A life-saving device that detects silent heart attacks | Akash Manoj

譯者: Lilian Chiu 審譯者: Carol Wang

When I was 13,

I lost my grandfather to a silent heart attack.

What happened to be more shocking was that at 75,

我十三歲時，

我的祖父因為無症狀的 沉默心臟病過世。

grandpa was really normal, healthy and energetic,

更讓人震驚的是，在七十五歲時，

but he was diabetic.

祖父都非常正常、健康、活力旺盛。

Learning all of this was so painful

that I decided to go out on a war against this deadly killer

但他有糖尿病。

得知這些，讓我非常痛苦，

and see what could be done.

所以我決定要發起一場戰爭， 對抗這致命的殺手，

It was shocking to discover the results of recent studies

that have shown an estimate of nearly eight million people

看看能夠做些什麼。

我有個震驚的發現， 近期研究的結果

who die from heart attacks every year.

指出估計每年有近八百萬的人

Heart attacks occur for many reasons,

but most often, they occur when arteries get clogged,

因為心臟病而死。

心臟病的原因很多，

blood flow is cut off

但最常見的是因為動脈阻塞，

and oxygen-starved cells in the heart muscles start to die.

You may know the common symptoms of a heart attack:

血液無法通過，

心臟肌肉中需要 氧氣的細胞開始死亡。

chest pain, arm pain, shortness of breath, fatigue, et cetera ...

心臟病的常見症狀 你們可能都知道：

胸痛、手臂病、

but there is a type of heart attack that is quite common,

呼吸短促、疲累等等……

just as deadly,

but harder to detect because the symptoms are silent.

但有一種常見的心臟病，

同樣致命，

People having silent heart attacks just don't realize what's happening,

卻更難偵測，因為 它的症狀都無聲無息。

so they're not seeking medical attention,

有沉默心臟病的人，

which means they're less likely to receive the treatment that they need

都不知道發生了什麼事，

所以他們不會就醫，

at the critical moment.

也就是說，在關鍵時刻，

And even if they do get to the hospital by chance,

他們比較不可能得到 他們需要的治療。

either before or after they are struck by a heart attack,

就算他們剛好有去醫院，

they might have to go through one or more of these time-consuming, expensive tests

不論是心臟病發作之前或之後，

and treatments,

他們仍然可能得要接受一項或多項

which are currently considered the gold standards

of heart-attack diagnosis.

非常耗時、昂貴的檢測和治療，

The greater concern, however,

這些是目前心臟病診斷的黃金標準。

is that these silent heart attacks account for nearly 45 percent

of all heart attacks.

然而，更讓人擔憂的是，

所有的心臟病當中，

Patients with diabetes and similar disorders suffer from nerve damage

有近 45% 都是這種沉默心臟病。

that prevents them from feeling the sort of pain

有糖尿病和類似疾病的病人， 因為神經受損，

that usually signals to someone

that he or she may be having a heart attack.

不太容易會感受到這種痛苦，

這種痛苦通常卻是

Which means they suffer the damage of a heart attack

幫他們發現心臟病的訊號。

without even knowing or feeling anything.

這就表示，他們受到心臟病的傷害，

These already at-risk patients suffer from nerve damage,

卻甚至不知情，或沒有感覺。

and they do not get immediate medical care.

這些已經有風險的病人

因為神經受損，

They do not know anything before an unlikely event is about to occur.

他們不會馬上去接受醫療照護。

My grandfather was an at-risk patient, too.

在不太可能發生的事件發生之前， 他們什麼都不知道。

I probed this issue further --

我的祖父也是有風險的病人。

read as much as I could to understand the heart,

met researchers and worked across labs in India.

我進一步探究了這個議題——

盡可能讀各種資料來了解心臟，

And finally, after three long years of persistent research,

和研究者見面， 到印度的各實驗室工作。

what I have to share with the world today is a promising solution.

最後，在三年持續不懈的 漫長研究之後，

A noninvasive device that is inexpensive,

今天我要與世界分享的 是一個很有前景的解決方案。

portable, wearable by at-risk patients at all times.

一個非侵入式的裝置，

它不昂貴、可攜帶、可穿戴，

It greatly reduces the need for a blood test

讓風險的病人隨時使用。

and works 24/7, collecting and analyzing data at preset intervals.

它大大減少了血液檢測的需求，

不眠不休隨時都在運作，

And all this data is collected for a single purpose:

依據預設的時間間隔 來收集並分析資料。

detecting heart attacks as they occur.

收集所有這些資料的目的只有一個：

This is a very promising solution that might help us in the future.

偵測出心臟病發作。

You may not know how intelligent your heart really is.

這個解決方案的前景看好， 在未來可能會很有幫助。

It tries to communicate to your body multiple times before failing,

你們可能不知道 自己的心臟有多麼聰明。

by indicating symptoms like chest pain.

它在衰竭之前會多次嘗試 和你的身體溝通，

These symptoms are triggered when the heart loses out

溝通方式是表現出如胸痛的症狀。

on oxygen-rich blood flow.

當心臟沒有得到 富含氧氣的血流時，

But remember I told you about the nerve damage.

就會觸發這些症狀。

It silences these symptoms before a silent heart attack,

但記得我剛說過的神經受損吧。

which makes it even deadlier.

它會壓下沉默心臟病 發作之前的這些症狀，

And you may not even know the common symptoms.

