Robert Swan: Let's save the last pristine continent

87,484 views ・ 2015-01-13

TED


请双击下面的英文字幕来播放视频。

翻译人员: Xiaoou Chen 校对人员: Wei Wu
00:12
Let's go south.
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让我们向南去
00:16
All of you are actually going south.
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你们所有人实际上正在向南
00:22
This is the direction of south, this way,
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这个是向南的方向
00:27
and if you go 8,000 kilometers out of the back of this room,
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如果你朝这个房间后面走8000公里
00:33
you will come to as far south as you can go anywhere on Earth,
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你将会走到你能在地球上到达的最南端
00:38
the Pole itself.
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南极点
00:41
Now, I am not an explorer.
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现在,我不是一个探险家
00:45
I'm not an environmentalist.
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我也不是一个环境学家
00:48
I'm actually just a survivor,
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我实际上只是一个幸存者
00:52
and these photographs that I'm showing you here are dangerous.
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我现在展示给你们的图片很危险
00:57
They are the ice melt of the South and North Poles.
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它们是南极和北极融化的冰雪
01:03
And ladies and gentlemen,
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女士们先生们
01:05
we need to listen to what these places are telling us,
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我们需要倾听这些地方正在告诉我们的话
01:11
and if we don't, we will end up with our own survival situation
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如果我们不这样做,我们将会在地球上
01:18
here on planet Earth.
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严峻的生存情形面前死亡。
01:21
I have faced head-on these places,
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我曾亲眼见过这些地方,
01:27
and to walk across a melting ocean of ice
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走在融化海洋冰面上
01:32
is without doubt the most frightening thing
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无疑是我所做过的
01:35
that's ever happened to me.
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最惊险的事情。
01:39
Antarctica is such a hopeful place.
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南极是一个充满希望的地方。
01:45
It is protected by the Antarctic Treaty, signed in 1959.
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南极被 1959 年所签署的南极条约保护着。
01:52
In 1991, a 50-year agreement was entered into
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在 1991 年,一个 50 年条约被签署实施
01:59
that stops any exploitation in Antarctica,
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禁止一切对南极的开发利用,
02:04
and this agreement could be altered,
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但是从 2041 年开始
02:09
changed, modified, or even abandoned
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这个条约就可以被
02:15
starting in the year 2041.
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修改,变换,改进,甚至是被摒弃。
02:21
Ladies and gentlemen,
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女士们先生们,
02:24
people already far up north from here in the Arctic
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远在北极的人们
02:30
are already taking advantage
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已经开始利用
02:33
of this ice melt,
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冰在融化的这个优势,
02:37
taking out resources from areas already that have been covered in ice
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将埋在冰下
02:43
for the last 10, 20, 30,000,
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有成千上万年的
02:46
100,000 years.
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资源开采出来。
02:50
Can they not join the dots
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难道他们不能和其他人一样
02:53
and think, "Why is the ice actually melting?"
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想一想:“为什么冰正在融化呢?”
02:59
This is such an amazing place,
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南极,这是一个充满神奇的地方,
03:03
the Antarctic, and I have worked hard
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在过去的 23 年里,我一直都
03:07
for the last 23 years on this mission
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非常努力的工作
03:12
to make sure that what's happening up here in the North
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以确保在北极所发生的事情
03:16
does never happen, cannot happen in the South.
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绝不会发生在南极。
03:21
Where did this all begin?
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这该从何说起呢?
03:23
It began for me at the age of 11.
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故事从我 11 岁时开始。
03:26
Check out that haircut. It's a bit odd. (Laughter)
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看看我当时的发型是不是有点奇怪。(笑声)
03:29
And at the age of 11, I was inspired by the real explorers
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在 11 岁之际,我被真正的探险家所打动
03:34
to want to try to be the first to walk to both Poles.
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我想成为第一个走过南极和北极的人。
03:39
I found it incredibly inspiring
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这个想法真的是非常的鼓舞人心,
03:43
that the idea of becoming a polar traveler
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成为极地旅行者的想法
03:47
went down pretty well with girls at parties when I was at university.
