Is life meaningless? And other absurd questions - Nina Medvinskaya

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2020-09-21 ・ TED-Ed


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Is life meaningless? And other absurd questions - Nina Medvinskaya

3,026,006 views ・ 2020-09-21

TED-Ed


Dvaput kliknite na engleske titlove ispod za reprodukciju videozapisa.

Prevoditelj: Iva Vukalović Recezent: Sanda Liker
00:07
Albert Camus grew up surrounded by violence.
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Albert Camus je odrastao okružen nasiljem.
00:11
His homeland of Algeria was mired in conflict between native Algerians
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Njegova domovina Alžir bila je okaljana sukobom između domaćih Alžiraca
00:16
and colonizing French Europeans.
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i kolonizirajućih francuskih Europljana.
00:18
He lost his father in the First World War,
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Izgubio je oca u Prvom svjetskom ratu
00:21
and was deemed unfit to fight in the second.
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te je smatran nepodobnim za sudjelovanje u Drugom.
00:24
Battling tuberculosis in France and confronting the war's devastation
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Boreći se s tuberkulozom u Francuskoj i suočavajući se s ratnom pustoši
00:28
as a resistance journalist, Camus grew despondent.
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u ulozi novinara otpora, Camus je postao malodušan.
00:32
He couldn’t fathom any meaning behind all this endless bloodshed and suffering.
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Nije mogao dokučiti nikakav smisao u ovom beskrajnom krvoproliću i patnji.
00:38
He asked: if the world was meaningless,
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Pitao je: ako je svijet besmislen,
00:42
could our individual lives still hold value?
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imaju li naši pojedinačni životi i dalje ikakvu vrijednost?
00:46
Many of Camus’ contemporaries were exploring similar questions
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Mnogi su Camusovi suvremenici istraživali slična pitanja
00:50
under the banner of a new philosophy called existentialism.
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pod barjakom nove filozofije zvane egzistencijalizam.
00:55
Existentialists believed people were born as blank slates,
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Egzistencijalisti su vjerovali da su ljudi rođeni kao prazne ploče,
00:59
each responsible for creating their life’s meaning amidst a chaotic world.
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odgovorni za stvaranje smisla svojih vlastitih života u kaotičnom svijetu.
01:04
But Camus rejected their school of thought.
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No Camus je odbio tu vrstu razmišljanja.
01:07
He argued all people were born with a shared human nature
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On je tvrdio da su svi ljudi rođeni sa zajedničkom ljudskom prirodom
01:11
that bonded them toward common goals.
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koja ih veže prema zajedničkim ciljevima.
01:14
One such goal was to seek out meaning despite the world’s arbitrary cruelty.
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Jedan takav cilj bio je tražiti smisao unatoč proizvoljnoj okrutnosti svijeta.
01:21
Camus viewed humanity’s desire for meaning and the universe’s silent indifference
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Camus je gledao na ljudsku želju za smislom i tihu ravnodušnost svemira
01:27
as two incompatible puzzle pieces,
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kao dva nekompatibilna dijela slagalice
01:31
and considered trying to fit them together to be fundamentally absurd.
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i smatrao da su pokušaji njihova spajanja temeljno apsurdni.
01:37
This tension became the heart of Camus’ Philosophy of the Absurd,
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Ova je napetost postala srce Camusove Filozofije apsurdnog,
01:42
which argued that life is inherently futile.
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koja je tvrdila da je život sam po sebi uzaludan.
01:46
Exploring how to live without meaning
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Istraživanje kako živjeti bez smisla
01:49
became the guiding question behind Camus’ early work,
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postalo je glavno pitanje iza Camusovih ranih djela
01:52
which he called his “cycle of the absurd.”
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koje je on nazvao svojim Ciklusom apsurda.
01:56
The star of this cycle, and Camus’ first published novel,
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Zvijezda ovog ciklusa, i Camusov prvi objavljen roman,
02:00
offers a rather bleak response.
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daje prilično tmuran odgovor.
02:03
"The Stranger" follows Meursault, an emotionally detached young man
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"Stranac" prati Meursaulta, emocionalno odvojena mladog muškarca
02:08
who doesn’t attribute much meaning to anything.
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koji ničemu ne pripisuje mnogo smisla.
02:12
He doesn’t cry at his mother’s funeral,
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Ne plače na sprovodu svoje majke,
02:15
he supports his neighbor’s scheme to humiliate a woman,
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podržava susjedov plan da ponizi ženu,
02:18
he even commits a violent crime — but Meaursault feels no remorse.
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čak i počini nasilni zločin - no Meaursault ne osjeća kajanje.
02:24
For him the world is pointless and moral judgment has no place in it.
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Za njega je svijet besmislen i u njemu ne postoji mjesto za moralnu osudu.
02:31
This attitude creates hostility between Meursault
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Ovaj stav stvara neprijateljstvo između Meursaulta
02:34
and the orderly society he inhabits,
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i urednog društva u kojem živi,
02:37
slowly increasing his alienation until the novel’s explosive climax.
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polako pojačavajući njegovo otuđenje sve do eksplozivnog vrhunca romana.
02:43
Unlike his spurned protagonist, Camus was celebrated for his honest philosophy.
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Za razliku od svojeg protagonista, Camus je bio slavljen zbog svoje iskrene filozofije.
02:49
"The Stranger" catapulted him to fame, and Camus continued producing works
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"Stranac" ga je pogurao do slave i Camus je nastavio stvarati djela
02:54
that explored the value of life amidst absurdity
