Jacqueline Novogratz: Inspiring a life of immersion

47,894 views ・ 2011-02-18

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審譯者: Tracy Hong
00:15
I've been spending a lot of time
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到目前為止, 我花了很多時間
00:17
traveling around the world these days,
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遊歷世界每一個角落
00:19
talking to groups of students and professionals,
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跟許多學生和專業人士交談。
00:22
and everywhere I'm finding that I hear similar themes.
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在每一個地方我都會聽見類似的話題。
00:25
On the one hand, people say,
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一方面, 人們說,
00:27
"The time for change is now."
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"這一刻就是改造未來的機會。"
00:29
They want to be part of it.
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他們渴望成為動力的一分子。
00:31
They talk about wanting lives of purpose and greater meaning.
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表達出他們對豐盛人生之渴求。
00:34
But on the other hand,
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但在另一方面,
00:36
I hear people talking about fear,
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我聽見人們談論到憂慮,
00:38
a sense of risk-aversion.
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對冒險的反感。
00:40
They say, "I really want to follow a life of purpose,
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他們說, "我渴望追隨一個有意義的人生,
00:42
but I don't know where to start.
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但不知從何開始。
00:44
I don't want to disappoint my family or friends."
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我不想讓家人或朋友失望。"
00:47
I work in global poverty.
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我從事國際救貧工作。
00:49
And they say, "I want to work in global poverty,
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他們又說, "我有意參與國際救貧工作,
00:51
but what will it mean about my career?
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但這對我的事業有何影響?
00:53
Will I be marginalized?
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我會否被迫至社會邊緣?
00:55
Will I not make enough money?
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我的經濟能力許可嗎?
00:57
Will I never get married or have children?"
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婚姻和培育下一代的機會又怎樣呢?"
00:59
And as a woman who didn't get married until I was a lot older --
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由一個遲婚女人的角度來看 –
01:02
and I'm glad I waited --
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我欣然地不畏等待 –
01:04
(Laughter)
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「笑聲」
01:06
-- and has no children,
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– 而沒有孩子的我,
01:08
I look at these young people
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看著這一群年輕人
01:10
and I say, "Your job is not to be perfect.
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我說, "你的使命不是追求完美,
01:12
Your job is only to be human.
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你的使命只是做人。
01:14
And nothing important happens in life
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任何重大的人生歷程
01:17
without a cost."
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都難免要付出代價。"
01:20
These conversations really reflect what's happening
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這些交談真實地反映出
01:22
at the national and international level.
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地區性和國際性的社會狀況。
01:24
Our leaders and ourselves
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我們的領袖跟我們一樣
01:26
want everything,
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渴求着一切,
01:28
but we don't talk about the costs.
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但我們從不談到代價,
01:30
We don't talk about the sacrifice.
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我們從不談到犧牲。
01:33
One of my favorite quotes from literature
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一篇我最愛的文學
01:35
was written by Tillie Olsen,
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是來自蒂莉 • 奧晨,
01:37
the great American writer from the South.
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一位美國南部的優秀作家。
01:39
In a short story called "Oh Yes,"
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在短編小說《哦 是的》內,
01:42
she talks about a white woman in the 1950s
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她談到一位生於50年代的白人女子,
01:44
who has a daughter
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她的小女兒
01:46
who befriends a little African American girl,
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跟一個非洲裔的女孩結為好友。
01:49
and she looks at her child with a sense of pride,
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她看著小女兒而感到自豪,
01:52
but she also wonders,
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但也沉思,
01:54
what price will she pay?
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她須付出的代價有多大?
01:56
"Better immersion
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"沐浴於大度
01:58
than to live untouched."
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總比未嚐透的人生要好得多。"
02:00
But the real question is,
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但真正的問題是,
02:02
what is the cost of not daring?
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不願冒險的代價是什麼?
02:04
What is the cost of not trying?
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不作嘗試的代價又是什麼?
02:07
I've been so privileged in my life
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我生命中的榮幸
02:09
to know extraordinary leaders
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是認識到一群非凡領袖
02:11
who have chosen to live lives of immersion.