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在大学的派对里非常受到女生的欢迎。
03:51
That was a bit more inspiring.
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这样一来就更加令我振奋。
03:53
And after years, seven years of fundraising,
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经过足足七年的筹资,
03:57
seven years of being told no,
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连续七年的被反对,
04:00
seven years of being told by my family to seek counseling
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连续七年的被家人劝说
04:06
and psychiatric help,
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去接受心理治疗,
04:10
eventually three of us found ourselves marching to the South Geographic Pole
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最终我们其中三个人实现梦想, 在无人协助的情况下
04:16
on the longest unassisted march ever made anywhere on Earth in history.
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完成了有史以来在南极最长旅行。
04:22
In this photograph, we are standing in an area
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在张照片里,我们站在一个和
04:25
the size of the United States of America,
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美国一样大小的地方,
04:29
and we're on our own.
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而且只有我们。
04:30
We have no radio communications, no backup.
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我们没有电子通讯设备,没有后方补给。
04:34
Beneath our feet, 90 percent of all the world's ice,
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在我们脚下,是全世界 90% 的冰,
04:42
70 percent of all the world's fresh water.
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全世界 70% 的淡水资源。
04:46
We're standing on it.
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我们就站在它上面。
04:48
This is the power of Antarctica.
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这就是南极的魅力。
04:52
On this journey, we faced the danger of crevasses,
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在这个路途中,我们面对着冰隙的危险
04:56
intense cold,
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严峻寒冷,
04:58
so cold that sweat turns to ice inside your clothing,
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冷到你身上出的汗在衣服里结成冰,
05:04
your teeth can crack,
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你的牙齿碎裂,
05:05
water can freeze in your eyes.
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水在你的眼睛里结冰。
05:07
Let's just say it's a bit chilly. (Laughter)
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说真的那里实在有点冷。(笑声)
05:11
And after 70 desperate days, we arrive at the South Pole.
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在 70 天的孤注一掷后 我们到达了南极点。
05:15
We had done it.
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我们做到了。
05:16
But something happened to me on that 70-day journey in 1986
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但是在 1986 年的那 70 天里 所发生的事情
05:22
that brought me here, and it hurt.
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让我来到这里,而且那件事非常伤人。
05:25
My eyes changed color in 70 days through damage.
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我们眼睛在 70 天里受到损伤, 改变了颜色。
05:30
Our faces blistered out.
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我们的脸起满了水饱。
05:32
The skin ripped off and we wondered why.
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皮肤被撕下,我们却不知道为什么。
05:37
And when we got home, we were told by NASA
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当我们回家后,NASA 告诉我们,
05:41
that a hole in the ozone had been discovered
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在南极上方
05:44
above the South Pole,
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发现了臭氧层的漏洞,
05:45
and we'd walked underneath it the same year it had been discovered.
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在它被发现的那年,我们就走它下面。
05:50
Ultraviolet rays down, hit the ice, bounced back, fried out the eyes,
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紫外线射到冰上,反射回来, 烧坏了我们的眼睛,
05:56
ripped off our faces.
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撕裂了我们的脸。
06:00
It was a bit of a shock -- (Laughter) --
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这确实够震惊的(笑声)
06:03
and it started me thinking.
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这样我开始思考。
06:06
In 1989, we now head north.
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在 1989 年,我们向北进军。
06:10
Sixty days, every step away from the safety of land
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在 60 天里,我们离开安全的陆地,
06:14
across a frozen ocean.
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穿越冰封的海洋。
06:16
It was desperately cold again.
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那一次又是冷人绝望的寒冷。
06:18
Here's me coming in from washing naked at -60 Celsius.
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这是我, 裸身在 -60 摄氏度洗澡回来。
06:25
And if anybody ever says to you, "I am cold" -- (Laughter) --
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所以,如果任何人和你说: “我很冷”(笑声)
06:30
if they look like this, they are cold, definitely.
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如果他们看上去是这个样子, 他们绝对很冷。
06:36
(Applause)
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(掌声)
06:38
And 1,000 kilometers away from the safety of land,
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1000 千米远离安全的陆地,
06:44
disaster strikes.
