Sheikha Al Mayassa: Globalizing the local, localizing the global

譯者: Andrea Huang 審譯者: Kai Cheong Chan

Both myself and my brother

我和我弟弟

belong to the under 30 demographic,

都屬於30歲以下的人口，

which Pat said makes 70 percent,

Pat說過這佔人口數的70％，

but according to our statistics

但根據我們的統計，

it makes 60 percent of the region's population.

則佔這地區人口的60％。

Qatar is no exception to the region.

卡達當然也不例外。

It's a very young nation led by young people.

她是一個由年輕人領導的新興國家。

We have been reminiscing about the latest technologies

我們一直嚮往最新的科技

and the iPods,

以及iPods，

and for me the abaya,

但我則嚮往長袍，

my traditional dress that I'm wearing today.

就是我今天穿著的傳統服飾。

Now this is not a religious garment,

現在它不是宗教的服裝，

nor is it a religious statement.

也不是一項宗教的宣言。

Instead, it's a diverse cultural statement

相反的，它是一件我們穿來

that we choose to wear.

表達多元文化的服裝。

Now I remember a few years ago,

我記得幾年前，

a journalist asked Dr. Sheikha, who's sitting here,

有記者問當時坐在這裡的謝卡博士

president of Qatar University --

她是卡達大學的校長 --

who, by the way, is a woman --

對了，謝博士是位女性。

he asked her whether she thought

那記者問她是否覺得

the abaya hindered or infringed her freedom in any way.

長袍會否有些地方妨礙或違害到她的自由。

Her answer was quite the contrary.

她的答案剛好相反。

Instead, she felt more free,

她感到更自由，

more free because she could wear whatever she wanted

因為她可以在長袍底下

under the abaya.

隨她喜歡的穿著。

She could come to work in her pajamas and nobody would care.

她可以穿睡衣去上班而沒人會留意。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

Not that you do; I'm just saying.

不是說你要這樣做，我只是隨便說說。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

My point is here, people have a choice --

我的重點是，人是有選擇的 -

just like the Indian lady could wear her sari

就像印度小姐可以穿她的莎麗服，

or the Japanese woman could wear her kimono.

或日本小姐可以穿她的和服。

We are changing our culture from within,

我們從裡面開始改變我們的文化，

but at the same time

但同時，

we are reconnecting with our traditions.

我們也在與我們的傳統重新接軌。

We know that modernization is happening.

我們了解現代化正在發生的事實。

And yes, Qatar wants to be a modern nation.

沒錯，卡達希望成為一個現代化的國家。

But at the same time

但在發展的同時，

we are reconnecting and reasserting our Arab heritage.

我們也重新連接和申張我們阿拉伯的傳統。

It's important for us to grow organically.

對我們而言，自然發展是相當重要的一件事。

And we continuously make the conscious decision

我們不斷作出有意識的決定

to reach that balance.

去達至那種平衡。

In fact, research has shown

事實上，研究顯示，

that the more the world is flat,

＂世界越是平坦，

if I use Tom Friedman's analogy,

如果我引用湯姆·弗瑞德曼的比喻，

or global,

或者說是越全球化，

the more and more people are wanting to be different.

會有越來越多的人希望能與別不同。＂

And for us young people,

而對我們年輕人來說，

they're looking to become individuals

是期望成為獨特的個體

and find their differences amongst themselves.

並從中尋求彼此的差異性。

Which is why I prefer the Richard Wilk analogy

這就是為什麼我偏好理查威爾克的比喻：

of globalizing the local

＂地區全球化

and localizing the global.

和全球地區化＂。

We don't want to be all the same,

我們不想大家都一樣，

but we want to respect each other and understand each other.

但希望能彼此尊重和相互了解。

And therefore tradition becomes more important,

因此，傳統變得更為重要

not less important.

而不是較不重要。

Life necessitates a universal world,

生活使世界趨向一致，

however, we believe in the security

然而我們相信

of having a local identity.

亦需要保有地方特性。

And this is what the leaders of this region

這正是本地區的領袖們

are trying to do.

試圖實現的。

We're trying to be part of this global village,

在努力成為這個地球村的一部分的同時，

but at the same time we're revising ourselves

我們亦透過

through our cultural institutions and cultural development.

文化制度和文化發展來調整自己。

I'm a representation of that phenomenon.

