See how the rest of the world lives, organized by income | Anna Rosling Rönnlund

譯者: Lilian Chiu 審譯者: Adrienne Lin

What images do we see from the rest of the world?

在世界的其他地方， 我們看到的是什麼影像？

We see natural disasters,

我們看到天然災害、

war, terror.

戰爭、恐怖景象。

We see refugees,

我們看到難民，

and we see horrible diseases.

我們看到可怕的疾病。

Right?

對嗎？

We see beautiful beaches,

我們看到美麗的海灘、

cute animals,

可愛的動物、

beautiful nature,

美麗的大自然、

cultural rites and stuff.

文化儀式等等。

And then we're supposed to make the connection in our head

接著，我們應該會在 我們的腦袋中建立連結，

and create a worldview out of this.

用這些來創造一個世界觀。

And how is that possible?

這怎麼可能？

I mean, the world seems so strange.

我是指，這世界看起來相當奇怪。

And I don't think it is.

而我不認為如此。

I don't think the world is that strange, actually.

其實，我不覺得這世界有那麼奇怪。

I've got an idea.

我有一個想法。

So, imagine the world as a street,

把這世界想像成一條街，

where the poorest live on one end and the richest on the other,

最貧窮的人住在一頭， 最富有的人住在另一頭，

and everyone in the world lives on this street.

全世界的人都住在這條街上。

You live there, I live there,

你住在那裡，我住在那裡，

and the neighbors we have are the ones with the same income.

我們的鄰居是和我們收入相同的人。

People that live in the same block as me,

和我住在同一個街區的人，

they are from other countries, other cultures, other religions.

他們來自其他國家、 其他文化、其他宗教。

The street might look something like this.

那條街看起來可能就像這樣。 （貧窮－－－富有）

And I was curious.

我很好奇。

In Sweden where I live,

在瑞典，我住的地方，

I've been meeting quite a lot of students.

我見過許多學生。

And I wanted to know,

我想要知道，

where would they think they belong on a street like this?

依他們所見，在像這樣的 街上他們屬於哪裡？

So we changed these houses into people.

所以，我們把這些房子改成人。

This is the seven billion people that live in the world.

這些是住在這世界上的七十億人。

And just by living in Sweden, most likely you belong there,

單單因為住在瑞士， 就最有可能屬於這個族群，

which is the richest group.

最富有的族群。

But the students, when you ask them,

但問及這些學生時，

they think they are in the middle.

他們認為他們在中間。

And how can you understand the world

你要如何了解世界，

when you see all these scary images from the world,

當你看到來自世界的所有這些影像，

and you think you live in the middle, while you're actually atop?

且你明明就是在頂端， 卻以為你在中間？

Not very easy.

並不很容易。

So I sent out photographers

所以我派出攝影師，

to 264 homes in 50 countries -- so far, still counting --

到 50 個國家的 264 個家中－ 這是截至目前，數字還在增加中－

and in each home, the photographers take the same set of photos.

在每個家中，攝影師 會拍同樣一組照片。

They take the bed,

他們會拍床舖、

the stove,

爐灶、

the toys

玩具，

and about 135 other things.

以及大約其他 135 種東西。

So we have 40,000 images or something at the moment,

目前我們有大約四萬張圖像，

and it looks something like this.

看起來像是這樣。

Here we see, it says on the top,

我們可以看到最上面寫著：

"Families in the world by income,"

「全世界的家庭，依收入排列」，

and we have the street represented just beneath it, you can see.

可以看見，下方寫著代表的街道。

And then we see some of the families we have visited.

接著是我們造訪過的一些家庭。

We have the poorer to the left, the richer to the right,

最左邊是最貧窮的， 最右邊是最富有的，

and everybody else in between, as the concept says.

其他人在中間， 也就是剛才提到的概念。

We can go down and see the different families we have been to so far.

我們可以向下捲動， 看看我們目前造訪過的家庭。

Here, for instance, we have a family in Zimbabwe,

比如，在這裡有個在辛巴威的家庭，

one in India, one in Russia, and one in Mexico, for instance.

還有比如在印度、俄國， 和墨西哥的家庭。

So we can go around and look at the families this way.

所以我們可以用這種方式 到處瀏覽這些家庭。

But of course, we can choose if we want to see some certain countries

但，當然，我們可以 只選某些國家來看，

and compare them,

拿它們做比較，

or regions, or if we want, to see other things.

或也可以選區域，來看其他東西。

So let's go to the front doors

咱們來看看前門，

and see what they look like.

看看它們是什麼樣子。

Go here, and this is the world by front doors, ordered by income.