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灾难发生了。
06:47
The Arctic Ocean melts beneath our feet four months before it ever had in history,
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北冰洋在我们脚下融化了, 历史性的提早了四个月,
06:55
and we're 1,000 kilometers from safety.
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那时我们安全的陆地千里之遥。
06:58
The ice is crashing around us, grinding, and I'm thinking, "Are we going to die?"
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并在我们周围轰然裂开, 我想:“我们要死了么?”
07:05
But something clicked in my head on this day,
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但是我脑海中突然意识到,
07:09
as I realized we, as a world, are in a survival situation,
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我们作为一个世界在一个生存境遇中,
07:16
and that feeling has never gone away for 25 long years.
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那个感觉一直在我的心里有 25 年了。
07:21
Back then, we had to march or die.
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在那时候,我们要么前进要么死亡。
07:25
And we're not some TV survivor program.
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我们不是什么野外生存电视节目。
07:29
When things go wrong for us, it's life or death,
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当情况出现问题的时候, 便是生与死的问题,
07:32
and our brave African-American Daryl,
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我们勇敢的非裔美国人达里尔,
07:35
who would become the first American to walk to the North Pole,
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他将会成为第一个走到北极的人,
07:39
his heel dropped off from frostbite 200 klicks out.
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可是他的脚跟因为严重冻伤掉了下来。
07:44
He must keep going, he does,
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他必须继续前行,而且他做到了,
07:46
and after 60 days on the ice, we stood at the North Pole.
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在冰面行走的 60 天后, 我们站在了北极点上。
07:51
We had done it.
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我们做到了。
07:52
Yes, I became the first person in history stupid enough to walk to both Poles,
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是的,我成为历史上 第一个愚蠢到走到两极的人,
07:57
but it was our success.
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但这是我们的成功。
08:01
And sadly, on return home,
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但不幸的是,在我们回家的途中,
08:05
it was not all fun.
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并不总是充满愉悦,
08:08
I became very low.
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我情绪变得非常低落。
08:10
To succeed at something is often harder than actually making it happen.
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成功比付出行动要更难。
08:16
I was empty, lonely, financially destroyed.
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我当时空虚,孤独,贫穷。
08:20
I was without hope,
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我当时失去了希望,
08:22
but hope came in the form of the great Jacques Cousteau,
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但是我从伟大的雅克·库斯托那里 找回了希望,
08:26
and he inspired me to take on the 2041 mission.
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他鼓舞我接手 2041 任务。
08:31
Being Jacques, he gave me clear instructions:
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雅克给了我明确的指示:
08:35
Engage the world leaders, talk to industry and business,
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鼓舞世界领袖,与工商业交谈,
08:39
and above all, Rob, inspire young people,
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而最重要的是鼓舞年轻人,
08:43
because they will choose the future of the preservation of Antarctica.
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因为他们将选择对南极保护。
08:48
For the world leaders, we've been to every world Earth Summit,
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至于世界领袖, 我们访遍了每一个地球峰会,
08:52
all three of them, with our brave yacht, 2041,
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他们三个,承载着勇敢帆船 2041 号
08:57
twice to Rio, once in '92, once in 2012,
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分别在 1992 年和 2012 年 达到里约热内卢,
09:01
and for the Earth Summit in Johannesburg,
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为了约翰内斯堡的地球峰会,
09:05
we made the longest overland voyage ever made with a yacht,
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我们完成最长的陆地帆船的航行,
09:12
13,000 kilometers around the whole of Southern Africa
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围绕着整个南非 13000 公里,
09:17
doing our best to inspire over a million young people in person
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我们尽最大努力用 2041 和他们的环境
09:23
about 2041 and about their environment.
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激发百万的年轻人。
09:28
For the last 11 years, we have taken over 1,000 people,
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在过去的 11 年里, 我们带着超过 1000 人
09:35
people from industry and business, women and men from companies,
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来自工商的男女人们
09:38
students from all over the world, down to Antarctica,
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世界各地的学生们,去往南极,
09:42
and during those missions, we've managed to pull out
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在任务之中, 我们成功的将超过 1500 的废铁
09:46
over 1,500 tons of twisted metal left in Antarctica.
