Stand with Ukraine in the Fight against Evil | Garry Kasparov | TED

翻译人员: Yue Zhang 校对人员: Yan Li Xiao

Five years ago,

五年前，

I was on this stage

我在 TED 演讲台上

to talk about the relationships between humans and machines.

讨论人与机器的关系。

Today, I'm here to talk only about the relationships between humans.

今天，我要谈谈人与人的关系。

I regularly say

在提及

in my lectures on artificial intelligence

人工智能的演讲里，

that humans will always have a monopoly on evil.

我常说人类一直是万恶之源。

It's not a threat,

这并非危言耸听，

just a reminder that people choose.

而是提醒人们有选择的能力。

We are not algorithms.

我们并非算法。

We are not bound by code or commandments or laws or treaties.

我们不被代码、指令、 定律和条令所控。

We have them.

我们有它们，

But we choose.

但我们有选择。

So let us talk now about the choices we make.

来谈谈我们做出的选择吧。

About things in black and white.

谈谈黑与白。

About Russia's war on Ukraine.

谈谈俄乌战争。

And about good and evil.

谈谈善与恶。

My life experience prepared me to identify evil at an early age.

生活经验让我在很小的时候

就知道什么是邪恶。

Not my life as the chess player.

这儿的经验指的不是下国际象棋，

Not even as the youngest world champion in history.

也不是成为最年轻的 国际象棋世界冠军。

No.

不。

My relevant experience is where I was born and raised,

我指的是我出生 和长大的地方——苏联，

in what Ronald Reagan accurately called the “evil empire,”

即罗纳德·里根 （第 40 任美国总统）所说的，

the USSR.

“邪恶帝国”。

As a young star in the chess-crazed Soviet Union in the ’70s and ’80s,

苏联 70、80 年代国际象棋风靡，

作为这时期的新星，

I had many privileges my compatriots did not.

我有许多同胞们没有的特权。

I could travel to the West outside of the Iron Curtain,

可以去铁幕（指原东欧共产主义国家 与欧洲其他国家之间的分界线）之外的西方，

where it was obvious to me very quickly

很快我意识到

that they were the free world and we were not,

不论苏联共产党怎么宣传

despite what communist propaganda told us.

那儿的世界是自由的，苏联不是的。

I eventually got into trouble for sharing these views.

我最终因散播这种观点而惹上麻烦。

What late American civil rights hero and Congressman John Lewis

但这是约翰·刘易斯 （John Lewis）—— 美国民权英雄和国会议员

would have called “good trouble.”

所说的“好的麻烦”。

My criticism of the Soviet system

我对苏联制度的批判

and my praise for America was bad enough.

和对美国的赞扬已经够“糟”了，

But it was even worse because where it was published.

但发表在这份杂志让情况更糟。

[“Playboy” Interview: Garry Kasparov]

[《花花公子》采访： 加里·卡斯帕罗夫（讲者本人）]

(Laughter)

（笑声）

My comments were almost as [much of] a scandal

1989 年《花花公子》 展示了苏联影星

纳塔利娅·内戈达 （Natalya Negoda）的裸照，

as Soviet movie star Natalya Negoda’s nude photos in “Playboy” in the same year.

同年我的言论 也几乎成了同级别的丑闻。

I felt I had to speak out

在戈尔巴乔夫（最后一任 苏联总统）摇摇欲坠的帝国中，

to use my fame to push the envelope of free speech

我认为自己需要发声

in Gorbachev's collapsing empire.

来借我的声誉来推动言论自由。

The next year, in October 1990,

下一年，即 1990 年 10 月，

in my world championship match against Anatoly Karpov in New York City,

在纽约和阿纳托利·卡尔波夫的 国际象棋世界冠军争夺赛中，

I refused to play under Soviet hammer and sickle

我拒绝作为苏联选手参赛，

and demanded to play under Russian flag.

并要求被视作俄罗斯棋手。

The USSR staggered on for another year

此后苏联又挣扎着存活了一年，

until it disintegrated on Christmas Day, 1991.

最终在 1991 年的圣诞解体。

Oh, what a great moment in world history.

这是世界历史上如此伟大的时刻。

How we celebrated,

我们欢欣庆祝，

the evil empire had fallen, the future looked bright.

邪恶的帝国终于倒塌，未来一片光明。

And yet, eight years later, on December 31, 1999,

然而 8 年后 1999 年 12 月 31 日，

a former lieutenant colonel of the KGB became the president of Russia.

