What do dumplings look like around the world?- Miranda Brown

Translator: Faradila Zuchrina Reviewer: Hafizh Alfarisi

As archaeologists pored over ancient tombs in Turfan in western China,

Saat arkeolog meneliti makam kuno di Turfan, Cina Barat,

they discovered some surprisingly well-preserved and familiar relics.

mereka menemukan peninggalan tak asing yang terpelihara dengan baik.

Meski telah mengeras lebih dari 1.000 tahun,

Though hardened from over 1,000 years,

there sat little crescent-shaped dumplings.

di sana tertimbun pangsit berbentuk bulan sabit.

Exactly who invented dumplings remains a mystery.

Siapa penemu pangsit sebenarnya masih menjadi misteri.

But some scholars suspect they were first spread

Namun, beberapa ilmuwan menduganya pertama kali tersebar

around parts the ancient world by nomadic Turkic peoples

di sekitar bagian dunia kuno oleh orang-orang nomaden Turk

living in western China and Central Asia.

yang tinggal di Cina Barat dan Asia Tengah.

This is thought to be the case because “manti,”

Hal ini diperkirakan karena manti,

yang berarti “pangsit” atau “roti kukus” dalam mayoritas bahasa Turk,

meaning “dumpling” or “steamed bun” in many Turkic languages,

appears to be the root word for dumpling in several other languages.

tampaknya merupakan asal kata pangsit dalam beberapa bahasa lain.

Orang Turk kuno mungkin mengisi pangsitnya dengan daging.

Ancient Turkic people probably stuffed their dumplings with meat.

But it’s unclear when this practice began,

Namun, tidak jelas kapan metode ini dimulai

or whether they learned the art of dumpling-making from others.

atau apakah mereka mempelajari pembuatan pangsit dari bangsa lain.

However this happened, dumplings certainly gathered steam in ancient China.

Meski demikian, pangsit dipastikan semakin populer di zaman Cina kuno.

That’s where they first appear in the written record:

Di sanalah, pangsit muncul lewat catatan tertulis,

more than 1,700 years ago,

lebih dari 1.700 tahun silam,

in a mouthwatering rhapsody by scholar Shu Xi.

dalam rapsodi pengunggah selera ciptaan cendekiawan Shu Xi.

In his poem, Shu alludes to certain cooking methods coming from alien lands.

Di puisinya, Shu menyiratkan cara memasak tertentu dari negeri asing.

He describes a steamed wheat product as “mantou.”

Dia menerangkan produk gandum kukus bernama mantou.

And he reverentially chronicles the preparation of kneaded dough balls

Dengan penuh ketelitian, dia mencatat pengolahan bola adonan yang diuleni

called “lao wan.”

yang disebut lao wan.

They’re packed with pork, mutton and aromatics,

Lao wan diisi daging babi dan domba, serta bumbu aromatik,

dipped in black meat sauce, then quickly gobbled up,

lalu dicelupi saus daging hitam dan langsung dilahap.

leaving people downwind to drool and fantasy-feast.

Detail ini membuat orang berimajinasi sambil meneteskan air liur.

Dumplings continued to take off and diversify in China

Pangsit terus menyebar dan menjadi beragam di Cina

over the next thousand years.

sampai ribuan tahun.

Alih-alih isian daging tradisional,

Instead of the traditional meat filling,

beberapa kelompok memilih pangsit vegetarian.

some communities opted for vegetarian dumplings.

People developed new cooking methods.

Orang-orang mengembangkan cara memasak baru.

And because wheat was harder to cultivate outside of northern China,

Karena gandum sulit dibudidayakan di luar Cina Utara,

mereka yang tinggal di daerah lain membuat pangsit dengan beras, tapioka, dan ubi.

those in other regions began making dumplings

using rice, tapioca, and sweet potato.

The relationship between Chinese dumplings and those in other areas

Hubungan antara pangsit Cina dan pangsit daerah lain sulit dilacak.

is tricky to trace,

but food historians have made their best guesses based on available clues.

Namun, sejarawan kuliner berusaha membuat dugaan berdasarkan petunjuk yang ada.

Turkic tribes spread and eventually established

Suku Turk menyebar

dan akhirnya mendirikan Kekaisaran Ottoman sekitar 1300 Masehi.

the Ottoman Empire around 1300 CE,

bringing wrapped morsels west with them.

Mereka membawa bungkusan makanan dari barat.