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全都選擇生活於大度之中。
02:14
One woman I knew who was a fellow
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在我管理的一個洛氏基金會中
02:16
at a program that I ran at the Rockefeller Foundation
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我認識一個女同伴
02:18
was named Ingrid Washinawatok.
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她的名字叫做英格烈 • 嬅絲娜雲苔。
02:20
She was a leader of the Menominee tribe,
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她是梅諾米尼部落的一個領袖,
02:23
a Native American peoples.
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帶領著一班美國土著人民。
02:25
And when we would gather as fellows,
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每當我們一起作伴,
02:27
she would push us to think about
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她會推動我們的思維去想一想
02:30
how the elders in Native American culture
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在美國土著文化裡的長老們
02:33
make decisions.
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是怎樣運籌決算。
02:35
And she said they would literally visualize
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她說他們會幻想出
02:37
the faces of children
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孩子的臉龐
02:39
for seven generations into the future,
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一路延續到未來的第七代,
02:41
looking at them from the Earth,
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從地球上遙望著他們。
02:44
and they would look at them, holding them as stewards
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長老會看著他們, 委任他們爲
02:46
for that future.
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新一代的管理人。
02:48
Ingrid understood that we are connected to each other,
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英格烈明白到我們命脈雙連,
02:50
not only as human beings,
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不單止於人與人之間,
02:52
but to every living thing on the planet.
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還有天下萬物。
02:55
And tragically, in 1999,
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可是, 悲慘之事在1999年發生
02:57
when she was in Colombia
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那年她在哥倫比亞
02:59
working with the U'wa people,
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跟雨娃部落的土著合作,
03:01
focused on preserving their culture and language,
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專注於保育當地文化及語言,
03:04
she and two colleagues were abducted
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她跟兩位同僚被綁架
03:06
and tortured and killed by the FARC.
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最後受到哥倫比亞革命軍的折磨及殺害。
03:10
And whenever we would gather the fellows after that,
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從此每當我們聚在一起,
03:13
we would leave a chair empty for her spirit.
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我們會留一張空椅子紀念她的精神。
03:16
And more than a decade later,
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十多年後,
03:19
when I talk to NGO fellows,
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每當我跟非政府組織的同伴傾談,
03:21
whether in Trenton, New Jersey or the office of the White House,
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不論在特倫頓, 新澤西州或是白宮的辦公室,
03:24
and we talk about Ingrid,
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當我們談到英格烈,
03:27
they all say that they're trying to integrate her wisdom
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每人都會提到怎樣聯繫她的智慧
03:29
and her spirit
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和她的精神
03:31
and really build on the unfulfilled work
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來建造那未完成的工作
03:34
of her life's mission.
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她一生中的使命。
03:36
And when we think about legacy,
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當我們想到遺志,
03:38
I can think of no more powerful one,
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我想不到什麼比這個更偉大,
03:40
despite how short her life was.
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儘管她那短暫的一生。
03:44
And I've been touched by Cambodian women --
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我亦曾被柬埔寨的婦女感動,
03:46
beautiful women,
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美麗的婦女,
03:48
women who held the tradition of the classical dance in Cambodia.
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致力地保存著柬埔寨傳統舞蹈。
03:51
And I met them in the early '90s.
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我於90年代初認識她們。
03:54
In the 1970s, under the Pol Pot regime,
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70年代中, 在波爾布特的獨權下,
03:56
the Khmer Rouge killed over a million people,
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赤柬時期內有過百萬人殄亡。
03:59
and they focused and targeted the elites and the intellectuals,
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他們的矛頭指向精英和知識份子,
04:02
the artists, the dancers.
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藝術家, 舞蹈家。
04:04
And at the end of the war,
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在干戈之後,
04:06
there were only 30 of these classical dancers still living.
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倖存的只有30位傳統舞蹈家。
04:09
And the women, who I was so privileged to meet
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我有幸認識到的婦女
04:12
when there were three survivors,
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是其中三位生還者,
04:14
told these stories about lying in their cots
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她們回憶起躺在窄床上
04:16
in the refugee camps.
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於難民營內。
04:18
They said they would try so hard
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她們形容各人設法
04:20
to remember the fragments of the dance,
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去回想舞蹈之點滴,
04:23
hoping that others were alive and doing the same.