KGB（苏联国家安全委员会 为情报机构）的前少校普京

His name was Vladimir Putin.

当选俄罗斯总统。

How this happened

这一结果背后是

is a long, painful story.

漫长痛苦的故事。

And in fact, I wrote a book about it in 2015 called "Winter is Coming."

其实 2015 年我就写了《凛冬将至》 （Winter is Coming）一书。

Not an original title, I have to admit.

书名确实并非原创（《权力的游戏》 剧中多次出现台词 “Winter is Coming”）

(Laughter)

（笑声）

But I'm a fan of "Game of Thrones."

但我是《权力的游戏》的粉丝。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

And also I felt it was appropriate because it was a warning.

我认为这警醒人们 的书名用得挺合适。

The subtitle was more important:

副标题甚至更重要：

"Why Vladimir Putin and the Enemies of the Free World Must Be Stopped."

“为何普京和自由世界 的敌人必须被阻止。”

The publisher, by the way, didn't like it.

对了 出版商并不喜欢这句话。

"Enemies."

“敌人。”

It's too harsh.

太刺耳了。

Sounded like Cold War.

仿佛身处冷战。

"Absolutely," I said.

我说：“正是如此。”

"Cold War because winter is coming."

“凛冬将至，冷战将至。”

(Laughter)

（笑声）

Well, here we are, 17 years later.

现在已经是 17 年后了。

And if I wrote a sequel,

如果我出续集，

it would be called “Winter Is Here.”

书名一定是《凛冬已至》。

And the subtitle would be "I Bleeping Told You So."

副标题则是“早跟你说了”。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

Actually, my first article of warning

2001 年 1 月 4 日， 我在《华尔街日报》

was published in “The Wall Street Journal”

发表了第一篇

on January 4, 2001.

警醒人们的文章。

I saw evil because I heard evil.

我看过、听过邪恶。

Putin was telling us what he was.

普京清楚地告诉我们他是怎样的人。

All we had to do was listen.

我们只需要听。

When Putin said that there was no such thing as a former KGB agent,

当普京否认曾为 KGB （苏联情报机构）效力，

I knew Russia's fragile democracy was in danger.

我就知道俄罗斯脆弱的民主危在旦夕。

When Putin said that the collapse of the Soviet Union

当普京表示苏联解体是 20 世纪

was the greatest geopolitical catastrophe of the 20th century,

最大的地缘政治灾难，

I knew Russia’s newly independent neighbors were at risk.

我就明白俄罗斯 新独立的邻国处境危险。

And when Putin talked at the Munich Security Conference in 2007

当普京在 2007 年 慕尼黑安全会议说

about a return to spheres of influence,

要重回势力范围说话的时代，

I knew he was ready to launch his plan.

我就清楚他准备好启动计划了。

It was the language from the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, 1939.

“势力范围”是 1939 年 《苏德互不侵犯条约》中的用语。

The language Hitler and Stalin used to divide Europe.

希特勒和斯大林分裂欧洲的用语 （该条约导致波兰被瓜分）。

And a year later, in 2008,

会议后一年， 2008 年，

Putin invaded the Republic of Georgia.

俄格（格鲁吉亚）战争爆发。

2014, Ukraine.

2014 年，普京入侵乌克兰。

It's a paradox, isn't it?

很矛盾，对吧？

Dictators lie about everything they have done,

独裁者对其所作所为谎话连篇，

but often they tell us exactly what they're going to do.

却总把他们的下一步公之于众。

Just listen.

仔细听。

Anyone who is surprised at Putin's war crimes in Ukraine

从 20 多年前格罗兹尼的 第二次车臣战争开始，

must not be aware about his long record,

普京就是个战争犯。

beginning with the Second Chechen War in Grozny more than two decades ago.

但凡了解他长期历史的人

Vladimir Putin has been a war criminal from the start.

都不会对普京在乌克兰 犯下的战争罪感到惊讶。

So in 2005, still being ranked number one,

所以 2005 年，即便我仍是 国际象棋等级分排名世界第一，

I retired from professional chess

也决定从专业比赛中退役，

to form a pro-democracy, anti-Putin movement in Russia.

开始在俄国组织支持民主、 反对普京的运动。

As you could see, it didn't go so well.

如你们所见，这很艰难。

But it was not about winning or losing.