In what’s now Turkey, most people wouldn’t have stuffed dumplings with pork

Di negeri Turki modern, orang-orang tidak mengisi pangsit dengan daging babi

due to Islamic restrictions.

karena adanya batasan Islam.

Instead, manti would come to be filled with ingredients like lamb,

Malahan, manti diisi dengan bahan-bahan seperti daging domba;

drizzled with garlic, yogurt, and melted butter,

dituangi bawang putih, yogurt, dan mentega cair;

then topped with herbs and spices.

lalu dibubuhi bumbu dan rempah.

Some scholars believe that the Mongol Empire also helped disseminate dumplings,

Beberapa ilmuwan percaya Kekaisaran Mongol juga membantu menyebarkan pangsit,

perhaps introducing them to parts of Eastern Europe.

mungkin mengenalkannya ke beberapa bagian Eropa Timur.

These dumplings could have come by way of China

Pangsit tersebut bisa berasal dari Cina atau langsung dibawa beberapa orang Turk

or directly from some of the Turkic peoples the Mongols hired

yang dipekerjakan untuk menjalankan Kekaisaran Mongol.

to run their empire.

One theory is that this gave rise to dumplings like Russian pelmeni,

Sebuah teori menyatakan hal itu memunculkan pangsit seperti pelmeni Rusia

and the larger pierogi and vareniki, eaten in Poland and Ukraine,

serta pierorgi dan vareniki ukuran besar yang dimakan di Polandia dan Ukraina

stuffed with things like potato, cabbage, cheese, and cherries.

dengan isian seperti kentang, kubis, keju, dan ceri.

The Mongol Empire also controlled Korea

Kekaisaran Mongol juga menguasai Korea

dan mungkin juga memperkenalkan pangsit di sana,

and might have likewise introduced dumplings there,

where “mandu” may be eaten with regional ingredients like kimchi.

di mana mandu dapat disantap dengan bahan-bahan lokal seperti kimci.

Kemudian, setelah ragam pangsit Cina diperkenalkan ke banyak negara,

Later, after Chinese dumpling varieties were introduced to more countries,

English speakers began calling them dumplings.

penutur bahasa Inggris mulai menyebutnya dumpling.

The term means “little lumps”

Istilah ini bermakna ‘gumpalan kecil’

and is thought to have been first used in 16th century England

dan diperkirakan pertama kali dipakai pada abad ke-16 di Inggris

to describe dough balls dropped in liquid.

untuk menggambarkan bakso yang dicelupkan ke kuah.

Like knödel and matzo balls, they would’ve had no filling.

Seperti knödel dan bakso matzah, dumpling tidak diberi isian.

Jadi, kata tersebut sebenarnya tak tepat dan membingungkan

So, the word was actually confusingly imprecise,

but it stuck, nonetheless.

meskipun masih tetap bertahan.

When Japan occupied China during the Second World War,

Ketika Jepang menduduki Cina selama Perang Dunia II,

Chinese “jiaozi” were brought to Japan,

jiaozi Cina dibawa ke Jepang.

where they in turn became known as “gyoza” and were more typically pan-fried.

Di sanalah jiaozi dikenal sebagai gyoza yang biasanya digoreng.

So what about the fact that every region in Italy has its own variety

Bagaimana dengan tiap daerah di Italia

yang mempunyai jenis pasta tersendiri dengan isian seperti pangsit?

of dumpling-like stuffed pasta?

Some historians think that Arab conquerors brought dumplings

Beberapa sejarawan berpendapat bahwa penakluk dari Arab membawa pangsit

when they reigned over Sicily between the 9th and 11th centuries.

saat mereka menguasai Sisilia antara abad ke-9 dan ke-11.

But the jury's still out.

Namun, hal itu masih belum pasti.

It’s unlikely that all dumpling-esque dishes came from the same root tradition.

Kecil kemungkinannya semua hidangan mirip pangsit muncul dari satu tradisi.

In many cases, it may simply be that culinary visionaries

Dalam banyak kasus, hal ini mungkin hanya inovasi kuliner dari budaya berbeda

from different cultures shared a similar revelation:

yang didasari pencerahan serupa

that cooking fillings encased in dough would be delightful.

bahwa memasak isian yang dibungkus adonan mungkin terasa lezat.

Either way, we can appreciate these plump pockets of perfection—

Meskipun begitu, kita dapat menghargai kesempurnaan bungkusan bulat ini

and the tangled, mysterious historical web

serta rumit dan misteriusnya jaring sejarahnya

that’s made dumplings so diverse and divine.

yang membuat pangsit sangat beragam dan elok.

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