我是這現象的一個樣板。

And I think a lot of people in this room,

我認為這裡的很多人，

I can see a lot of you are in the same position as myself.

我知道你們很多都跟我有同樣的立場。

And I'm sure, although we can't see the people in Washington,

即便華盛頓的人不在現場，但我確信

they are in the same position.

他們的立場也是相同的。

We're continuously trying to straddle

我們不斷努力跨越

different worlds, different cultures

不同的世界、不同的文化，

and trying to meet the challenges

並面對

of a different expectation

因彼此期許落差

from ourselves and from others.

所帶來的挑戰。

So I want to ask a question:

所以我要問一個問題：

What should culture in the 21st century look like?

文化在21世紀應該是什麼樣子？

In a time where the world is becoming personalized,

世界在個人化的時代下，

when the mobile phone, the burger, the telephone,

手機、漢堡、電話、

everything has its own personal identity,

所有事物都有其獨特個性，

how should we perceive ourselves

我們應該如何認知自己

and how should we perceive others?

與他人呢？

How does that impact our desert culture?

這又如何影響我們的沙漠文化呢？

I'm not sure of how many of you in Washington

我不確定在華盛頓那邊有多少人

are aware of the cultural developments happening in the region

知道這地區正文化發展的狀況，

and, the more recent, Museum of Islamic Art

以及較近期，2008年在卡達

opened in Qatar in 2008.

開設了伊斯蘭藝術博物館這件事。

I myself am personalizing these cultural developments,

我吸收了這些文化的發展，並將之轉為個人化，

but I also understand

然而我也知道

that this has to be done organically.

這必須是以自然而然的方式進行才行。

Yes, we do have all the resources that we need

沒錯，我們確實有

in order to develop new cultural institutions,

發展新文化體制所需的所有資源，

but what I think is more important

但我認為更重要的是，

is that we are very fortunate

我們很幸運，

to have visionary leaders

能夠有具遠見的領導者 -

who understand that this can't happen from outside,

他們了解這樣的發展不能由外在來觸發，

it has to come from within.

它必須由內在開始。

And guess what?

你猜得到嗎？

You might be surprised to know that most people in the Gulf

你可能會感到驚訝，

who are leading these cultural initiatives

大部分在波斯灣區主導這些文化發展的人

happen to be women.

原來是女性。

I want to ask you, why do you think this is?

我想請問你們，你們知道這是為什麼嗎？

Is it because it's a soft option;

是因為那是比較輕鬆的選擇?

we have nothing else to do?

還是我們沒有其他事情做呢？

No, I don't think so.

不，我不這樣認為。

I think that women in this part of the world

我認為在這個地區的女性

realize that culture is an important component

意識到，文化是個

to connect people

連繫當地

both locally and regionally.

及區域人民的重要因素。

It's a natural component

文化是個將

for bringing people together, discussing ideas --

人們團結起來、讓彼此討論想法的自然因子，

in the same way we're doing here at TED.

- 就如同我們現在在TED做的事情一樣。

We're here, we're part of a community,

我們在這裡，我們是社會的一份子，

sharing out ideas and discussing them.

分享並交流意見。

Art becomes a very important part

藝術成為我們

of our national identity.

民族認同中相當重要的一部分。

The existential and social and political impact

藝術家在

an artist has

其民族文化認同的發展上，

on his nation's development of cultural identity

保有其存在、社會和政治上的影響

is very important.

是相當重要的。

You know, art and culture is big business.

知道嗎，藝術和文化可是門大生意。

Ask me.

問問我。

Ask the chairpersons and CEOs

問問蘇富比和佳士德

of Sotheby's and Christie's.

的主席及執行長。

Ask Charles Saatchi about great art.

問問查爾斯.薩奇關於偉大的藝術。

They make a lot of money.

他們賺了很多錢。

So I think women in our society

所以我認為，我們社會的女仕們

are becoming leaders,

之所以成為主導者，

because they realize

是因為她們意識到，

that for their future generations,

保有文化身分

it's very important

對我們的後代子孫

to maintain our cultural identities.

是非常重要的。

Why else do Greeks demand the return

為什麼希臘要求

of the Elgin Marbles?

歸還埃爾金大理石雕呢？

And why is there an uproar

還有為什麼

when a private collector tries to sell his collection

私人收藏家想將手上的收藏賣給

to a foreign museum?