但这无关输赢。

I knew it was my moral duty

我有道德义务

in keeping with the slogan of Soviet dissidents:

遵守苏联异议人士所相信的

"Do what you must and so be it."

“竭尽所能，再顺其自然。”

Ah, my friends and critics both kept telling me,

无论是支持还是反对我的人都说：

"Gary, you are a chess player, you're not a politician.

“加里，你是个象棋手，不是政治家。

This is not chess.

你所奋斗的与象棋无关。

You see everything in black and white.

你总是非黑即白。

Politics are gray.

但政治有灰色地带。

You have to compromise."

你必须妥协。”

Really?

妥协？

Those who peacefully marched with me for free Russia

和我一起努力解放俄国， 和平游行的人们

are either in exile, like me.

要么和我一样流亡在外，

Or in jail, like Alexei Navalny.

要么和阿列克谢·纳瓦尔尼 （Alexei Navalny） （俄罗斯反对党领袖）一样身处牢房。

Or even murdered like Boris Nemtsov.

甚至要么像鲍里斯·涅姆佐夫 （Boris Nemtsov） （俄前副总理 2015 年遇刺）一样被杀害。

Compromise?

妥协？

Not black and white?

向灰色地带？

Are you sure?

真的？

Compromise with this?

对这种情况让步？

You cannot look at the images from Ukraine in recent weeks

看看乌克兰近几周的照片

and say there is no pure evil.

难道这还不是纯粹的恶？

Mariupol destroyed, Bucha slaughtered,

马里乌波尔被毁， 布查平民被屠杀，

Kramatorsk train station massacred.

克拉马托尔斯克火车站遇袭。

And worse is yet to come.

还会有更糟的惨案发生。

And these horrors are not from Poland in 1945.

这场危机波及的不是 1945 年的波兰 （苏联 1939 年入侵、1945 年占领波兰 ）。

Not from Rwanda in 1994.

不是 1994 年的卢旺达 （100 万人死于卢旺达种族大屠杀）。

Not Aleppo 2016.

不是 2016 年的阿勒颇 （16 年叙利亚的阿勒颇战役结束）。

This is Europe this week.

此次危机事关欧洲。

How could this happen?

这一切怎会发生呢？

How did we forget what evil can do?

我们怎会忘记邪恶的权势？

-

We have lost the generation that saw World War II firsthand.

诸多亲身经历过二战的人们已然逝去。

Otherwise we reserve absolute evil for fiction.

如今绝对的恶仅存于小说里。

In fables, they believe in true evil.

纯粹的恶在《圣经》里有所描绘。

Good is harder to define.

善却难以定义。

There is no pure good.

世上没有完全的善。

If anyone says they know what pure good is,

若有人说他们了解完全的善，

it's probably evil.

可能是胡说八道。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

In fantasy tales of hobbits and elves and dwarves,

《霍比特人》讲述了 精灵和矮人的故事，

there was an idea that good comes in different forms and shapes,

阐释了善多式多样，

often in conflict.

彼此常有冲突的道理。

But they had to be united when facing absolute evil.

但邪恶面， 各种各样的善必须团结一致。

Good will disagree.

善拥抱不同。

Evil says, "No more disagreements ever."

恶扼杀不同的声音。

That was life in real Mordor, the Soviet Union.

苏联就是现实中充斥着恶的魔多 （《霍比特人》中反派索伦的领地）。

That's what Putin wants for Russia and the world.

而普京想把俄国和世界都变成魔多。

We celebrated the end of the Cold War, but for too long,

我们欢庆冷战结束，但雀跃太久，

we forgot that evil doesn’t die.

导致我们忘了恶会卷土重来。

It can be buried for a while under the rubble of the Berlin Wall,

柏林墙倒塌的废墟能困住恶一时，

but it grows back through the cracks of our apathy.

却因我们的淡漠无法困其一世。

We called it diplomacy

当普京犯下罪行

when Putin was embraced by the leaders of the free world

仍被自由世界的领导者接纳时，

as equal despite his crimes.

我们视其为外交手段。

We called it engagement

当我们花数万亿美元购买俄国油气

when we bought trillions of dollars in Russian oil and gas,

帮普京打造警察国家（以人民福祉为由， 不惜侵犯个人自由）和军队时，

money that built Putin's police state and his war machine.

我们称其为交流。

Let us call these things what they are:

是时候直面这些行径的本质了：

it was appeasement, it was collaboration.