到這裡，這是世界各地的前門， 根據收入來排列。

And we can see the big difference

在這裡可以看到很大的差異，

from India, Philippines, China, Ukraine, in these examples, for instance.

比如，在這些例子中的國家是 印度、菲律賓、中國、烏克蘭。

What if we go into the home?

如果我們進入家中呢？

We can look at beds.

我們可以看床舖。

This is what beds can look like.

床舖看起來是像這樣子的。

Doesn't look like the glossy magazines.

看起來並不像浮誇的雜誌。

Doesn't look like the scary images in the media.

看起來並不像媒體上的恐怖影像。

So remember that the students in Sweden,

記得嗎，在瑞典的學生

they thought they were in the middle of the world income.

認為他們在世界收入的中間區段。

So let's go there.

那我們看看中間區段。

We zoom in here by filtering the street to the middle,

我們來過濾街道， 將中間區段放大觀看，

like this,

像這樣，

and then I ask the students:

接著我問那些學生：

Is this what your bedroom looks like?

你們的臥房看起來像這樣嗎？

And they would actually not feel very at home.

他們不太會覺得 這些地方像他們的家。

So we go down and see, do they feel more at home here?

所以我們向下捲動， 這裡有沒有比較像家的感覺？

And they would say,

他們會說，

no, this is not what a Swedish typical bedroom looks like.

不，在瑞典，典型的臥房不像這樣。

We go up here,

我們向上看到這裡，

and suddenly, they feel sort of at home.

突然間，他們有點回到家的感覺了。

And we can see here in this image,

我們可以在這張影像中看到

we see bedrooms in China, Netherlands,

中國、荷蘭、

South Korea, France and the United States, for instance.

南韓、法國，以及美國等地的臥房。

So we can click here.

我們可以點選這裡。

If we want to know more about the family, the home in which this bed stands,

如果我們想要進一步 了解這張床代表的家庭，

we can just click it and go to the family,

我們可以直接點選它， 就會進入對應的家庭，

and we can see all the images from that family.

就可以看到這個家庭的所有影像。

We can go this way, too.

我們也可以用這種方式查看。

And of course, this is free for anyone to use.

當然，這網站是免費供大家使用的。

So just go here, and please add more images, of course.

所以，去看看，當然， 也請加入更多影像。

My personal favorite that everyone always tries to make me not show,

我個人的最愛， 大家總是叫我不要展示出來，

I'm going to show you now, and that's toilets,

我現在要展示給你們看， 那就是廁所，

because you're not really allowed to look at people's toilets,

因為看別人的廁所是不被允許的，

but now we can just do it, right?

但我們現在可以看一下，對吧？

So here (Laughter) we have a lot of toilets.

所以，在這裡（笑聲）， 我們有許多廁所。

They look pretty much as we're used to, right?

它們看起來跟我們 自家的廁所差不多，對吧？

And they are in China, Netherlands, United States, Nepal and so forth,

這些廁所在中國、荷蘭、 美國、尼泊爾等地，

Ukraine, France.

還有烏克蘭、法國。

And they look pretty similar, right?

它們看起來都很像，對嗎？

But remember, we are in the top.

但，切記，我們在看的是頂端。

So what about checking all the toilets?

如果看看所有的廁所呢？

Now it looks a bit different, doesn't it?

現在看起來不太一樣了，是嗎？

So this way we can visually browse through categories of imagery,

以這種方式，我們可以用 視覺方式瀏覽各種圖像類別，

using photos as data.

把照片當作資料來用。

But not everything works as a photo.

但並非一切都能用照片來呈現。

Sometimes it's easier to understand what people do,

有時，了解人們「做什麼」 是比較容易的，

so we also do video snippets of everyday activities,

所以我們也針對日常活動做短片，

such as washing hands, doing laundry,

比如洗手、洗衣服、

brushing teeth, and so on.

刷牙等等。

And I'm going to show you a short snippet of tooth-brushing,

接下來讓各位看一小段刷牙的影片，

and we’re going to start at the top.

我們從最上層的開始看。

So we see people brushing their teeth.

所以，我們看到人們在刷牙。

Pretty interesting to see

可以看到很有趣的一點，

the same type of plastic toothbrush is being used in all these places

在這些地方的人用的是 同一種塑膠牙刷，

in the same way, right?

用法也相同，對嗎？

Some are more serious than others --

有些人比較認真...

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

but still, the toothbrush is there.

但，他們用的都是牙刷。

And then, coming down to this poorer end,

接著來看看貧窮的一端，

then we will see people start using sticks,

我們會開始看到人們用棒狀物，

and they will sometimes use their finger to brush their teeth.