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清理出南极。
09:51
That took eight years, and I'm so proud of it
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这花了我们 8 年时间, 但是我很为此自豪,
09:55
because we recycled all of it back here in South America.
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因为我们将那些废铁 全部在南美回收利用了。
10:02
I have been inspired ever since I could walk
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自从我可以走路时
10:05
to recycle by my mum.
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我就和我妈学习资源回收,
10:09
Here she is, and my mum --
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这就是她,我妈妈
10:11
(Applause) --
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(掌声)
10:15
my mum is still recycling,
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我妈妈仍然坚持回收利用,
10:17
and as she is in her 100th year, isn't that fantastic?
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她现在都已经 100 岁了, 这难道不是非常棒么?
10:22
(Applause)
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(掌声)
10:25
And when -- I love my mum.
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当---我爱我妈。
10:28
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
10:29
But when Mum was born,
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当我妈出生的时候,
10:32
the population of our planet was only 1.8 billion people,
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当我母亲出生的时候, 世界人口只有 18 亿,
10:39
and talking in terms of billions,
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在这数亿人中,
10:41
we have taken young people from industry and business
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我们带着来自中国和印度工商业的
10:44
from India, from China.
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年轻人。
10:46
These are game-changing nations, and will be hugely important
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这些都是具有颠覆性的国家, 在将来对于保护南极的决定中
10:52
in the decision about the preservation of the Antarctic.
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将扮演举足轻重的角色。
10:57
Unbelievably, we've engaged and inspired women to come from the Middle East,
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难以置信的是, niudai我们还激发和鼓舞了来自中东的女性
11:04
often for the first time they've represented their nations in Antarctica.
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第一次代表她们的国家现身于南极。
11:10
Fantastic people, so inspired.
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了不起的人们,各个志气焕发。
11:13
To look after Antarctica,
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一起来保护南极,
11:16
you've got to first engage people with this extraordinary place,
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你们已经初步鼓舞人们参与到这了不起的地方,
11:22
form a relationship, form a bond,
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形成了一种关系,形成了一种纽带,
11:26
form some love.
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还产生了一些爱。
11:29
It is such a privilege to go to Antarctica,
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能够去往南极真的是我的荣幸,
11:33
I can't tell you.
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我不知道该怎么告诉你
11:34
I feel so lucky,
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我当时感到多么幸运,
11:36
and I've been 35 times in my life,
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我已在我一生中去了 35 次了,
11:39
and all those people who come with us return home as great champions,
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所有和我们一起去的人, 作为伟大的胜利者返回各国,
11:43
not only for Antarctica,
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不仅仅是为了南极,
11:45
but for local issues back in their own nations.
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还是为了他们国家各自的问题。
11:49
Let's go back to where we began: the ice melt of the North and South Poles.
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让我们退回到我们开始的地方: 南北极的冰融化的事情。
11:55
And it's not good news.
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这不是一个好消息。
11:59
NASA informed us six months ago
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NASA 6 个月之前告诉我们
12:03
that the Western Antarctic Ice Shelf is now disintegrating.
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南极西部的冰架正在解体。
12:08
Huge areas of ice --
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大面积的冰--
12:11
look how big Antarctica is even compared to here --
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看看南极和这里比有多大--
12:15
Huge areas of ice are breaking off from Antarctica,
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大面积的冰正从南极脱离
12:19
the size of small nations.
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有一个小国家的大小。
12:22
And NASA have calculated that the sea level will rise,
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NASA 还计算出海平面在未来 100 年里
12:27
it is definite,
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会上升 1 米
12:29
by one meter in the next 100 years,
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是必定无疑的事情,
12:32
the same time that my mum has been on planet Earth.
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和我妈活着时间一样长。
12:36
It's going to happen,
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这件事情会发生的,
12:37
and I've realized that the preservation of Antarctica
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我已经意识到对南极的保护
12:43
and our survival here on Earth are linked.