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期望仍然活著的也一般地想。
04:26
And one woman stood there with this perfect carriage,
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其中一位擁有完美體態的婦人,
04:29
her hands at her side,
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她的手放置在兩旁,
04:31
and she talked about
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她訴說
04:33
the reunion of the 30 after the war
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戰後30年的團圓
04:35
and how extraordinary it was.
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是那麼的難以忘懷。
04:37
And these big tears fell down her face,
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她淚珠滿面,
04:39
but she never lifted her hands to move them.
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但她未有一次張手抹去。
04:42
And the women decided that they would train
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這些婦女決意指導,
04:45
not the next generation of girls, because they had grown too old already,
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不是下一代, 因她們已經成年,
04:48
but the next generation.
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而是尚年幼的一代。
04:50
And I sat there in the studio
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我坐於工作室中
04:52
watching these women clapping their hands --
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看著這些婦女拍著手掌 –
04:54
beautiful rhythms --
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美麗的拍子 –
04:56
as these little fairy pixies
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而這些小精靈
04:58
were dancing around them,
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圍繞著她們跳舞,
05:00
wearing these beautiful silk colors.
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穿著美麗和五彩賓紛的絲綢。
05:02
And I thought, after all this atrocity,
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我想, 經過了所有殘酷暴行,
05:05
this is how human beings really pray.
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這就是人們禱告的方法。
05:08
Because they're focused on honoring
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因為她們注視和尊敬
05:11
what is most beautiful about our past
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我們最美麗的過去
05:14
and building it into
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將它建立於
05:16
the promise of our future.
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我們對未來的誠諾。
05:18
And what these women understood
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這些婦女明白到
05:20
is sometimes the most important things that we do
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有時候我們做最重要的事
05:22
and that we spend our time on
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和我們花上最多的時間
05:24
are those things that we cannot measure.
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就是那些我們無法衡量的東西。
05:28
I also have been touched
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我也曾領教過,
05:30
by the dark side of power and leadership.
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強權跟領導層的黑暗。
05:33
And I have learned that power,
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我領悟到權力,
05:35
particularly in its absolute form,
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在激進極端的形態裏,
05:37
is an equal opportunity provider.
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是一個平等機會提供者。
05:40
In 1986, I moved to Rwanda,
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於1986年, 我搬到盧旺達,
05:42
and I worked with a very small group of Rwandan women
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我跟一班盧旺達婦女合作
05:45
to start that country's first microfinance bank.
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開設那國家的小額信貸銀行。
05:47
And one of the women was Agnes --
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其中一位婦人英家妮絲 –
05:50
there on your extreme left --
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屬於極端左派 –
05:52
she was one of the first three
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她是三位盧旺達國會女議員之中
05:54
women parliamentarians in Rwanda,
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的其中一位,
05:56
and her legacy should have been
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她的傳奇應當是
05:58
to be one of the mothers of Rwanda.
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成為其中一個盧旺達之母。
06:01
We built this institution based on social justice,
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我們建立社會正義架構,
06:03
gender equity,
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性別平等主義,
06:05
this idea of empowering women.
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女性賦權理念。
06:09
But Agnes cared more about the trappings of power
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但英家妮絲沈醉於權勢
06:12
than she did principle at the end.
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最終多於她的原則。
06:14
And though she had been part of building a liberal party,
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她雖曾幫助帶動自由黨,
06:17
a political party
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一個專注多元文化
06:19
that was focused on diversity and tolerance,
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和寬容主義的政黨,
06:22
about three months before the genocide, she switched parties
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在種族滅絕前三個月, 她轉了黨
06:24
and joined the extremist party, Hutu Power,
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加入一個激進政黨, 胡圖勢力,
06:27
and she became the Minister of Justice
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成為種族滅絕政權內
06:29
under the genocide regime
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的公義師政部長
06:31
and was known for inciting men to kill faster
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這勢力善於煽動男子殺人
06:34
and stop behaving like women.
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及輟止任何屬於女性化的行為。
06:36
She was convicted
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她被定罪
06:38
of category one crimes of genocide.