讓沉默心臟病變得更致命。

Meanwhile, the heart also sends out certain biomarkers --

你可能甚至不知道這些常見的症狀。

cardiac biomarkers or proteins that are SOS messages --

同時，心臟也會發送出 某些生物標記——

in the form of SOS messages --

心臟的生物標記或是蛋白質，

into your bloodstream,

indicating that the heart is at risk.

這些都是求救訊號—— 求救訊息號的形式——

As it gets riskier and riskier,

發送到你的血流中， 表示心臟現在風險很高。

the concentrations of these cardiac biomarker proteins

當風險越來越高時，

keep increasing abysmally.

My device solely relies on this data.

這些心臟生物標記蛋白質的濃度

會非常極劇地增加。

The key is that these cardiac biomarkers are found

我的裝置就是仰賴這些資料。

in one of the earliest stages of a heart attack,

關鍵在於能夠在心臟病 發作的早期階段之一

when someone is almost sure to survive

就發現這些心臟生物標記，

if he or she gets prompt care.

那時如果病人馬上接受照護，

And my device is solely based on that basis.

幾乎可以肯定一定會活下來。

And here's how my device works.

這就是我的裝置的唯一基礎。

A silicon patch is worn around your wrist or placed near your chest.

我的裝置是這樣運作的。

Without having to prick your skin for a biomarker blood test,

你的手腕上要戴著矽貼片， 或是放置在胸部附近。

this patch can spot, isolate and track a heart-attack specific biomarker

這個貼片不用刺穿你的皮膚 來做生物標記血液檢測，

它能夠發現、隔離，並追蹤

called H-FABP,

and alerts you if and when it reaches a critical level in your bloodstream --

心臟病獨有的生物標記 H-FABP，

當你的血液中的標記達到 危險標準時，它就會發出警告——

a process that's much simpler, easier and cheaper than conventional methods

這個過程比一般慣用的 心臟病診斷方法

of heart-attack diagnosis.

By checking on biomarker concentration data,

更簡單、容易、便宜。

a system like this, with advanced research in the future,

透過檢查生物標記濃度資料，

could significantly reduce the need for an at-risk patient to go to a doctor

像這樣的系統再搭配 未來的先進研究，

for a biomarker blood test,

就能顯著減少有風險的病人

because the device could be worn at all times,

sensing biomarker elevations in real time.

去看醫生做生物標準 血液檢測的需求，

因為這個裝置可以隨時帶在身上，

Thus, if the device senses the biomarker levels going beyond the critical point,

即時感測生物標記的濃度升高狀況。

the at-risk patient could be warned of an impending cardiac arrest

因此，如果裝置感測發現 生物標記超過了臨界值，

and that he or she needs immediate medical attention.

它就會警告有風險的病人， 即將發生心跳停止，

Although the device may not be able to provide the patient

他／她需要立即就醫。

with the complete analysis of the cardiac injury,

雖然這個裝置可能還無法提供病人

it might be of immense help

in actually indicating that the patient is in danger,

完整的心臟傷害分析，

so that the patient can be alarmed

光是可以提醒病人有危險，

and know that immediate care is crucial.

就已經是很大的幫助，

Every at-risk patient will now receive more time to survive

病人就會有所警覺，

知道立即就醫的重要。

and reach out for medical help.

有風險的病人就會 有比較多的時間求生存，

Consequently, they don't have to go

for expensive and invasive medical treatments

去尋求醫療協助。

that would otherwise be necessary after a heart attack.

因此，他們不用接受

一般心臟病發作之後必須要做的

When I got my device tested on at-risk patients under observation,

昂貴侵入性治療。

results from the clinical validation tests

我將我的裝置做了測試， 對象是在觀察中且有風險的病人，

certified close to a 96 percent accuracy and sensitivity.

臨床驗證檢測的結果

I intend to make my device available to people in two variants:

證明了有近 96% 的 正確率和敏感度。

one which gives digital analysis of the biomarker levels

我打算將我的裝置做成 兩種版本給大家使用：

and a simpler version for the people in rural areas

一種可以針對生物標記量 做數位分析，

which simply vibrates when the biomarker levels go beyond the critical point.

還有較簡單的版本 給鄉村地區的人使用，

When we look at our progress in cardiac health care today,

在生物標記超過 臨界點時就會震動。

it is more of sick care than preventative self-care and technology.

現今我們在心臟 健康照護的進展上，

We literally wait for the heart attack to occur

比較多著重在患病後的照護， 而非預防性的自我照顧和技術。

and put our vast majority of resources into post-care treatment.

我們真的是在等心臟病發作，

But by then, irreversible damage will already be done.

將我們大部分的資源 都投入在後期照護治療。

I firmly believe it's time for us to rethink medicine.

但到那個時候， 不可逆的傷害已經發生。

We must establish proactive health-care technologies.

我堅信，該是我們 重新思考醫學的時候了。

A change must be brought out not 10 years from now,

我們必須要建立 主動的健康照護技術。

not five years from now,

but today.

And so, hopefully, one day,

我們必須要做出改變， 不是等十年後，

with the help of these devices,

不是等五年後，

someone else won't lose his or her grandfather just like I did.

而是現在。

所以，希望有一天，

在這些裝置的協助之下，

Thank you so much.

別人不會像我這樣 失去他／她的祖父。

(Applause)

Thank you.

(Applause)

非常謝謝。

Thank you.

（掌聲）

謝謝。

（掌聲）

謝謝。