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与我们的生还紧密相连。
12:48
And there is a very simple solution.
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对此,有一个简单的解决办法。
12:50
If we are using more renewable energy in the real world,
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如果我们在现实世界中 更多的使用可再生能源,
12:55
if we are being more efficient with the energy here,
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如果我们能够更高效的利用现有能源,
13:01
running our energy mix in a cleaner way,
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使我们的能源结构更加清洁,
13:05
there will be no financial reason to go and exploit Antarctica.
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我们就不会因为经济上的问题去开采南极。
13:10
It won't make financial sense,
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这种行为一点都不经济,
13:12
and if we manage our energy better, we also may be able to slow down,
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如果我们可以更好的管理我们的能源,
13:20
maybe even stop,
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我们也许减慢,甚至停止
13:22
this great ice melt that threatens us.
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对我们有威胁的大面积冰层融化。
13:25
It's a big challenge, and what is our response to it?
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这是个巨大挑战,我们该怎样应对?
13:29
We've got to go back one last time,
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我们需要再回去一次,
13:33
and at the end of next year,
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在明年年底,
13:34
we will go back to the South Geographic Pole,
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我们将会回到南极点,
13:38
where we arrived 30 years ago on foot,
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我们 30 年前徒步到达过的地方,
13:43
and retrace our steps of 1,600 kilometers,
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追溯我们 1600 千米的步行,
13:48
but this time only using renewable energy to survive.
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但是这一次只使用再生能源来存活。
13:54
We will walk across those icecaps, which far down below are melting,
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我们将会走过那些底层正在融化的冰盖,
14:00
hopefully inspiring some solutions on that issue.
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或许我们可以找到解决那个问题的方法。
14:05
This is my son, Barney.
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这是我的儿子,巴尼。
14:07
He is coming with me.
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他将同我一起前行。
14:10
He is committed to walking side by side with his father,
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他将和他的父亲肩并肩一起前行,
14:15
and what he will do is to translate these messages
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他将翻译这些信息,
14:19
and inspire these messages to the minds of future young leaders.
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用这些新信息去鼓舞未来年轻的领袖们。
14:24
I'm extremely proud of him.
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我为他感到非常自豪。
14:26
Good on him, Barney.
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祝巴尼好运。
14:31
Ladies and gentlemen, a survivor -- and I'm good --
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女士们先生们,一个幸存者,
14:38
a survivor sees a problem and doesn't go, "Whatever."
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可以看见一个问题无论如何他会停留下来。
14:46
A survivor sees a problem and deals with that problem
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一个幸存者发现问题,
14:50
before it becomes a threat.
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在它变成威胁之前解决它。
14:53
We have 27 years to preserve the Antarctic.
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我们有 27 年的时间去保护南极。
14:59
We all own it.
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我们共同拥有它。
15:02
We all have responsibility.
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我们共同承担着责任。
15:05
The fact that nobody owns it maybe means that we can succeed.
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它并不属于仍和人的这个事实也许意味着我们会成功。
15:10
Antarctica is a moral line in the snow,
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南极是一个埋在雪里的道德线,
15:15
and on one side of that line we should fight,
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在那条线的一边我们应该斗争,
15:18
fight hard for this one beautiful, pristine place left alone on Earth.
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为地球上这片美丽、纯净的土地斗争。
15:24
I know it's possible.
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我知道这是可能的。
15:26
We are going to do it.
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我们将会去斗争。
15:28
And I'll leave you with these words from Goethe.
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我将歌德说的一些话留给你们。
15:32
I've tried to live by them.
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我尝试将它们作为我的信条。
15:35
"If you can do, or dream you can,
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“如果你们可以做到,或是梦想能做到,
15:43
begin it now,
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现在就开始吧,
15:46
for boldness has genius, power and magic in it."
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因为勇气中包含着聪慧,力量,和魔法。”
15:53
Good luck to you all.
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祝你们好运。
15:54
Thank you very much.
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非常感谢
15:56
(Applause)
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(掌声)
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