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於種族滅絕內的第一項罪行。
06:41
And I would visit her in the prisons,
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我會到監獄探望她,
06:44
sitting side-by-side, knees touching,
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一塊兒坐著, 膝頭碰膝頭,
06:47
and I would have to admit to myself
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我對自己承認
06:49
that monsters exist in all of us,
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我們的心魔,
06:52
but that maybe it's not monsters so much,
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可能不是惡魔,
06:54
but the broken parts of ourselves,
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而是破碎的自己,
06:57
sadnesses, secret shame,
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悲傷, 隱蔽著的羞恥,
07:00
and that ultimately it's easy for demagogues
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所以最終能容易地被煽動者
07:03
to prey on those parts,
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哺獵那些部位,
07:05
those fragments, if you will,
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那些碎片, 就這樣,
07:07
and to make us look at other beings, human beings,
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令其他人在我們眼中,
07:10
as lesser than ourselves --
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比我們自己渺小 –
07:13
and in the extreme, to do terrible things.
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被偏激圍繞著, 做出可怕的事。
07:16
And there is no group
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沒有一個群體
07:18
more vulnerable to those kinds of manipulations
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比其他人更脆弱地蒙受精神操縱
07:21
than young men.
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這一群就是年輕的男人。
07:23
I've heard it said that the most dangerous animal on the planet
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我曾聽說這星球上最危險的動物
07:26
is the adolescent male.
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是在青春期的男性。
07:28
And so in a gathering
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然而在一個聚會裏
07:30
where we're focused on women,
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當我們的焦點是女性,
07:32
while it is so critical that we invest in our girls
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那關鍵是投資在女孩子身上
07:35
and we even the playing field
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制做同等商機
07:37
and we find ways to honor them,
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找方法去表揚她們,
07:40
we have to remember that the girls and the women
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我們要記得女孩子和婦女
07:43
are most isolated and violated
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多受到孤立和冒犯
07:45
and victimized and made invisible
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成為看不見的受害者
07:47
in those very societies
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在某些社會裏
07:49
where our men and our boys
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當男人和男孩子
07:51
feel disempowered,
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感到無能爲力,
07:53
unable to provide.
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無法供養配給。
07:55
And that, when they sit on those street corners
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那樣, 當他們蹲在街角
07:58
and all they can think of in the future
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他們只可想到一個未來
08:00
is no job, no education,
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沒有工作, 沒有學歷,
08:02
no possibility,
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沒有遠景,
08:04
well then it's easy to understand
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那就可以容易理解
08:06
how the greatest source of status
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身分待遇的最大來源
08:08
can come from a uniform
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可來自一件制服
08:10
and a gun.
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和一枝槍。
08:12
Sometimes very small investments
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有時候很少的投資
08:14
can release enormous, infinite potential
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便可釋放巨大, 無限的潛能
08:16
that exists in all of us.
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於我們各人懷內。
08:18
One of the Acumen Fund fellows at my organization,
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我成立的機構內有一位雅決文基金之友,
08:20
Suraj Sudhakar,
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舒華子 • 舒達克加,
08:22
has what we call moral imagination --
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擁有一種道德想像 –
08:25
the ability to put yourself in another person's shoes
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一種置身處地的能力
08:27
and lead from that perspective.
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從那個角度受到帶動。
08:29
And he's been working with this young group of men
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他一直跟一班男生合作
08:33
who come from the largest slum in the world, Kibera.
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全都來自世界最大的貧民窟, 基貝拉。
08:36
And they're incredible guys.
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他們是優秀的男生。
08:38
And together they started a book club
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他們一起創辦書社
08:40
for a hundred people in the slums,
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跟貧民窟內的一百人,
08:42
and they're reading many TED authors and liking it.
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出於喜愛他們一起閱讀 TED 作家的作品。
08:45
And then they created a business plan competition.
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他們又創立商業計劃比賽。
08:48
Then they decided that they would do TEDx's.
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他們更決意參與 TEDx。
08:51
And I have learned so much
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我學會了很多
08:53
from Chris and Kevin
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由奇爾士和加芬
08:55
and Alex and Herbert
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亞力士和何百之
08:57
and all of these young men.