有時他們還會用他們的手指來刷牙。

So this particular woman in Malawi,

這位特別的馬拉威女子，

when she brushes her teeth,

當她刷牙時，

she scrapes some mud off from her wall

她會從牆壁上刮下一些泥巴，

and she mixes it with water, and then she's brushing.

把那些泥巴和水混合，再用來刷牙。

Therefore, in the Dollar Street material,

所以，在 Dollar Street 網站的素材中，

we have tagged this image

我們同時把這張影像標為

not only as her wall, which it is,

她的牆壁，這是事實，

but also as her toothpaste,

我們也將之標成她的牙膏，

because that is also what she uses it for.

因為她也的確把它當牙膏用。

So we can say, in the poorer end of the street,

所以，我們可以說， 在街道的貧窮端，

you will use a stick or your finger,

你會用棒狀物或手指刷牙，

you come to the middle, you will start using a toothbrush,

如果來到中間區段， 你會開始用牙刷，

and then you come up to the top,

接著，當你來到頂端時，

and you will start using one each.

會開始每人有一支牙刷。

Pretty nice, not sharing a toothbrush with your grandma.

不用和祖母共享牙刷是很棒的。

And you can also look at some countries.

你也可以看看某些國家。

Here, we have the income distribution within the US,

這裡看到的是美國的收入分佈圖，

most people in the middle.

大部分的人落在中間。

We have a family we visited in the richer end, the Howards.

我們造訪了富有端的 一個家庭，霍華家。

We can see their home here.

這是他們的家。

And we also visited a family in the poorer end, down here.

我們也造訪了貧窮端的 一個家庭，在下面這裡。

And then what we can do now is we can do instant comparisons

現在我們能做一些立即的比較，

of things in their homes.

比較他們家中的東西。

Let's look in their cutlery drawer.

咱們來看看他們的餐具抽屜。

So, observe the Hadleys:

觀察看看哈德利家：

they have all their cutlery in a green plastic box.

他們所有的餐具都放在 一個綠色的塑膠盒中。

and they have a few different types and some of them are plastic,

餐具類型不多， 且當中有些是塑膠的，

while the Howards, they have this wooden drawer

反觀霍華家，他們有個木製抽屜，

with small wooden compartments in it

裡面有木製的小隔板，

and a section for each type of cutlery.

每一格放一種餐具。

We can add more families,

我們可以加入更多家庭，

and we can see kitchen sinks,

我們可以看廚房的水槽，

or maybe living rooms.

或者可以看客廳。

Of course, we can do the same in other countries.

當然，我們也可以對 其他國家做同樣的比較。

So we go to China, we pick three families.

所以我們來到中國，選了三個家庭，

we look at their houses,

看看他們的房子，

we can look at their sofas,

我們可以看看他們的沙發，

we can look at their stoves.

我們可以看看他們的爐灶。

And when you see these stoves,

當你看到這些爐灶時，

I think it's obvious that it's a stupid thing

我認為，很明顯可以看出，

通常我們談到其他國家時，

that usually, when we think about other countries,

我們會認為他們會遵循某種做事方式， 這個想法是很愚蠢的。

we think they have a certain way of doing things.

But look at these stoves.

但，看看這些爐灶。

Very different, right,

非常不同，對吧？

because it depends on what income level you have,

因為這牽涉到各家的收入水平

how you're going to cook your food.

以及烹飪方式。

But the cool thing is when we start comparing across countries.

但很酷的是我們開始做跨國比較後的發現。

So here we have China and the US.

在這裡，我們比較了中國和美國。

See the big overlap between these two.

兩者有很大一塊重疊處。

So we picked the two homes we have already seen in these countries,

我們從這兩個國家挑選了 兩個剛才看過的家庭：

the Wus and the Howards.

吳家和霍華家。

Standing in their bedroom,

站在他們的臥房，

pretty hard to tell which one is China and which one is the US, right?

很難分辨哪個是中國、 哪個是美國，對嗎？

Both have brown leather sofas,

兩家都是褐色的皮沙發，

and they have similar play structures.

他們還有相似的遊樂設施。

Most likely both are made in China,

很可能兩者都是中國製造，

so, I mean, that's not very strange --

所以，我是指，那並不奇怪...

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

but that is similar.

但是很相似。

We can of course go down to the other end of the street,

當然，我們也可以 去看看街道的另一端，

adding Nigeria.

加上奈及利亞。

So let's compare two homes in China and Nigeria.

咱們來比較中國 和奈及利亞的兩個家庭。

Looking at the family photos,

看看家庭成員合照，

they do not look like they have a lot in common, do they?

兩張照片並沒有很多相似處，對嗎？

But start seeing their ceiling.