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koja su tražila vrijednost života među apsurdom
02:58
many of which circled back to the same philosophical question:
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te od kojih su se mnoga vraćala istom filozofskom pitanju:
03:02
if life is truly meaningless,
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ako je život zaista besmislen,
03:05
is committing suicide the only rational response?
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je li čin samoubojstva jedini racionalni odgovor?
03:09
Camus’ answer was an emphatic “no.”
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Camusov odgovor bio je naglašen "ne".
03:13
There may not be any explanation for our unjust world,
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Možda ne postoji nikakvo objašnjenje za naš nepravedni svijet,
03:17
but choosing to live regardless is the deepest expression
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ali odluka da živimo unatoč tome jest najdublji izraz
03:21
of our genuine freedom.
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naše stvarne slobode.
03:23
Camus explains this in one of his most famous essays
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Camus to objašnjava u jednom od svojih najpoznatijih eseja
03:26
which centers on the Greek myth of Sisyphus.
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koji se koncentrira na grčki mit o Sizifu.
03:30
Sisyphus was a king who cheated the gods,
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Sizif je bio kralj koji je prevario bogove
03:33
and was condemned to endlessly roll a boulder up a hill.
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te je bio prognan da beskrajno gura kamen uzbrdo.
03:38
The cruelty of his punishment lies in its singular futility,
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Okrutnost ove kazne leži u njezinoj uzaludnosti,
03:42
but Camus argues all of humanity is in the same position.
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ali Camus tvrdi da je cijelo čovječanstvo u istom položaju.
03:47
And only when we accept the meaninglessness of our lives
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Pa tek kad prihvatimo besmislenost naših života
03:50
can we face the absurd with our heads held high.
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možemo se sučiti s apsurdom uzdignutih glava.
03:55
As Camus says, when the king chooses to begin his relentless task once more,
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Prema Camusu, kad kralj odluči opet započeti svoj neumoljiv zadatak,
04:00
“One must imagine Sisyphus happy.”
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"Ljudi moraju zamisliti Sizifa sretnim."
04:03
Camus’ contemporaries weren’t so accepting of futility.
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Camusovi suvremenici nisu tako lako prihvaćali uzaludnost.
04:07
Many existentialists advocated for violent revolution
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Mnogi su se egzistencijalisti borili za burnu revoluciju
04:11
to upend systems they believed were depriving people of agency and purpose.
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da maknu sustave za koje su vjerovali da lišavaju ljude akcije i svrhe.
04:17
Camus responded with his second set of work: the cycle of revolt.
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Camus je odgovorio svojom drugom zbirkom djela: Ciklusom pobune.
04:21
In "The Rebel," he explored rebellion as a creative act,
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U "Pobunjenom čovjeku" istražio je pobunu kao kreativni čin,
04:26
rather than a destructive one.
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za razliku od onog destruktivnog.
04:28
Camus believed that inverting power dynamics
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Camus je vjerovao da izvrtanje dinamika moći
04:31
only led to an endless cycle of violence.
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dovodi samo do beskrajnog ciklusa nasilja.
04:35
Instead, the way to avoid needless bloodshed
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Umjesto toga, način na koji bi se trebalo izbjeći krvoproliće
04:38
is to establish a public understanding of our shared human nature.
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jest uspostavljanje javnog razumijevanja naše zajedničke ljudske prirode.
04:43
Ironically, it was this cycle of relatively peaceful ideas
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Ironično je to da je ovaj ciklus relativno mirnih ideja
04:47
that triggered his fallout with many fellow writers and philosophers.
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pokrenuo njegovo otuđenje od mnogih kolega književnika i filozofa.
04:52
Despite the controversy,
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Unatoč ove polemike,
04:54
Camus began work on his most lengthy and personal novel yet:
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Camus je započeo svoj najdulji i najosobniji roman do tada:
04:58
an autobiographical work entitled "The First Man."
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autobiografsko djelo nazvano "Prvi čovjek".
05:03
The novel was intended to be the first piece in a hopeful new direction:
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Roman je trebao biti prvo djelo u novom pravcu punom nade:
05:08
the cycle of love.
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Ciklusu ljubavi.
05:10
But in 1960, Camus suddenly died in a car accident
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No 1960. Camus je iznenadno umro u prometnoj nesreći
05:14
that can only be described as meaningless and absurd.
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koja se jedino može opisati kao besmislena i apsurdna.
05:19
While the world never saw his cycle of love,
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Iako svijet nikada nije vidio njegov Ciklus ljubavi,
05:22
his cycles of revolt and absurdity continue to resonate with readers today.
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njegovi ciklusi pobune i apsurda i danas imaju svoje poklonike među čitateljima.
05:27
His concept of absurdity has become a part of world literature,
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Njegov koncept apsurda je postao dijelom svjetske književnosti,
05:32
20th century philosophy, and even pop culture.
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filozofije 20. stoljeća, čak i pop kulture.
05:37
Today, Camus remains a trusted guide for moments of uncertainty;
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Danas Camus ostaje pouzdani vodič u trenucima nesigurnosti;
05:42
his ideas defiantly imbuing a senseless world with inspiration
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njegove ideje prkosno prožimaju besmislen svijet inspiracijom
05:48
rather than defeat.
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umjesto porazom.
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