•ืชื• ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ืช, ื”ืชืงื•ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ืœืื•ืฉืจ ื”ืชื ืคืฆื•,
02:36
so he flew away.
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ืื– ื”ื•ื ืขืฃ ืœื•.
02:40
Psyche was left in despair until the unseen voice returned
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ืคืกื™ื›ื” ื ืฉืืจื” ืžื™ื•ืืฉืช ืขื“ ืฉื”ืงื•ืœ ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืจืื” ื—ื–ืจ
02:45
and told her that it was indeed possible
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ื•ืืžืจ ืœื” ืฉื–ื” ื›ืŸ ืืคืฉืจื™
02:48
for her and Cupid to love each other as equals.
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ืฉื”ื™ื ื•ืงื•ืคื™ื“ื•ืŸ ื™ืื”ื‘ื• ื–ื” ืืช ื–ื” ื›ืฉื•ื•ื™ื.
02:52
Encouraged, she set out to find him.
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ื‘ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืžืขื•ื“ื“ืช, ื”ื™ื ื™ืฆืื” ืœืžืฆื•ื ืื•ืชื•.
02:55
But Venus intercepted Psyche and said she and Cupid could only wed
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ืื‘ืœ ื•ื ื•ืก ื™ืจื˜ื” ืื•ืชื” ื•ืืžืจื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื•ืงื•ืคื™ื“ื•ืŸ ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืชื—ืชืŸ
03:00
if she completed a series of impossible tasks.
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ืจืง ืื ื”ื™ื ืชืฉืœื™ื ืกื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื™ื•ืช.
03:05
First, Psyche was told to sort a huge, messy pile of seeds in a single night.
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ืจืืฉื™ืช, ื ืืžืจ ืœืคืกื™ื›ื” ืœืžื™ื™ืŸ ืขืจืžื” ืขื ืงื™ืช ืฉืœ ื–ืจืขื™ื ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ืื—ื“.
03:12
Just as she was abandoning hope,
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ืžืžืฉ ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ืื™ื‘ื“ื” ื›ืœ ืชืงื•ื•ื”,
03:15
an ant colony took pity on her and helped with the work.
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ืžื•ืฉื‘ืช ื ืžืœื™ื ืจื™ื—ืžื” ืขืœื™ื” ื•ืขื–ืจื” ืœื” ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื”.
03:20
Successfully passing the first trial,
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ื›ืฉืขื‘ืจื” ื‘ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืืช ื”ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ,
03:22
Psyche next had to bring Venus the fleece of the golden sheep,
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ืคืกื™ื›ื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื•ื ื•ืก ืืช ื”ืฆืžืจ ืฉืœ ื›ื‘ืฉืช ื–ื”ื‘,
03:26
who had a reputation for disemboweling stray adventurers,
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ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ื™ื“ื•ืขื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื•ืจ ื”ืจืคืชืงื ื™ื ืžืฉื•ื˜ื˜ื™ื,
03:30
but a river god showed her how to collect
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ืื‘ืœ ืืœ ื ื”ืจ ื”ืจืื” ืœื” ืื™ืš ืœืืกื•ืฃ
03:33
the fleece the sheep had snagged on briars,
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ืืช ืฆืžืจ ื”ื›ื‘ืฉื” ืฉื ืชืคืฉ ื‘ืงื•ืฆื™ื,
03:35
and she succeeded.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื”.
03:39
Finally, Psyche had to travel to the Underworld
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ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ืคืกื™ื›ื” ื™ืจื“ื” ืืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืชื—ืชื•ืŸ
03:42
and convince Proserpina, queen of the dead,
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ื•ืฉื™ื›ื ืขื” ืืช ืคืจื•ืกืจืคื™ื ื”, ืžืœื›ืช ื”ืžืชื™ื,
03:45
to put a drop of her beauty in a box for Venus.
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ืœืฉื™ื ื˜ื™ืคื” ืžื”ื™ื•ืคื™ ืฉืœื” ื‘ืงื•ืคืกื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื•ื ื•ืก.