它们是靖绥政策，是合作。

These days, we prefer to focus on domestic issues.

当今世界， 我们更愿意关注国内议题。

We argue about the past,

争论史实，

we fantasize about the future

畅想未来，

while ignoring the present.

却忽视今朝。

Once the move is made

覆水难收。

you cannot change it.

Acknowledge the wrongdoings of the past,

承认过去犯的错误，

but do not pretend it can be fixed.

但别假装有补救手段。

It's the present that must be fixed.

该解决的是眼前的问题。

The heroes of the past were far from perfect.

历史的英雄并非完人，

But the world we live in is better because of them.

却给了我们一个更好的世界。

We too cannot be perfect.

我们同样不是圣贤。

But we must always try to be better.

但必须努力变得更好。

As a chess player,

我知道作为一名棋手，

I know that strategy is the future impact of present decisions.

策略是要考虑 当前决定对未来的影响。

However grand our plans are for two, five, even ten moves ahead,

尽管可以制定提前两步， 五步，甚至十步的计划，

it's the move that we make now that determines that future.

此刻采取的策略才能决定未来。

Ukraine is now on the front line of the war,

自由对抗专制的全球战役已经打响，

global war of freedom against tyranny.

乌克兰正处于战争前线。

The war the free world didn't want to admit existed.

自由世界的国家想对 这场早已不容忽视的战争

It cannot be ignored any longer.

视而不见。

Brave Ukrainians

与此同时，英勇的乌克兰人民

are fighting like hell and dying right now

在竭力奋战，战死沙场，

to remind us not to take liberty for granted.

提醒我们，自由来之不易。

Putin,

普京，

like every dictator before him,

像史上每个暴君一样，

underestimated the free will of free people.

都小看了自由人民的自由意志。

They deserve every weapon,

乌克兰人民不仅在 争取完整自由的国家，

every resource

还在为我们浴血奋战，

to win this war.

为赢得这场战争。

Because they're fighting for us.

乌克兰人民理应获得所需的

Not only for the whole and free Ukraine.

每一件武器，每一份资源。

Everyone who told me a decade ago I was wrong,

十年前认为我痴人说梦的所有人，

now is telling I'm right.

现在都承认我是对的。

Unfortunately.

多么不幸。

But we're still repeating the same mistakes

然而我们依旧重蹈覆辙

of thinking that we can muddle through

幻想无需风险，无需战队

without taking risks, without taking a stand.

就能蒙混过关。

The price of stopping a dictator always goes up with every delay,

每犹豫拖延一秒，阻止独裁者的代价

every hesitation.

就越大。

Meeting evil halfway,

向恶妥协，

it's still a victory for evil.

恶就是赢家。

Evil tempts us with our weakness,

我们的弱点是

with our desire for comfort, being comfortable,

喜欢安逸，舒适， 谨慎，理智和文明。

cautious, rational, civilized.

恶以此诱惑我们。

What kind of civilization [are we] fighting for,

若允许战争罪和种族屠杀再次发生，

if we allow war crimes and genocide again?

怎么能说我们在为文明奋战呢？

What kind of world are we leaving for our children and grandchildren

若只关注过去和未来，

if we only talk of the past and the future

却忽视现今的杀戮苦痛的话，

while ignoring murder and misery in the present?

我们的后代将生活在怎样的世界里呢？

This is not chess.

这不是黑棋与白旗

This is not a battle between opposite colors,

在国际象棋中的厮杀，

but of opposite values.

而是自由，生命，爱

Freedom, life and love

对抗暴政，死亡，仇恨。

versus tyranny, death and hatred.

不同价值观的较量。

This is not chess.

这不是国际象棋的黑白棋。

But sometimes things are black and white.

但有时事情就是非黑即白的。

Sometimes you have to fight for what you believe.

若不为自己的信念而战

Or you lose it.

就会失去。

This is not chess.

这不是国际象棋。

There are no draws, no compromises in our battle with true evil.

善恶之争没有和棋、妥协的局面。

It's win or lose.

只有输赢。

And so we must fight.

所以我们必须战斗。

And so we must win.

必须获胜。

(Ukrainian) Slava Ukraini!

Slava Ukraini! （乌克兰语的“荣耀归于乌克兰”）

Glory to Ukraine.

荣耀归于乌克兰。

Glory to freedom.

荣耀归于自由。

Thank you.

谢谢。

(Applause)

（掌声）