國外的博物館時會引起一片騷動？

Why does it take me months on end

為什麼我得花幾個月的時間

to get an export license from London or New York

才能從倫敦或紐約取得出口許可證

in order to get pieces into my country?

把一些藝術品運進我的國家呢？

In few hours, Shirin Neshat, my friend from Iran

幾小時後，我伊朗的朋友

who's a very important artist for us

希林娜沙特，她對我們來說是位非常重要的藝術家，

will be talking to you.

她將會為你們演講。

She lives in New York City, but she doesn't try to be a Western artist.

她住在紐約市，但她不想成為一位西方藝術家。

Instead, she tries to engage

取而代之，她想從事

in a very important dialogue

有關

about her culture, nation and heritage.

其文化、民族與文化遺產的重要交流。

She does that through important visual forms

她透過攝影和電影的重要視覺形式

of photography and film.

來進行。

In the same way, Qatar is trying to grow its national museums

同樣的，卡達正以內在自發的方式

through an organic process from within.

來發展其國家博物館。

Our mission is of cultural integration and independence.

我們的目標是文化的融合與獨立。

We don't want to have what there is in the West.

我們不要西方已有的東西。

We don't want their collections.

我們不要他們的收藏品。

We want to build our own identities, our own fabric,

我們要打造自己獨特的特性、自己的布料，

create an open dialogue

創造開放性的交流，

so that we share our ideas

使彼此的想法

and share yours with us.

得以互相分享。

In a few days,

過幾天，

we will be opening the Arab Museum of Modern Art.

阿拉伯當代藝術博物館就會開幕。

We have done extensive research

我們進行了廣泛的研究，

to ensure that Arab and Muslim artists,

確保阿拉伯和穆斯林的藝術家，

and Arabs who are not Muslims --

以及非穆斯林的阿拉伯人

not all Arabs are Muslims, by the way --

- 對了，並非所有的阿拉伯人都是穆斯林 -

but we make sure that they are represented

都能在這個新機構

in this new institution.

被展現出來。

This institution is government-backed

這個機構是由政府金援的，

and it has been the case

過去的三十年

for the past three decades.

都在進行此案。

We will open the museum in a few days,

再過幾天博物館就要開幕了，

and I welcome all of you to get on Qatar Airways

我歡迎你們所有人搭乘卡達航空

and come and join us.

前來參加。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

Now this museum is just as important to us as the West.

這座博物館對我們的重要性跟西方國家一樣。

Some of you might have heard

有些人可能聽過

of the Algerian artist Baya Mahieddine,

一位叫做巴亞馬藝丁的阿爾及利亞的藝術家，

but I doubt a lot of people know

但我懷疑有多少人會知道

that this artist worked in Picasso's studio

這位藝術家

in Paris in the 1930s.

曾於30年代，在畢卡索的巴黎工作室工作過這件事。

For me it was a new discovery.

這對我來說是項新發現。

And I think with time, in the years to come

我想隨著時間的推移，

we'll be learning a lot about our Picassos,

我們的畢卡索、

our Legers and our Cezannes.

我們的雷捷和我們的塞尚將會被大眾所熟知。

We do have artists,

我們當然有藝術家，

but unfortunately we have not discovered them yet.

但不幸我們還未把他們發掘出來。

Now visual expression is just one form

視覺表達只是

of culture integration.

文化融合的一種形式。

We have realized that recently

我們已經意識到，最近

more and more people

有越來越多的人

are using the means of YouTube and social networking

藉由YouTube和社群網路的方式

to express their stories, share their photos

來傳達自己的故事、分享照片，

and tell their own stories through their own voices.

以及透過自己聲音來述說自己的故事。

In a similar way,

以同樣的方式，

we have created the Doha Film Institute.

我們創立了杜哈電影學院。

Now the Doha Film Institute is an organization

杜哈電影學院是教授

to teach people about film and filmmaking.

有關電影和電影製作的一個機構。

Last year we didn't have one Qatari woman filmmaker.

去年我們連一位卡達女製片人都沒有。

Today I am proud to say

現在我很自豪的宣布，

we have trained and educated

我們已培育出

over 66 Qatari women filmmakers

超過66位卡達女製片人，

to edit, tell their own stories

她們透過自己的聲音，

in their own voices.

來編輯及述說自己的故事。

(Applause)

（鼓掌）

Now if you'll allow me, I would love to share a one-minute film

如果你們願意的話，我想分享的一支一分鐘的電影，

that has proven to show

這60秒的電影

that a 60-sec film can be as powerful as a haiku

就有如日本俳句般，雖然精簡

in telling a big picture.