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還有這全班男生。
08:59
Alex, in some ways, said it best.
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亞力士, 用他的方法, 形容得最好。
09:01
He said, "We used to feel like nobodies,
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他說, "我們以前覺得自己是無名氏,
09:03
but now we feel like somebodies."
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但現在我們感到自己的存在。"
09:05
And I think we have it all wrong
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我想可能我們全都錯了
09:07
when we think that income is the link.
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我們以爲金錢收入是關鍵。
09:09
What we really yearn for as human beings
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其實我們人類最渴望的
09:11
is to be visible to each other.
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就是互相看到大家。
09:14
And the reason these young guys
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而這班男生告訴我
09:16
told me that they're doing these TEDx's
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他們之所以參與 TEDx
09:18
is because they were sick and tired
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是因為他們厭倦
09:20
of the only workshops coming to the slums
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在貧民窟中僅有的工作坊
09:23
being those workshops focused on HIV,
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全都把焦點放在愛滋病,
09:26
or at best, microfinance.
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最棒的也只是, 小額信貸。
09:28
And they wanted to celebrate
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他們希望可以表揚
09:30
what's beautiful about Kibera and Mathare --
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基貝拉和馬非亞的美麗 –
09:33
the photojournalists and the creatives,
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攝影記者和藝術文人,
09:35
the graffiti artists, the teachers and the entrepreneurs.
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街頭壁畫家, 老師和企業家。
09:38
And they're doing it.
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他們真的做到了。
09:40
And my hat's off to you in Kibera.
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我脫掉帽子對基貝拉你表示尊敬。
09:43
My own work focuses
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我的工作焦點是
09:45
on making philanthropy more effective
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讓慈善工作更有效
09:48
and capitalism more inclusive.
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令資本主義更包容。
09:51
At Acumen Fund, we take philanthropic resources
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在雅決文基金, 我們將慈善性資源
09:54
and we invest what we call patient capital --
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投資在命名為「耐心資本」之內 –
09:56
money that will invest in entrepreneurs who see the poor
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資金放在對貧窮另有見解的企業家身上,
09:59
not as passive recipients of charity,
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不視窮人爲接受施捨的被動者,
10:01
but as full-bodied agents of change
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而是社會變革的醇媒體
10:03
who want to solve their own problems
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一些希望解決自身問題
10:05
and make their own decisions.
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作出自我決定的人。
10:07
We leave our money for 10 to 15 years,
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我們將資金投放出去10~15年,
10:09
and when we get it back, we invest in other innovations
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收到回報後, 再投資去促進創新
10:11
that focus on change.
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將焦點放在社會變革。
10:13
I know it works.
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我知道這是行得通的。
10:15
We've invested more than 50 million dollars in 50 companies,
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我們已經將5千萬資金投放在50間公司。
10:18
and those companies have brought another 200 million dollars
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這些公司額外帶來2億回報
10:21
into these forgotten markets.
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投放於這些被遺忘的市場。
10:23
This year alone, they've delivered 40 million services
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這年, 它們履行了相等於4千萬的服務
10:26
like maternal health care and housing,
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例如醫療及房屋,
10:28
emergency services, solar energy,
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緊急服務, 太陽能,
10:31
so that people can have more dignity
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而使人們更有尊嚴
10:33
in solving their problems.
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去解決他們的問題。
10:36
Patient capital is uncomfortable
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無疑「耐心資本」可以引起不安
10:38
for people searching for simple solutions,
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尤其對一些尋求簡易答案,
10:40
easy categories,
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輕鬆類別的人來說,
10:42
because we don't see profit as a blunt instrument.
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因為我們不會將盈利視為鈍器。
10:45
But we find those entrepreneurs
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我們尋找的那些企業家
10:47
who put people and the planet
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是一些會將人和地球
10:49
before profit.
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放在盈利之上的人。
10:51
And ultimately, we want to be part of a movement
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最終, 我們希望成為社會變革的一分子
10:54
that is about measuring impact,
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去量度影響力,
10:56
measuring what is most important to us.