但開始看看他們的屋頂。

They have a plastic shield and grass.

他們有塑膠的遮蔽物再蓋上草。

They have the same kind of sofa,

他們有同一類的沙發，

they store their grain in similar ways,

他們用類似的方式儲存穀物，

they're going to have fish for dinner,

他們晚餐要吃魚，

and they're boiling their water in identical ways.

且他們用相同的方式煮水。

So if we would visit any of these homes,

所以，如果我們造訪其中任何一家，

there's a huge risk that we would say we know anything

有很大的風險是， 我們可能會說我們完全知道

about the specific way you do things in China or Nigeria,

在中國或奈及利亞的特定做事方式，

while, looking at this, it's quite obvious --

但，看看這個，十分明顯－

this is how you do things on this income level.

這是這種收入水平的做事方式。

That is what you can see when you go through the imagery in Dollar Street.

這就是你在 Dollar Street 看 各種影像時可以了解到的事。

So going back to the figures,

所以，回到先前的數字，

the seven billion people of the world,

世界上的七十億人，

now we're going to do a quick recap.

我們快速重述一下。

We're going to look at comparisons of things in the poorest group:

我們要來把最貧窮的族群 拿來做下列比較：

beds,

床舖、

roofs,

屋頂、

cooking.

煮飯。

And observe, in all these comparisons,

在這些比較中，去觀察看看，

their homes are chosen

他們的家庭會被選中，

so they are in completely different places of the world.

是因為他們在世界上 完全不同的地方。

But what we see is pretty identical.

但我們所看見的卻很相近。

So the poorest billion cooking

所以，最貧窮的十億人煮飯的方式

would look somewhat the same in these two places;

在這兩個地方看起來差不多；

you might not have shoes;

你可能沒有鞋子；

eating, if you don't have a spoon;

如果你沒有湯匙就是這樣吃飯；

storing salt would be similar whether you're in Asia or in Africa;

不論在亞洲或非洲， 儲存鹽的方式都很類似；

and going to the toilet would be pretty much the same experience

不論在奈及利亞或尼泊爾，

whether you're in Nigeria or Nepal.

上廁所的經驗沒什麼兩樣。

In the middle, we have a huge group of five billion,

在中間區段的人很多，有五十億人，

but here we can see you will have electric light, most likely;

但在這裡我們可以看到， 一般來說都會有電燈；

you will no longer sleep on the floor;

不再需要睡在地板上；

you will store your salt in a container;

鹽也會儲存在容器當中；

you will have more than one spoon;

湯匙會有不只一支；

you will have more than one pen;

筆會有不只一枝；

the ceiling is no longer leaking that much;

屋頂的漏水狀況也不太嚴重；

you will have shoes;

會有鞋子可穿；

you might have a phone,

可能會有手機、

toys,

玩具，

and produce waste.

還會製造垃圾。

Coming to our group up here,

到了我們這個上層族群，

similar shoes, Jordan, US.

類似的鞋子，約旦、美國。

We have sofas, fruits, hairbrushes,

有沙發、水果、梳子、

bookshelves,

書架、

toilet paper in Tanzania, Palestine,

廁所衛生紙， 在坦尚尼亞或巴勒斯坦，

hard to distinguish

很難區分，

if we would sit in US, Palestine or Tanzania from this one.

如果我們要在美國、巴勒斯坦、 坦尚尼亞之間判斷這一項的話。

Vietnam, Kenya:

越南、肯亞有：

wardrobes, lamps, black dogs, floors, soap,

衣櫥、燈具、黑狗、地板、沐浴乳、

laundry, clocks, computers,

洗衣機、時鐘、電腦、

phones, and so on, right?

手機等等，對吧？

So we have a lot of similarities all over the world,

所以全世界其實有很多相似之處，

and the images we see in the media,

我們在媒體上看到的影像，

they show us the world is a very, very strange place.

它們讓我們覺得世界是個 非常非常奇怪的地方。

But when we look at the Dollar Street images,

但當我們看著這些 Dollar Street 的影像，

they do not look like that.

看起來並不是那樣的。

So using Dollar Street,

所以，用 Dollar Street，

we can use photos as data,

我們可以把照片當數據資料來使用，

and country stereotypes --

而每個國家的刻板印象，

they simply fall apart.

就會因此瓦解。

So the person staring back at us from the other side of the world

所以，從世界另一邊 回望著我們的那個人，

actually looks quite a lot like you.

其實看起來和各位很相像。

And that implies both a call to action

這背後的意涵，是一個行動呼籲，

and a reason for hope.

以及一個希望的理由。

Thank you.

謝謝。

(Applause)

（掌聲）