Angelo Vermeulen: How to go to space, without having to go to space

譯者: Regina Chu 審譯者: 杏儀 歐陽

I am multidisciplinary.

我有多學科背景。

As a scientist, I've been a crew commander for a NASA Mars simulation last year,

身為科學家，去年在美國太空總署 我擔任火星模擬小組的隊長，

and as an artist, I create multicultural community art all over the planet.

身為藝術家，我在全球 創作多文化社群藝術。

And recently, I've actually been combining both.

最近，我將兩者結合。

But let me first talk a little more about that NASA mission.

但是首先讓我談一下 那個太空總署的任務。

This is the HI-SEAS program.

這是夏威夷太空探測類比模擬計畫，

HI-SEAS is a NASA-funded planetary surface analogue

由太空總署出資， 模擬火星行星表面，

on the Mauna Loa volcano in Hawaii,

在夏威夷的冒納羅亞火山區進行，

and it's a research program that is specifically designed

是一項研究計畫，特別設計

to study the effects of long-term isolation of small crews.

探討長期隔離對小群隊員的影響。

I lived in this dome for four months with a crew of six,

我與六位隊員 在這個圓屋裡住了四個月，

a very interesting experience, of course.

當然，非常有意思的經歷。

We did all kinds of research.

我們作了各式各樣的研究。

Our main research was actually a food study,

主要的研究其實是食品研究，

but apart from that food study --

但是除了食品研究，

developing a new food system for astronauts living in deep space --

還要開發一套新的食品系統 供住在外太空的太空人使用，

we also did all kinds of other research.

我們也作其它各種研究。

We did extra-vehicular activities, as you can see here,

我們也做艙外活動， 正如你們所見，

wearing mock-up space suits,

穿著全套的模擬太空裝，

but we also had our chores and lots of other stuff to do,

但我們也有日常瑣事， 以及很多其他事要做，

like questionnaires at the end of every day.

譬如，每天結束時的問答題。

Busy, busy work.

工作很繁忙。

Now, as you can imagine,

現在你大概可以想像，

it's quite challenging to live with just a small group of people

與這麼一小撮人 長期住在一個小小的空間裡

in a small space for a long time.

相當具挑戰性。

There's all kinds of psychological challenges:

有各式各樣的精神挑戰：

how to keep a team together in these circumstances;

在這些環境下 要怎麼保持團隊精神；

how to deal with the warping of time you start to sense

生活在這樣的環境下，

when you're living in these circumstances;

你的時間感開始扭曲時要怎麼辦；

sleep problems that arise; etc.

出現睡眠障礙怎麼辦，等等。

But also we learned a lot.

但是我們也學到很多。

I learned a lot about how individual crew members

我學到了很多關於實際上

actually cope with a situation like this;

每個隊員是如何面對像這樣的情況；

how you can keep a crew productive and happy,

如何保持團隊工作高效， 又能保持心情愉快，

for example, giving them a good deal of autonomy

譬如說， 讓他們有一定程度的自主權

is a good trick to do that;

是個不錯的方法；

and honestly, I learned a lot about leadership,

而且老實說， 我學到很多領導力方面知識，

because I was a crew commander.

因為我是隊長。

So doing this mission,

所以在這個項目中，

I really started thinking more deeply about our future in outer space.

我真的開始更深入思考 我們在外太空的未來。

We will venture into outer space, and we will start inhabiting outer space.

我們會冒險進入外太空， 我們也會開始住在外太空。

I have no doubt about it.

我對此一點都不懷疑。

It might take 50 years or it might take 500 years,

這件事可能還要再花 50 年甚或 500 年，

but it's going to happen nevertheless.

但是一定會實現。

So I came up with a new art project called Seeker.

所以我想出了一個新的藝術計畫， 叫探索者計劃。

And the Seeker project is actually challenging communities all over the world

探索者計畫其實是要 邀請全世界的社群

to come up with starship prototypes

挑戰構造星艦原型，

that re-envision human habitation and survival.

重新構想人類的居處及生存。

That's the core of the project.

那就是計畫的核心。

Now, one important thing:

有件很重要的事：

This is not a dystopian project.

這不是反烏托邦計畫。

This is not about, "Oh my God, the world is going wrong

這不是那種「天啊！這世界有問題，

and we have to escape because we need another future somewhere else."

我們得逃出去，因為我們需要 在其他地方找未來。」

No, no.

不，不是這樣。

The project is basically inviting people

這個計畫其實是邀請大家

to take a step away from earthbound constraints

從地球的框框限制中 退一步思考，

and, as such, reimagine our future.

重新構想我們的未來。

And it's really helpful, and it works really well,

這很有幫助，也很有用，

so that's really the important part of what we're doing.

因此這是我們行動中最重要的部分。

Now, in this project, I'm using a cocreation approach,

在這個計畫裡， 我用共同創作的方法，

which is a slightly different approach

這與你想像中許多藝術家 會選用的創作方式

from what you would expect from many artists.

有一點不同。

I'm essentially dropping a basic idea into a group, into a community,

我其實是將一個基本想法 分享給一個團體、社群，

people start gravitating to the idea,

大家開始受到這個想法的吸引，

and together, we shape and build the artwork.

然後我們一起合作 塑造建構藝術作品。

It's a little bit like termites, really.

這有點像白蟻，真的。

We just work together,

我們就是一起合作，

and even, for example, when architects visit what we're doing,

舉個例，甚至當建築師 來看我們在做什麼的時候，

sometimes they have a bit of a hard time understanding

有時候他們也搞不清楚

how we build without a master plan.