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去衡量對我們最重要的東西。
10:59
And my dream is we'll have a world one day
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我的夢想是有一天可以活在一個世界
11:02
where we don't just honor those who take money
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我們不單止會表揚那些運用金錢
11:04
and make more money from it,
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來製造更多金錢的人,
11:06
but we find those individuals who take our resources
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我們亦會將那些運用資源
11:09
and convert it into changing the world
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去改變世界的人
11:11
in the most positive ways.
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放在最正面的目光之中。
11:13
And it's only when we honor them
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因為只有當我們尊敬他們
11:15
and celebrate them and give them status
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表揚他們和給予他們地位
11:17
that the world will really change.
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這世界才會真正改變。
11:20
Last May I had this extraordinary 24-hour period
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去年五月我有這24小時難以置信的經歷
11:23
where I saw two visions of the world
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我看到兩個不同世界的景像
11:25
living side-by-side --
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並存在一起 –
11:27
one based on violence
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一個的基幹是暴力
11:29
and the other on transcendence.
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另一個是理性之升華。
11:31
I happened to be in Lahore, Pakistan
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我剛巧在拉合爾, 巴基斯坦
11:33
on the day that two mosques were attacked
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那天有兩間清真寺
11:35
by suicide bombers.
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被自殺式炸彈襲擊。
11:37
And the reason these mosques were attacked
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這些清真寺被襲原因
11:39
is because the people praying inside
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是因為在內禱告的人
11:41
were from a particular sect of Islam
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都是屬於伊斯蘭教支派
11:43
who fundamentalists don't believe are fully Muslim.
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基要派不相信他們是真正的穆斯林。
11:46
And not only did those suicide bombers
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那些自殺攻擊者不但
11:48
take a hundred lives,
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取掉了一百人的性命,
11:50
but they did more,
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他們還做得更多,
11:52
because they created more hatred, more rage, more fear
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因他們製造了更多憎恨, 更多怨憤, 更多恐懼
11:55
and certainly despair.
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當然還有絕望。
11:58
But less than 24 hours,
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在少於24小時內,
12:00
I was 13 miles away from those mosques,
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我已在那些清真寺的13里外,
12:03
visiting one of our Acumen investees,
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探望一位雅決文基金的投資人,
12:05
an incredible man, Jawad Aslam,
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一個非凡的男人, 沙華 • 亞士林,
12:07
who dares to live a life of immersion.
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他勇敢地活於大度之中。
12:10
Born and raised in Baltimore,
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土生土長於美國巴爾的摩,
12:12
he studied real estate, worked in commercial real estate,
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他主修房地產學, 曾在商業地產界工作,
12:15
and after 9/11 decided he was going to Pakistan to make a difference.
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9/11之後他決意到巴基斯坦幹一番作爲。
12:18
For two years, he hardly made any money, a tiny stipend,
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兩年之間, 他賺不到很多錢, 只有小小的資助,
12:21
but he apprenticed with this incredible housing developer
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一位非凡的地產商收了他爲徒
12:24
named Tasneem Saddiqui.
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名叫他思林 • 沙的基。
12:27
And he had a dream that he would build a housing community
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他的夢想是興建一個房屋社區
12:29
on this barren piece of land
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在這片荒蕪地帶
12:31
using patient capital,
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利用「耐心資本」,
12:33
but he continued to pay a price.
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然而他繼續要付出代價。
12:35
He stood on moral ground
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他站在道德的立場
12:37
and refused to pay bribes.
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拒絕貪污。
12:39
It took almost two years just to register the land.
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經過了兩年多才能為那片地註冊。
12:42
But I saw how the level of moral standard can rise
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我看到道德標準之可以提高
12:45
from one person's action.
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是源自一人的行為。
12:48
Today, 2,000 people live in 300 houses
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今天, 有2,000人生活於300間房子
12:51
in this beautiful community.
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在這美麗的社區。
12:53
And there's schools and clinics and shops.
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那裡有學校、診所和商店。
12:56
But there's only one mosque.
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但只有一間清真寺。
12:58
And so I asked Jawad,
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我問沙華,
13:00
"How do you guys navigate? This is a really diverse community.
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"你們怎樣導航? 這實在是一個多元文化的社區。
13:03
Who gets to use the mosque on Fridays?"