但表達豐富而有力。

And this is one of our filmmakers' products.

這是我們其中一位製片人的作品。

(Video) Boy: Hey listen! Did you know that the stocks are up?

（影片）小男孩：嘿！你知道股價上漲的事嗎？

Who are you playing?

你在扮演誰呀？

Girl: Uncle Khaled. Here, put on the headscarf.

女孩：哈立德叔叔。來吧，把頭巾戴上。

Khaled: Why would I want to put it on?

小男孩：我為什麼要戴它？

Girl: Do as you're told, young girl.

女孩(假裝是哈立德叔叔)：照我的話去做，年輕的女孩。

Boy: No, you play mom and I play dad. (Girl: But it's my game.)

男孩：不要，你扮媽媽，我來扮爸爸。 女孩：但這是我的遊戲。

Play by yourself then.

男孩：那你自己玩吧。

Girl: Women! One word and they get upset.

女孩(假裝是哈立德叔叔)：女人呀！才說一句，她們就不高興。

Useless.

真沒用。

Thank you. Thank you!

謝謝。謝謝！

(Applause)

♫ 掌聲 ♫

SM: Going back to straddling between East and West,

回到跨越東西方的議題上，

last month we had our second Doha Tribeca Film Festival

上個月我們在杜哈這裡舉辦了第二屆

here in Doha.

杜哈翠貝卡電影節。

The Doha Tribeca Film Festival

杜哈翠貝卡電影節

was held at our new cultural hub, Katara.

在我們新的文化樞紐 - 卡塔若 - 舉行。

It attracted 42,000 people,

它吸引了42,000人前來，

and we showcased 51 films.

我們展出了51部電影。

Now the Doha Tribeca Film Festival

它不是一個

is not an imported festival,

重要的電影節，

but rather an important festival

但對於紐約和杜哈

between the cities of New York and Doha.

兩個城市之間則是相當重要的電影節。

It's important for two things.

它所以重要是因為兩樣事情。

First, it allows us to showcase

第一，它讓我們得以

our Arab filmmakers and voices

將阿拉伯的電影製片者及阿拉伯的聲音，

to one of the most cosmopolitan cities in the world,

展示給最國際化的城市之一

New York City.

- 紐約市。

At the same time, we are inviting them

同時，我們邀請他們

to come and explore our part of the world.

前來探索我們的世界。

They're learning our culture, our language, our heritage

他們正在習知我們的文化、語言、傳統，

and realizing we're just as different

並意識到彼此

and just the same as each other.

不同及相同之處。

Now over and over again,

人們常

people have said, "Let's build bridges,"

掛在嘴巴上講：“讓我們建立溝通的橋樑吧，”

and frankly, I want to do more than that.

坦白說，我想做的不止是這樣。

I would like break the walls of ignorance

我想打破東、西方之間的

between East and West --

無明障

no, not the soft option that we have discussed before,

- 不，不是我們之前談過的那個比較輕鬆的工作，

but rather the soft power

而是

that Joseph Nye has spoken about before.

約瑟夫·奈爾之前提到過的軟實力。

Culture's a very important tool to bring people together.

文化是將人們團結起來的一個非常重要的工具。

We should not underestimate it.

我們不應低估它的力量。

"Know thyself,"

“了解真我”，

that is the journey of self-expression and self-realization

是自我表達和自我實現

that we are traveling.

的旅程。

Now I don't pretend to have all the answers,

我不裝作知道所有答案，

but I know that me as an individual

但我知道，我作為個人

and we as a nation

以及我們作為一個民族，

welcome this community

都歡迎這個

of ideas worth spreading.

意見得以傳揚的社會。

This is a very interesting journey.

這是趟很有趣的旅程。

I welcome you on board

歡迎大家

for us to engage and discuss new ideas

一同加入為我們致力及探討，

of how to bring people together

如何透過文化活動和意見交流，

through cultural initiatives and discussions.

將人們團結在一起的新概念。

Familiarity destroys and trumps fear. Try it.

熟悉摧毀並戰勝恐懼。試試看。

Ladies and gentlemen, thank you very much. Shokran.

女士及先生們，非常感謝你們的聆聽。謝謝大家。

(Applause)

（鼓掌）