我們沒有設計總圖要怎麼蓋。

We always come up with these fantastic large-scale scupltures

我們總是想出很棒的大型模型

that actually we can also inhabit.

而且我們真的能住在裡面。

The first version was done in Belgium and Holland.

第一個版本在比利時及荷蘭完成。

It was built with a team of almost 50 people.

由一個將近 50 人的團隊建造。

This is the second iteration of that same project,

這是同一計畫的另一作品，

but in Slovenia, in a different country,

但這次是在斯洛維尼亞， 在不同的國家，

and the new group was like, we're going to do the architecture differently.

這個新團隊說， 我們要做完全不同的模型。

So they took away the architecture, they kept the base of the artwork,

所以他們拆了原來的模型， 只留下作品的基座，

and they built an entirely new,

然後他們在上面做一個

全新、更具生物型態的模型。

much more biomorphic architecture on top of that.

And that's another crucial part of the project.

這是計畫的另一重要部分。

It's an evolving artwork, evolving architecture.

藝術作品會進化，模型會進化。

This was the last version that was just presented a few weeks ago in Holland,

這個最新版本 幾個星期前才在荷蘭發表，

which was using caravans as modules to build a starship.

以露營拖車為組件造出的星艦。

We bought some second-hand caravans,

我們買了一些二手露營拖車，

cut them open,

切開，

and reassembled them into a starship.

重組成一艘星艦。

Now, when we're thinking about starships,

當我們在想如何造星艦時，

we're not just approaching it as a technological challenge.

我們不只把它視為科技上的挑戰。

We're really looking at it as a combination of three systems:

我們把它看成三位一體的結合：

ecology, people and technology.

生態、人、科技。

So there's always a strong ecological component in the project.

所以在這項計畫中 總是有很強的生態要素。

Here you can see aquaponic systems

這裡你們看到的是魚菜共生系統，

that are actually surrounding the astronauts,

真正與太空人同在，

so they're constantly in contact with part of the food that they're eating.

所以他們持續接觸他們所吃的食物。

Now, a very typical thing for this project

在這個計畫很常見的是，

is that we run our own isolation missions inside these art and design projects.

我們在這些藝術設計作品中 執行自己的隔離任務。

We actually lock ourselves up for multiple days on end,

我們會連續好幾天把自己關在裡面，

and test what we build.

試試我們所造的東西是否合用。

And this is, for example,

舉個例，

on the right hand side you can see an isolation mission

右手邊的這個就是一個隔離任務，

in the Museum of Modern Art in Ljubljana in Slovenia,

位於斯洛維尼亞的 盧比安納現代藝術博物館，

where six artists and designers locked themselves up --

六位藝術家及設計家 把自己關在那裡，

I was part of that --

我也是其中之一，

for four days inside the museum.

在博物館內關四天。

And, of course, obviously, this is a very performative

當然，顯然這對我們來說

and very strong experience for all of us.

是一種非常考驗性能、 也是相當強烈的體驗。

Now, the next version of the project is currently being developed

計畫的下一個版本 現在正在研發，

together with Camilo Rodriguez-Beltran, who is also a TED Fellow,

與卡密羅·羅德里奎茲貝爾川合作， 他也是 TED 研究會員，

in the Atacama Desert in Chile, a magical place.

地點在智利的亞他加馬沙漠， 一個神秘的地方。

First of all, it's really considered a Mars analogue.

首先，這個地方被認為 的確可以模擬火星。

It really does look like Mars in certain locations

某些地方看起來的確很像火星，

and has been used by NASA to test equipment.

太空總署也在那裡測試裝備。

And it has a long history of being connected to space

那裡也因觀星活動

有著與太空接觸的悠久歷史。

through observations of the stars.

It's now home to ALMA,

它現在是大型的望遠鏡 「阿爾馬」的所在地，

the large telescope that's being developed there.

「阿爾馬」正在那裡興建。

But also, it's the driest location on the planet,

但這也是地球上最乾燥的地方，

and that makes it extremely interesting to build our project,

所以在那裡進行我們的計畫 就極有意思了。

because suddenly, sustainability is something we have to explore fully.

因為忽然間， 我們需要充分探討永續性。

We have no other option,

我們沒有其它的選擇，

so I'm very curious to see what's going to happen.

所以我很好奇想看會發生什麼事。

Now, a specific thing for this particular version of the project

這個計畫有個很特殊的事項，

is that I'm very interested to see

我很有興趣想看到

how we can connect with the local population,

我們如何與當地居民溝通，

the native population.

也就是原住民族群。

These people have been living there for a very long time

他們在那裡住了很久，

and can be considered experts in sustainability,

可說是永續性問題的專家。

and so I'm very interested to see what we can learn from them,

我很想知道我們 能從他們身上學到什麼，

and have an input of indigenous knowledge into space exploration.

將原住民知識注入太空探險中。

So we're trying to redefine how we look at our future in outer space

我們試著重新定義 如何看待我們在外太空的未來，

by exploring integration, biology, technology and people;

通過探索生物、科技及人類的整合；

by using a cocreation approach;

通過共同創造的方法；

and by using and exploring local traditions

並通過運用及探索本土傳統方法，

and to see how we can learn from the past and integrate that into our deep future.

來看我們如何從過去學習， 並整合貢獻給我們遙遠的未來。

Thank you.

謝謝。

(Applause)

（掌聲）