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在星期五誰人可用到清真寺?"
13:05
He said, "Long story.
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他說, "故事很長篇。
13:07
It was hard, it was a difficult road,
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十分艱辛, 一條很難走的路,
13:10
but ultimately the leaders of the community came together,
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但最終社區內的領袖們走在一起,
13:13
realizing we only have each other.
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意會到我們只有大家。
13:16
And we decided that we would elect
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我們決定進行選舉
13:18
the three most respected imams,
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三位最受尊敬的伊瑪目,
13:20
and those imams would take turns,
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當選的伊瑪目會調換,
13:22
they would rotate who would say Friday prayer.
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在星期五的禱告會輪流講道。
13:24
But the whole community,
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但整個社區,
13:26
all the different sects, including Shi'a and Sunni,
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所有教派, 包括什葉派和遜尼派,
13:29
would sit together and pray."
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都會一起坐著禱告。"
13:32
We need that kind of moral leadership and courage
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我們需要那種有道德的領導能力和勇氣
13:34
in our worlds.
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存在於世間。
13:36
We face huge issues as a world --
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我們一起在這世界面對著很大的難題 –
13:39
the financial crisis,
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金融風暴,
13:41
global warming
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全球暖化
13:43
and this growing sense of fear and otherness.
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這恐懼感覺及人與人之間的差異。
13:46
And every day we have a choice.
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每一天我們都有選擇。
13:49
We can take the easier road,
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我們可走捷徑,
13:51
the more cynical road,
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憤世嫉俗的路,
13:53
which is a road based on
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這條路是源自
13:55
sometimes dreams of a past that never really was,
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對未曾存在的過去之遐想,
13:58
a fear of each other,
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一種互相忌憚,
14:01
distancing and blame.
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保持距離和推卸責任,
14:03
Or we can take the much more difficult path
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或我們可走一條更加困難的路
14:06
of transformation, transcendence,
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就是蛻變, 理性之升華,
14:08
compassion and love,
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惻隱之心和愛心,
14:10
but also accountability and justice.
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還有責任感和正義。
14:14
I had the great honor
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我感到光榮
14:16
of working with the child psychologist Dr. Robert Coles,
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能夠跟兒童心理學家羅拔 • 高思博士合作
14:19
who stood up for change
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他在美國黑人民權運動期間
14:21
during the Civil Rights movement in the United States.
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曾經支持社會變革。
14:24
And he tells this incredible story
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他講到這一個故事
14:26
about working with a little six-year-old girl named Ruby Bridges,
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關於一個六歲小女孩名叫葫芘 • 畢狄士,
14:29
the first child to desegregate schools in the South --
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在南部廢止種族隔離學校的第一個孩子 –
14:32
in this case, New Orleans.
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這是在新奧爾良。
14:34
And he said that every day
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他說每天
14:36
this six-year-old, dressed in her beautiful dress,
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這六歲的, 穿著她美麗的裙子,
14:38
would walk with real grace
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步履優雅
14:40
through a phalanx of white people
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走進一個白人叢中
14:43
screaming angrily, calling her a monster,
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憤怒地尖叫著, 喊她為妖怪,
14:45
threatening to poison her --
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恐嚇會毒死她 –
14:47
distorted faces.
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扭曲的臉。
14:49
And every day he would watch her,
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他每天都會察看著她,
14:51
and it looked like she was talking to the people.
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見她彷彿在跟他人談話。
14:53
And he would say, "Ruby, what are you saying?"
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他會說, "葫芘, 你在說什麼?"
14:55
And she'd say, "I'm not talking."
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她會說, "我不曾講話。"
14:57
And finally he said, "Ruby, I see that you're talking.
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最後他說, "葫比, 我看到你講話。
14:59
What are you saying?"
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你在說什麼呢?"
15:01
And she said, "Dr. Coles, I am not talking;
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她説, "高思博士, 我沒有説話;
15:03
I'm praying."
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我在禱告。"
15:05
And he said, "Well, what are you praying?"
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他又說, "那好, 你在祈求什麼呢?"