03:50
Once again, the unseen voice came to Psyche's aide.
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ืฉื•ื‘, ื”ืงื•ืœ ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืจืื” ื‘ื ืœืขื–ืจืชื” ืฉืœ ืคืกื™ื›ื”.
03:54
It told her to bring barley cakes for Cerberus, the guard dog to the Underworld
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ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ ืœื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืขื•ื’ื•ืช ืฉืขื•ืจื” ืœืกืจื‘ืจื•ืก, ื›ืœื‘ ื”ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืื•ืœ
04:00
and coins to pay the boatman, Charon to ferry her across the river Styx.
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ื•ืžื˜ื‘ืขื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืœื ืœืื™ืฉ ืขืœ ื”ืกื™ืจื”, ื›ืืจื•ืŸ, ืฉื™ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื” ืืช ื”ื ื”ืจ ืกื˜ื™ืงืก.
04:08
With her third and final task complete,
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ื›ืฉื”ื•ืฉืœืžื” ืžืฉื™ืžืชื” ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ื•ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื”
04:11
Psyche returned to the land of the living.
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ื—ื–ืจื” ืคืกื™ื›ื” ืœืืจืฅ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื.
04:15
Just outside Venus's palace, she opened the box of Proserpina's beauty,
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ืžืžืฉ ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืืจืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื•ื ื•ืก, ื”ื™ื ืคืชื—ื” ืืช ืงื•ืคืกืช ื”ื™ื•ืคื™ ืฉืœ ืคืจื•ืกืจืคื™ื ื”,
04:21
hoping to keep some for herself.
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ื‘ืชืงื•ื•ื” ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืงืฆืช ืœืขืฆืžื”.
04:24
But the box was filled with sleep, not beauty,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืงื•ืคืกื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืœืื” ื‘ืฉื™ื ื”, ืœื ื™ื•ืคื™,
04:28
and Psyche collapsed in the road.
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ื•ืคืกื™ื›ื” ื”ืชืžื•ื˜ื˜ื” ืขืœ ื”ื“ืจืš.
04:32
Cupid, now recovered from his wounds, flew to his sleeping bride.
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ืงื•ืคื™ื“ื•ืŸ, ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืชืื•ืฉืฉ ืžืคืฆืขื™ื•, ืขืฃ ืœื›ืœืชื• ื”ื™ืฉื ื”.
04:37
He told her he'd been wrong and foolish.
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ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ ืœื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื˜ืขื” ื•ื”ื™ื” ื˜ื™ืคืฉ.
04:41
Her fearlessness in the face of the unknown
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ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ืคื—ื“ ืฉืœื” ืžื•ืœ ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ื•ื“ืข
04:43
proved that she was more than his equal.
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ื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืฉื”ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉื•ื•ื” ืœื•.
04:48
Cupid gave Psyche amborsia, the nectar of the gods, making her immortal.
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ืงื•ืคื™ื“ื•ืŸ ื ืชืŸ ืœืคืกื™ื›ื” ืืžื‘ืจื•ื–ื™ื”, ื ืงื˜ืจ ื”ืืœื™ื, ื•ื”ืขื ื™ืง ืœื” ื—ื™ื™ ื ืฆื—.
04:55
Shortly after, Psyche bore their daughter.
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ืžืขื˜ ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ, ืคืกื™ื›ื” ื™ืœื“ื” ืืช ื‘ืชื.
04:58
They named her Pleasure,
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ื”ื ืงืจืื• ืœื” ืขื•ื ื’,
05:01
and she, Cupid, and Psyche, whose name means soul,
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ื•ืขื•ื ื’, ืงื•ืคื™ื“ื•ืŸ ื•ืคืกื™ื›ื”, ืฉืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืžื” ื”ื•ื ื ืฉืžื”,
05:06
have been complicating people's love lives ever since.
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ืขืกื•ืงื™ื ืžืื– ื‘ืœืกื‘ืš ืืช ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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