15:08
And she said, "I'm praying, 'Father, forgive them,
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她說, "我祈求, 父親原諒他們
15:10
for they know not what they are doing.'"
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因他們不知自己在做什麼。"
15:13
At age six,
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才六歲,
15:15
this child was living a life of immersion,
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這小孩已活於大度之中,
15:18
and her family paid a price for it.
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她的家人因此而付出代價。
15:20
But she became part of history
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但她成為了歷史傳奇
15:22
and opened up this idea
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更開放了這個理念
15:24
that all of us should have access to education.
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任何人都有權接受教育。
15:29
My final story is about a young, beautiful man
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我最後講的故事是關於一個年輕, 美麗的男人
15:31
named Josephat Byaruhanga,
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名叫祖士發 • 比互亨加
15:33
who was another Acumen Fund fellow,
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他是另一位雅決文基金之友
15:35
who hails from Uganda, a farming community.
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他呼喚於烏干達, 一個農業社區
15:38
And we placed him in a company in Western Kenya,
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我們將他駐於肯尼亞之西,
15:41
just 200 miles away.
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只200里之外。
15:43
And he said to me at the end of his year,
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他在最後一年跟我說,
15:46
"Jacqueline, it was so humbling,
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"積奇蓮, 這真使人謙卑,
15:48
because I thought as a farmer and as an African
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因為我想我既為一個非洲農夫
15:51
I would understand how to transcend culture.
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我會明白到怎樣去令文化升華。
15:53
But especially when I was talking to the African women,
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但尤其當我跟非洲婦女談話,
15:56
I sometimes made these mistakes --
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我時常會犯錯 –
15:58
it was so hard for me to learn how to listen."
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要我學習聆聽真是很困難。"
16:00
And he said, "So I conclude that, in many ways,
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他又說, "所以我總括, 在多方面,
16:02
leadership is like a panicle of rice.
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領導才能就好像稻米穗。
16:05
Because at the height of the season,
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在節令高峯,
16:07
at the height of its powers,
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在它力量之巔,
16:09
it's beautiful, it's green, it nourishes the world,
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它是美麗的, 翠綠的, 滋養著世界,
16:12
it reaches to the heavens."
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它直達蒼天。"
16:14
And he said, "But right before the harvest,
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他又說, "但在收割之前,
16:17
it bends over
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它彎下來
16:19
with great gratitude and humility
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擁有無比謝意和謙遜
16:21
to touch the earth from where it came."
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去接觸著它來自的土壤。"
16:25
We need leaders.
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我們是需要領袖的。
16:27
We ourselves need to lead
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我們自己需要去引領
16:30
from a place that has the audacity
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由一個大膽的地方
16:32
to believe we can, ourselves,
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去相信自己能夠
16:34
extend the fundamental assumption
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伸延出一個基本臆說
16:36
that all men are created equal
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就是人人平等
16:39
to every man, woman and child on this planet.
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在這星球上的每一個男人, 女人和小孩。
16:42
And we need to have the humility to recognize
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我們要謙虛地承認
16:45
that we cannot do it alone.
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我們沒法獨自做得到。
16:48
Robert Kennedy once said
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羅伯特 • 甘迺迪曾說
16:50
that "few of us have the greatness to bend history itself,
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"我們沒有幾個人可以扭轉歷史,
16:53
but each of us can work
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但每一個人可以做到的
16:56
to change a small portion of events."
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是去改變一小部份的事情。
16:59
And it is in the total of all those acts
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然而就是那所有行動的總和
17:02
that the history of this generation will be written.
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能寫下這一代的歷史。"
17:05
Our lives are so short,
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我們的生命是多麼短暫,
17:08
and our time on this planet
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我們在這星球的時間
17:10
is so precious,
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是多麼保貴,
17:12
and all we have is each other.
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我們擁有的只有大家。
17:15
So may each of you
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因此願你每一位
17:17
live lives of immersion.
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都活於大度之中。
17:20
They won't necessarily be easy lives,
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雖生活未必會輕鬆,
17:23
but in the end, it is all that will sustain us.
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但到最後, 只有這樣才能支撐你我。
17:27
Thank you.
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謝謝。
17:29
(Applause)
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